Injini dzakanakisa mumakore makumi maviri apfuura

Muna 1999, chinyorwa cheBritish cheEngine Technology International magazini yakasarudza kutanga mibairo yepasi rose yeinjini dzakanakisisa dzinogadzirwa pasi rose. Dare revatongi raisanganisira vanopfuura 60 vatori venhau vane simba vemotokari kubva pasirese. Saka kwakazvarwa International Engine of the Year Awards. Uye mukuremekedza makore makumi maviri emubairo, juri rakasarudza kuona injini dzakanakisisa kwenguva yose - kubva muna 20 kusvika muna 1999. Mune iyo gallery pazasi iwe unogona kuona kuti ndiani akazviita mupamusoro gumi nemaviri. Nekudaro, ndapota cherechedza kuti mibairo iyi inowanzopihwa injini nyowani zvichienderana nekuona kwevatapi venhau, uye zvinhu zvakaita sekuvimbika uye kusimba hazviwanzo kuverengerwa.

10.Fiat TwinAir

Nzvimbo yegumi muhurongwa inoparadzaniswa pakati pezvikamu zvitatu. Imwe yacho iFiat's 0,875-litre TwinAir, iyo yakahwina mibairo mina pamhemberero ya2011, kusanganisira Best Injini. Sachigaro weJury Dean Slavnich akaidaidza kuti "imwe yeinjini dzakanakisa zvachose".

Iyo Fiat unit inoratidzira inoshanduka vharuvhu nguva ine hydraulic dhiraivha. Yayo yakakosha, yakasarudzika-inoshuvira vhezheni inokodzera iyo Fiat Panda uye mazana mashanu, ichiendesa makumi matanhatu emabhiza. Kune zvakare maviri akasiyana ane 500 uye 60 horsepower turbocharger, ayo anoshandiswa mumhando dzakadai seFiat 80L, Alfa Romeo MiTo naLancia Ypsilon. Iyi injini yakapihwa mubairo wepamusoro wechiGerman Raul Pietsch.

10. BMW N62 4.4 Valvetronic

Iyi V8 yakasarudzika yakasarudzika ndiyo yekutanga injini yekugadzira ine kusiyanisa kwekudya yakawanda uye yekutanga BMW 2002 ine Valvetronic. Muna XNUMX, akahwina matatu egore mibairo yeEEY, kusanganisira iyo Grand for Injini yegore mubairo.

Mhando dzayo dzakasiyana dzakaiswa mune ine simba yechishanu, yechinomwe, X5, iyo Alpina mutsetse wese, pamwe nevagadziri vemitambo vakaita saMorgan naWiesmann, uye vakagadzira simba kubva 7 kusvika 5 bhiza.

Unyanzvi hwayo hwapamberi hwakaunza kuzivikanwa kwenyika dzepasi rose, asi nekuda kwekugadzirwa kwayo kwakaomarara, haisi yeimwe yakavimbika. Tinokurudzira kuti vatengi vemasekeni vachenjere nazvo.

10. Honda HAS 1.0

Acronym yeYakabatanidzwa Mota Inobatsira, ndiyo yekambani yeJapan yekutanga massaiti-akagadzirwa ehybrid tekinoroji, pakutanga yakarairwa nemukurumbira mhiri kwemakungwa Insight modhi. Iyo ingangoita yakafanana hybrid, asi ine pfungwa yakatosiyana kana ichienzaniswa, toti, Toyota Prius. MuIMA, mota yemagetsi inoiswa pakati peinjini yemoto uye kufambisa uye inoita sekutanga, balancer uye zvekushandisa pazvinodiwa.

Kwemakore, sisitimu iyi yanga ichishandiswa neakakura ekutamiswa (kusvika 1,3 malita) uye akavakirwa mumhando dzakasiyana dzeHonda - kubva kune isingafarirwe Insight, Freed Hybrid, CR-Z uye Acura ILX Hybrid muEurope kusvika kune yakasanganiswa mavhezheni eiyo. Jazz, Civic uye Accord.

9. Toyota KR 1.0

Chaizvoizvo, mhuri iyi yezvikamu zvitatu-cylinder ine aluminium blocks yakagadzirwa kwete neToyota, asi nekambani yayo Daihatsu. Kutanga muna 2004, injini idzi dzakashandisa DOHC cheni inofambiswa nemisoro yemasilinda, jekiseni remultipoint uye mavharuvhu mana pacylinder. Imwe yesimba ravo guru raiva uremu hwavo husina kujairika - makirogiramu 4 chete.

Kwemakore, akasiyana mavhezheni einjini aya akagadzirwa aine huwandu hwe65 kusvika 98 bhiza. Iwo akaiswa muToyota Aygo / Citroen C1 / Peugeot 107, Toyota Yaris uye IQ yechizvarwa chekutanga nechechipiri, muDaihatsu Cuore neSirion, pamwe neSubary Justy.

8. Mazda 13B-MSP Renesis

Kushingirira kwekambani yeJapan kuisa injini dzeWankel, iyo yayakapa rezenisi kubva kuNSU panguva iyoyo, yakapihwa mubairo nechikamu ichi, chakanzi 13B-MSP. Mariri, kuedza kwenguva refu kugadzirisa zvipingamupinyi zviviri zvemhando iyi yeinjini - kushandiswa kwepamusoro uye kubudiswa kwakanyanya - kunoratidzika kunge kwakabereka zvibereko.

Shanduko yekutanga kune ekuzadza emachiteshi yakawedzera zvakanyanya kumanikidza chaiko, uye nawo simba. Kubudirira kwese kwakawedzera ne49% pamusoro pezvizvarwa zvakapfuura.

Mazda yakaisa injini iyi muRX-8 yayo uye yakahwina mibairo mitatu nayo muna 2003, kusanganisira mubairo mukuru weinjini yegore. Kadhi hombe yehwamanda yaive huremu hwakaderera (112 kg mune yekutanga vhezheni) uye kuita kwepamusoro - kusvika 235 horsepower mu1,3 litres chete. Zvisinei, inoramba yakaoma zvikuru kuchengetedza uye ine zvikamu zvinopfekwa zviri nyore.

7. BMW N54 3.0

Ipo BMW's 4,4-litre V8 ine chero zvirevo nezve kutsungirira, zvakaoma kunzwa izwi rakaipa nezve matanhatu-humburumbira N54. Iyi-litre unit matatu yakaita madhiri ayo muna 2006 mune mamwe masimba ane simba echitatu akateedzana (E90) uye akahwina "International Injini Yegore" kwemakore mashanu akateedzana, pamwe neiye muAmerican Wards Auto kwemakore matatu mu mutsara.

Iyi ndiyo yekutanga injini yeBMW ine yakananga jekiseni turbocharging uye mbiri mbiri inowirirana vharuvhu nguva (VANOS). Kwemakore gumi, yakave yakabatanidzwa mune zvese: E90, E60, E82, E71, E89, E92, F01, uye zvakare, nekuchinja kudiki, muAlpina.

6. BMW B38 1.5

BMW ndiyo yakapihwa mubairo mumakumi maviri emakore ekutanga eInternational Injini yeGore, uye uyu anotora chikamu asingatarisirwi akaita mupiro wakakosha kune izvi: matatu-humburumbira turbo injini ine huwandu hwe1,5 litita, chiyero chekomputa : 11, yakananga jekiseni, mbiri VANOS uye yepasi rose aluminium turbocharger kubva ku Continental.

Yakagadzirirwawo kumberi-vhiri rekutyaira mota senge iyo BMW 2 Series Active Tourer uye MINI Hatch, pamwe neshure-vhiri dhiraivha mamodheru. Asi mukurumbira wayo wakakomba unobva mukushandisa kwayo kwekutanga: muiyo i8 yemitambo yakasanganiswa, uko, izere nemagetsi emagetsi, yakapa kumhanyisa kwakafanana sezvakaitwa naLamborghini Gallardo.

5. Toyota 1NZ-FXE 1.5

Iyi inguva yakasarudzika yeToyota's NZ dzakateedzana injini injini, yakagadzirirwa kuti ishandiswe mumhando dzakauchikwa, kunyanya iyo Prius. Injini ine yakakwenenzverwa zvakanyanya kukwiridzira chiyero chegumi na gumi. Izvi zvinoderedza simba uye torque, asi zvinowedzera kushanda.

Yaive iyi injini makumi manomwe neshanu yemabhiza pa77 rpm yaive moyo wechizvarwa chekutanga nechechipiri chePrius (wechitatu atoshandisa iyo 5000ZR-FXE), iyo Yaris hybrid uye mimwe mienzaniso yakawanda ine yakafanana magetsi chirimwa.

4. Volkswagen 1.4 TSFI, TSI Twincharger

Kubva pane iyo yakanaka yekare EA111, iyi injini nyowani turbocharged yakavhurwa muna 2005 Frankfurt Motor Show kutyaira yechishanu chizvarwa Gorofu. Mune yayo yekutanga vhezheni, iyi ina-humburumbira 1,4 yaive nekwanisi yemakumi mashanu emabhiza uye yainzi Twincharger, ndiko kuti, yaive necompressor uye turbo. Iko kuderedzwa kwekutama kwakapa kwakakosha mafuta kuchengetedza uye simba yaive 150% kupfuura iyo 14 FSI.

Yakagadzirwa muChemnitz, ichi chikwata chinoshandiswa mumhando dzakasiyana siyana pane angangoita ese mabrandi. Gare gare, shanduro ine simba rakadzikira yakaonekwa, isina compressor, asi chete neiyo turbocharger uye inopinza. Aive zvakare 14 kg akareruka.

3. BMW S54 3.2

Chimwe chezvinhu zvinonyatsozivikanwa zvekota yekupedzisira yezana ramakore. Inozivikanwa seS54, yaive yazvino vhezheni yeS50 yakabudirira zvikuru, injini yepeturu yaidiwa nemasilinda matanhatu. Iyi ichangoburwa hurray ndeyemota isingakanganwike, iyo E3-chizvarwa BMW M46.

Pafekitori, injini iyi inogadzira 343 simba rebhiza pa7900 rpm, torque yepamusoro ye365 mita yeNewton uye inopota zvinosvika zviuru zvisere paminiti.

2. Ford 1.0 EcoBoost

Mushure memabasa akawanda makuru ebasa uye makumi ezviuru zvezviitiko zvekupisa kweinjini kana kunyange kuzvibatidza, nhasi matatu-cylinder EcoBoost ine mukurumbira wakashata zvishoma. Asi kutaura zvazviri, matambudziko nawo haana kubva muyuniti pachayo - inoshamisa kubudirira kweinjiniya, asi nekuda kwekuregeredza uye hupfumi padivi payo, senge matangi nemapombi ekutonhorera.

Ichi chikwata, chakagadzirwa neEuropean division yeFord muDunton, UK, yakaonekwa muna 2012 uye yakafadza vatori venhau nemaitiro ayo - rita imwe yevhoriyamu, uye simba guru remabhiza zana nemakumi maviri nemashanu. Ipapo kwakauya 125 hp Fiesta Red Edition. Iwe zvakare uchaiwana muFocus, C-Max, nezvimwe. Pakati pa140 na2012, akatumidzwa zita reInternational Engine of the Year katatu akatevedzana.

1. Ferrari F154 3,9

Asingazivikanwe anokunda mumakwikwi mana ekupedzisira einjiniya yegore. VaItaly vakaigadzira semutsivi kune mukuru 2,9-litre F120A. Iyo ine mbiri turbocharging, yakananga jekiseni, inoshanduka vharuvhu nguva uye 90-degree angle pakati pemasirinda misoro.

Iyo inoshandiswa mukushandurwa kwakasiyana kweiyo Ferrari California T, GTC4 Lusso, Portofino, Roma, 488 Pista, F8 Spider uye kunyangwe mune yepamusoro-tekinoroji Ferrari SF90 Stradale. Iwe zvakare uchaiwana mune akareba vhezheni yeMaserati Quattroporte neLevante. Iyo inowirirana zvakananga neinonakidza V6 injini inoshandiswa neAlfa Romeo Giulia Quadrifoglio.