Iwo akanakisa ma mota mune apfuura makore makumi maviri
Zviri mukati
Muna 1999, Technology International magazine (UK) yakazivisa kugadzwa kwemubairo wepasi rose weinjini yepamusoro inogadzirwa pasirese. Iko kuongorora kwakavakirwa pane ongororo dzakapihwa nevanopfuura makumi matanhatu vanozivikanwa auto vatapi venhau vanobva kutenderera pasirese. Aya ndiwo mabudiro akaita iyo International Injini yeGore mubairo.
Yegore rechi20 rekuvambwa kweiyo makwikwi chiitiko chakanakisa chekupfupisa iyo inoshamisa mota dzekuvepo kwese kwemubairo (1999-2019). Mune iyo gallery iripazasi, iwe unogona kuona kuti ndezvipi zvakagadziridzwa zvakaita kuti zvive pamusoro pegumi.
Izvo zvinofanirwa kuyeukwa kuti mibairo iyi inowanzo kupihwa injini nyowani zvichibva pane zvinoonekwa nevatori venhau, uye kwete pane zvakaitika kune vatyairi. Nechikonzero ichi, runyorwa haruna zvikamu zvese zvinosarudzika nekuvimbika kwavo nekusimba.
10.Fiat TwinAir
Nzvimbo yegumi muchinzvimbo chakanyatsopatsanurwa pakati pezvikamu zvitatu. Imwe yeiyi Fiat 0,875-litita TwinAir, iyo yakahwina mibairo mina pamhemberero ya2011, kusanganisira Best Injini. Juri Sachigaro Dean Slavnic akaitumidza "imwe yeakanakisa injini munhoroondo".
Iyo Fiat unit inoratidzirwa neiyo inoshanduka vharuvhu nguva yekushandisa uchishandisa hydraulic dhiraivha. Iyo yepamoyo yakasarudzika vhezheni vhezheni inowanikwa muFiat Panda uye mazana mashanu, ichivapa makumi matanhatu emabhiza.
Kune zvakare maviri maturbocharged misiyano ine 80 uye 105 bhiza. Ivo anoshandiswa mumhando dzakadai seFiat 500L, Alfa Romeo MiTo uye Lancia Ypsilon. Iyi injini yakagamuchirawo mukurumbira wechiGerman Raoul Pitsch Award.
10. BMW N62 4.4 Valvetronic
Iyi V8 yakasarudzika yakasarudzika ndiyo yekutanga injini yekugadzira ine yakawanda yekudyira yakawanda uye yekutanga BMW 2002 ine Valvetronic. Muna XNUMX, yakagamuchira mitezo mitatu yegore yeIEY, inosanganisira "Grand Injini yeGore".
Mhando dzayo dzakasiyana siyana dzakawanikwa mune yakasimba kwazvo 5-Series, 7-Series, X5, iyo yese Alpina mutsara, pamwe nevemitambo vagadziri vakaita saMorgan naWiesmann. Simba remayuniti aripo rinosvika 272 kusvika 530 bhiza.
Unyanzvi hwayo hwepamberi hwaunza mukurumbira pasi rose, asi nekuda kwekugadzirwa kwayo kwakawanda, haisi imwe yemamota akavimbika kutenderedza. Tinokurudzira kuti vatengi vemota dzakashandiswa vachenjere nechikamu ichi.
10. Honda HAS 1.0
Dudziro yeIntegrated Motor Assist ndiyo yekutanga-yakagadzirwa-yakasanganiswa tekinoroji yekambani yeJapan, yakatanga kutaurwa neiyo yakakurumbira yekune dzimwe nyika modhi Insight. Inonyanya kufanana, asi ine pfungwa yakasiyana zvachose kana ichienzaniswa, toti, Toyota Prius.
MuImA, mota yemagetsi inoiswa pakati peinjini yemoto uye iko kutapurirana kuti iite sekutanga, kuenzanisa mudziyo uye neyunisheni yuniti sezvinodiwa.
Kwemakore akawanda, sisitimu iyi yakashandiswa neinjini kusvika 1,3 litita. Yakaiswa mumhando dzakasiyana dzeHonda - kubva kune isingafarirwe Insight, Freed Hybrid, CR-Z uye Acura ILX Hybrid muEurope kusvika kune yakasanganiswa shanduro dzeJazz, Civic uye Accord.
9. Toyota KR 1.0
Muchokwadi, iyi mhuri yematatu-masilinda mayuniti ane mabhurowa ealuminium haina kugadzirwa neToyota, asi neayo subsidiary Daihatsu.
Kubuditsa muna 2004, idzi injini dzakashandisa DOHC cheni-inotyairwa masilinda misoro, yakawanda-poindi jekiseni uye mana mavhavha pasirinda. Imwe yesimba ravo yaive yavo isina kujairika huremu - chete 4 makirogiramu.
Kwemakore, akasiyana akasiyana enjini idzi akagadzirwa aine huwandu hwe65 kusvika 98 bhiza. Iwo akaiswa muzvizvarwa zvekutanga nezvechipiri zveToyota Aygo / Citroen C1 / Peugeot 107, Toyota Yaris uye IQ, Daihatsu Cuore neSirion, uye Subaru Justy.
8. Mazda 13B-MSP Renesis
Kushingirira kwekambani yeJapan mukumisikidza injini dzeWankel, iyo yayakapa rezinesi kubva kuNSU panguva iyoyo, yakapihwa mubairo nehunyanzvi uhu, hwakadaidzwa kuti 13B-MSP. Mariri, kuedza kwenguva refu kugadzirisa kushaya simba kukuru kwemhando iyi yeinjini - kushandiswa kwepamusoro uye kubudiswa kwakanyanya - kwaiita sekubereka michero.
Shanduko yekutanga mukuwandisa kwakasiyana yakawedzera kudzvanya chaiko uye nesimba racho. Pakazara, kushanda zvakanaka kwakawedzerwa ne49% zvichienzaniswa nezvizvarwa zvakapfuura.
Mazda akaisa injini iyi muRX-8 yavo uye yakahwina mibairo mitatu nayo muna 2003, kusanganisira ine mukurumbira weEngine of the Year. Kadhi hombe yehwamanda yaive huremu hwayo hwakaderera (112 kg mune yekutanga vhezheni) uye kuita kwepamusoro - kusvika ku235 horsepower mu1,3 litres chete. Zvisinei, inoramba yakaoma zvikuru kuchengetedza uye nezvikamu zviri nyore kupfeka.
7. BMW N54 3.0
Kana paine kumwe kutsungirira kutaura nezve BMW's 4,4-litre V8, zvakaoma kunzwa izwi rakaipa nezve N54 inline-six.
Iyi matatu-litre unit yakatanga muna 2006 mushanduro dzine simba kwazvo dzechitatu dzakateedzana (E90) uye ndokuhwina iyo International Injini yeGore mubairo kwemakore mashanu akateedzana. Kubudirira kwakafanana kwakawanikwa kune mumwe weAmerican Ward's Auto kwemakore matatu akateedzana.
Iine yakananga jekiseni uye mbiri inoshanduka camshaft kutonga (VANOS), iyi ndiyo yekutanga kugadzirwa turbocharged BMW injini. Kwemakore gumi, yakave yakabatanidzwa mune zvese zvinhu: E90, E60, E82, E71, E89, E92, F01, uyezve, nekuchinja kudiki, mumutsetse weAlpina.
6. BMW B38 1.5
BMW ndiyo yakapihwa chikwikwidzi mumakumi maviri emakore ekutanga (International Injini yeGore), uye uyu asingatarisirwi akapinda akaita makwikwi akakomba: matatu-humburumbira turbo injini ine huwandu hwe1,5 litita, chiyero chekumanikidza che11: 1, yakananga jekiseni, VANOS mbiri uye yekutanga aruminiyamu turbocharger yepasi yakaburitswa. Continental.
Yakagadzirirwawo kumberi-mavhiri ekutyaira mota senge iyo BMW 2 Series Active Tourer uye MINI Hatch, pamwe neyemashure-emavhiri emota mamodheru.
Asi chirevo chayo chikuru chekurumbira chinobva mukushandisa kwayo kwekutanga: muiyo i8 yemitambo musanganiswa, uko, muhomwe ine mota dzemagetsi, yakapa kumhanyisa kwakafanana kwaimbove naLamborghini Gallardo.
5. Toyota 1NZ-FXE 1.5
Iyi inguva yakakosha yeiyo NZ yakateedzana injini yemukati ine mwenje wealuminium. Yakagadzirirwa yakanangana nemotokari dzakauchikwa, kunyanya yePrius inozivikanwa. Injini ine yakakwenenzverwa kureba kwomuviri compression ye13,0: 1, asi kuvharwa kwevhavha yekudyira kunonoka, zvichikonzera kumanikidzwa chaiko kuna 9,5: 1 uye kuchikonzera kuti chishande mune chimwe chinhu senge chakaenzaniswa Atkinson kutenderera. Izvi zvinoderedza simba uye torque, asi zvinowedzera kushanda.
Ndiyo misiyano ine 77 hp. (5000 rpm), yakamira pasi pehood yePrius MK1 neMK2 (chizvarwa chechitatu chakatogadzirirwa ne2ZR-FXE), iyo Yaris hybrid uye mamwe mamodheru akati wandei ane yakafanana yemukati injini yemoto.
4. VW 1.4 TFSI, TSI Twincharger
Hwaro hwechikamu ichi hwakatorwa EA111. Kekutanga, turbocharged shanduko yeinjini yekupisa yakanzwika pa2005 Frankfurt Motor Show. Yakashandiswa sechikamu chikuru cheGorofu-5. Pakutanga, iyo in-line ina (1,4 litita) yakagadzira 150 hp. uye yaive neTwincharger system - compressor kit ine turbocharger. Kutamiswa kwakaderedzwa kwakapa kwakakosha kuchengetedza kwemafuta nepo simba raive 14% rakakwirira kupfuura 2.0 FSI.
Yakagadzirwa muChemnitz, ichi chishandiso chakashandiswa mushanduro dzakasiyana siyana mune angangoita ese zvigadzirwa zveGerman. Gare gare, shanduro ine simba rakadzikira yakaonekwa, isina compressor, asi chete neiyo turbocharger uye inopinza. Yaive zvakare 14 kg yakareruka.
3. BMW S54 3.2
Bavaria 3,2-litre emagetsi unit yakawana chinzvimbo chechitatu pakati pezvinonyanya kushamisa injini dzemoto dzemakore makumi maviri apfuura. Iyi injini ndiyo yazvino nadzurudzo yeiyo yatove inoshanda S20 (50-humburumbira TSI yakashuva). Iyo yekupedzisira unit yakagadzirwa zvakanyanya kune imwe yeanonyanya kufarirwa M6 mitambo sedans (E3).
Panogadzirirwa fekitori, chikamu ichi chaive nehunhu hunotevera: 343 hp. pa7 rpm, yakanyanya torque 900 Newtons uye inoita nyore 365 rpm.
2. Ford 1.0 EcoBoost
Mushure mematanho mashoma akakomba uye ane ruzha, zviuru zvemishumo yekupisa uye kumwe kupisa kwepasina, idzi injini-nhatu-dzesilinda dzine mukurumbira wakashatiswa zvishoma.
Nekudaro, iyo EcoBoost tekinoroji pachayo yakanga isiri iyo yematambudziko aya (uku ndiko kukura kukuru kweinjiniya). Mazhinji ematambudziko akamuka nekuda kwekukanganisa mune inotonhorera system uye mamwe maheripheral system.
Yakagadziriswa neFord Europe muDanton, UK, iyi ICE yakaunzwa muna2012. Kubva panguva yekutanga, akafadza vese vatori venhau vemota uye vanofarira mota. Pane litre rimwe revhoriyamu, iyo unit yakaburitsa inoshamisa 125 hp. Kwapera chinguva, kwakawedzera vhezheni ine simba, iyo Fiesta Red Edition yakagamuchirwa (subcompact yemukati yemoto injini yakagadzira masimba zana nemakumi mana). Iwe zvakare uchaiwana mune iyo Focus uye C-Max. Pakati pa140 na2012, aive akahwina katatu-mukombe wepagore.
1. Ferrari F154 3.9
Mhedziso "shasha" yemakore mana apfuura. Iyo Italian automaker yakaburitsa iyo seinotsiva iyo F120A (2,9 L). Izvo zvitsva zvakagamuchira turbine yakapetwa kaviri, yakanangana jekiseni system, kusiyanisa gasi kugovera, uye iyo camber iri 90о.
Iyo inoshandiswa mumhando dzakasiyana muFerrari California T, GTC4 Lusso, Portofino, Roma, 488 Pista, F8 Spider uye kunyangwe yepamusorosoro Ferrari SF90 Stradale.
Iwe zvakare uchaiwana mune yepamusoro-spec shanduro dzeMaserati Quattroporte neLevante. Iyo inowirirana zvakananga neinonakidza V6 inoshandiswa neAlfa Romeo Giulia Quadrifoglio.
