CVT gearbox - chii ichocho?

Chii chinonzi CVT bhokisi, uye yakasiyana sei neyechinyakare kutapurirana?Mubvunzo wakadaro unogona kufadza kune vese varidzi vemotokari varipo vane rudzi urwu rwekutakura torque uye mune ramangwana. iyi mhando yegiya bhokisi inoreva kusavapo kweyakagadziriswa giya zviyero. Izvi zvinopa kukwira kwakatsetseka, uye zvakare inobvumidza iwe kushandisa iyo yemukati combustion injini mune yakakwana modes. Rimwe zita rebhokisi rakadaro ndiro variator. ipapo isu tichafunga zvakanakira uye zvakaipira CVT gearbox, nuances yekushandiswa kwayo, pamwe nekuongorora kwevatyairi vanotova nemota dzinenge dzichiramba dzichichinjika.

Tsanangudzo

Muchidimbu CVT (Continuously Variable Transmission - English) inoturikira ichiti "constantly variable transmission." Kureva, dhizaini yayo inoreva mukana shanduko yakatsetseka kutapurirana chiyero pakati pekutyaira uye inofambiswa pulleys. Muchokwadi, izvi zvinoreva kuti bhokisi reCVT rine akawanda magiya mareshiyo mune imwe nhanho (renji miganhu inoisa hudiki uye hwakanyanya pulley madhayamita). Kushanda kweCVT kwakafanana nenzira dzakawanda nekushandisa otomatiki kutapurirana. Iwe unogona kuverenga pamusoro pekusiyana kwavo zvakasiyana.

Kusvika iye zvino, kune marudzi anotevera e-variator:

CVT kushanda

• kumberi;
• conical;
• bhora;
• multidisk;
• end;
• wave;
• disc mabhora;
• V-bhandi.

CVT bhokisi (variator) rinoshandiswa kwete chete sekufambisa motokari, asiwo kune dzimwe motokari - semuenzaniso, scooters, snowmobiles, ATVs, zvichingodaro.

Mhando yakajairika yeCVT bhokisi ndeye friction V-belt variator. Izvi zvinokonzerwa nekureruka uye kuvimbika kwekugadzirwa kwayo, pamwe nekureruka uye mukana wekuishandisa mumuchina wekufambisa. Nhasi, ruzhinji rwevagadziri vemotokari vanogadzira mota dzine CVT bhokisi vanoshandisa V-belt variators (kunze kwemamwe maNissan modhi ane toroidal-mhando CVT bhokisi). Zvadaro, funga dhizaini uye musimboti wekushanda kweV-belt variator.

Kushanda kwebhokisi reCVT

Iyo V-belt variator ine zvikamu zviviri zvakakosha:

• Trapezoidal toothed bhandi. Vamwe vanogadzira mota vanoshandisa cheni yesimbi kana bhandi rakagadzirwa nesimbi ndiro panzvimbo.
• Mapulley maviri akaumbwa nemakoni anonongedza kune rimwe nerimwe nemazano.

Sezvo coaxial cones iri pedyo kune mumwe nemumwe, dhayamita yedenderedzwa iyo bhanhire rinotsanangura inoderera kana kuwedzera. Zvikamu zvakanyorwa CVT actuators. Uye zvese zvinodzorwa nemagetsi zvichibva paruzivo kubva kune akawanda masensa.

Nheyo yekushanda kwevariator

Stepless CVT kutapurirana mudziyo

Saka, kana iyo dhayamita yedhiraivha yekutyaira yakanyanya (makoni ayo achave ari padyo nepedyo sezvinobvira), uye iyo inotyairwa ishoma (makoni ayo achasiyana zvakanyanya sezvinobvira), zvino zvinoreva kuti "yepamusoro-soro." giya" rakabatidzwa (rinoenderana nechina kana 4th kufambisa mune yakajairwa kutapurirana). Sezvineiwo, kana dhayamita yepulley inotyairwa ishoma (makoni ayo achasiyana), uye iyo inotyairwa pulley yakakura (makoni ayo achavhara), zvino izvi zvinoenderana ne "yakaderera giya" (yekutanga mune yechinyakare kutapurirana).

Pakutyaira mumashure, CVT inoshandisa mamwe mhinduro, kazhinji bhokisi remapuraneti, sezvo nzira yechinyakare haigone kushandiswa mune iyi kesi.

Nekuda kwemaitiro ekugadzira dhizaini, vhezheni inogona kungoshandiswa pamakina madiki (aine injini yekupisa yemukati simba inosvika 220 hp). Izvi zvinokonzerwa nekuedza kukuru kunowanikwa nebhanhire panguva yekushanda. Maitiro ekushandisa mota ine CVT transmission inoisa zvimwe zvirambidzo kumutyairi. Saka, haugone kutanga nekukasira kubva panzvimbo, kutyaira kwenguva yakareba nekumhanya kwakanyanya kana kushoma, kukweva turera, kana kutyaira uchibva munzira.

Zvakanakira uye zvakaipira zveCVT mabhokisi

Kufanana nechero mudziyo wehunyanzvi, maCVT ane zvayakanakira nezvayakaipira. Asi mukururama, zvinofanirwa kucherechedzwa kuti panguva ino, automakers vari kugara vachivandudza kutapurirana uku, saka nekufamba kwenguva mufananidzo wacho ungangochinja, uye CVTs ichava nezvikanganiso zvishoma. Nekudaro, nhasi iyo CVT gearbox ine zvinotevera zvakanakira nezvayakaipira:

zvakwakanakira	kutadza
Iyo variator inopa yakatsetseka kukwirisa pasina jerks, yakajairika kune bhuku kana otomatiki kutapurirana.	The variator nhasi yakaiswa pamotokari ine mukati combustion injini simba anosvika 220 hp. Izvi zvinokonzerwa nekuti mota dzine simba kwazvo dzine mhedzisiro yakawandisa pabhandi rekutyaira (chain) yevariator.
Kubudirira kwepamusoro. Nekuda kweizvi, mafuta anochengetedzwa, uye simba reinjini yekupisa rinoendeswa kune nzira dzekuita nekukurumidza.	Iyo variator inonzwa zvakanyanya kune mhando yemafuta egiya. kazhinji, iwe unofanirwa kutenga chete epakutanga emhando yepamusoro mafuta, ayo anodhura zvakanyanya kupfuura avo ebhajeti. Mukuwedzera, iwe unofanirwa kuchinja mafuta kakawanda kupfuura mumutauro wekare (anenge makiromita zviuru makumi matatu).
Yakakosha mafuta ehupfumi. Iwo ndiwo mhedzisiro yekushanda kwepamusoro uye kuwedzera kwakatsetseka kwekumhanya kweinjini uye kumhanya (mune yechinyakare kutapurirana, kwakakosha overrun inoitika panguva yekuchinja kwegiya).	Iko kuomarara kweiyo variator mudziyo (kuvapo kwe "smart" zvemagetsi uye nhamba huru ye sensors) inotungamira kune chokwadi chekuti pakuputsika kudiki kweimwe yeakawanda node, iyo vhezheni inozochinjirwa otomatiki kune emergency mode kana kuremara (kumanikidzwa. kana emergency).
Kushamwaridzana kwepamusoro kwezvakatipoteredza, izvo zvinokonzerwa nekuderedza kushandiswa kwemafuta. Uye izvi zvinoreva kuti mota dzakashongedzerwa neCVT dzinosangana dzemazuva ano dzakakwirira dzeEuropean zvakatipoteredza zvinodiwa.	Kuoma kwekugadzirisa. Kazhinji, kunyange matambudziko maduku nekushanda kana kugadziriswa kwevariator kunogona kutungamirira kumamiriro ezvinhu apo zvakaoma kuwana musangano uye nyanzvi dzekugadzirisa chikwata ichi (izvi zvinonyanya kuitika kumataundi maduku nemisha). Uye mutengo wekugadzirisa variator wakakwira zvakanyanya pane yechinyakare bhuku kana otomatiki transmissions.
Iyo yemagetsi inodzora variator inogara ichisarudza iyo yakakwana yekushandisa mode. Ndiko kuti, kutapurirana kunogara kuchishanda mune yakanyanya nyoro mode. Saizvozvo, izvi zvine mhedzisiro yakanaka pakupfeka uye hupenyu hwebasa hweyuniti.	Turera kana imwe mota haigone kudhonzwa pamotokari ine CVT.

Mota ine CVT haigone kudhonzwa netirailer kana imwe mota. hazvibviriwo kudhonza motokari pachayo kana injini yemoto yemukati yakadzimwa. Imwe nzira ndeye nyaya kana iwe ukaturika dhiraivha esero parori yekudhonza.

Matambudziko ekushanda anogona kuitika

Mukuita, varidzi vemotokari dzakashongedzerwa neCVT kutapurirana vanotarisana nematambudziko matatu makuru.

1. Kupfeka kwekoni. Chikonzero chechiitiko ichi ndeye banal - kusangana nezvigadzirwa zvekupfeka (metal chips) kana marara panzvimbo yekushanda. Muridzi wemota achaudzwa nezve dambudziko nehum inobva kune variator. Izvi zvinogona kuitika zvakasiyana anomhanya - kubva 40 kusvika 150 zviuru makiromita. Maererano nehuwandu, Nissan Qashqai ane mhosva yeizvi. kuti udzivise dambudziko rakadaro, zvinodikanwa kuti ugare uchichinja mafuta egiya (maererano nekurudziro yevazhinji vanogadzira mota, izvi zvinofanirwa kuitwa yega yega makumi matatu ... 30 zviuru zvemakiromita).

   Kudzikisira pombi uye vharafu

2. Kutadza kwepombi yemafuta kudzvanya kudzikisa vharafu. Izvi zvichaziviswa kwauri nejerks uye twitches yemota, zvese panguva yekutanga uye braking, uye panguva yakadzikama yunifomu kukwira. Chikonzero chekuputsika, zvichida, chichavata mune zvakafanana kupfeka zvigadzirwa. Nekuda kwekuonekwa kwavo, vharuvhu yakanyungudutswa munzvimbo dzepakati. Nekuda kweizvozvo, kudzvanywa muhurongwa kunotanga kusvetuka, madhayamita ekutyaira uye anotyairwa pulleys ari kunze kwekuenderana, nekuda kweizvi, bhandi rinotanga kutsvedza. Panguva yekugadzirisa, mafuta uye bhanhire zvinowanzoshandurwa, uye pulleys inogadzirwa. Kudzivirirwa kwekuparara kwakafanana - shandura kutapurirana mafuta uye mafirita nenguva, uye zvakare shandisa emhando yepamusoro mafuta. Rangarira kuti CVT mhando giya oiri inofanira kudururirwa mune variator (inopa inodiwa viscosity uye "kunamira"). Oiri yeCVT inosiyaniswa nekuona kushanda kwakagadzikana kwe "wet" clutch. Mukuwedzera, iyo inowedzera kunamatira, iyo inopa kusungirirwa kunodiwa pakati pepulleys uye bhandi rekutyaira.
3. Operating Temperature Issues. Icho chokwadi ndechekuti iyo variator inonyanya kutarisisa kune yekushanda tembiricha renji, kureva, kuwedzeredza. Iyo tembiricha sensor inokonzeresa izvi, izvo, kana kukosha kwakakosha kwakapfuudzwa, inoisa iyo vhezheni mune yekukurumidzira modhi (inoisa bhandi kunzvimbo yepakati pamapulleys ese ari maviri). Nekumanikidzwa kutonhora kweiyo variator, imwe radiator yekuwedzera inowanzoshandiswa. kuitira kuti urege kupisa variator, edza usatyaire zvakanyanya kana kuti zvishoma zvekumhanya kwenguva yakareba. zvakare usakanganwa kuchenesa CVT inotonhorera radiator (kana mota yako iine imwe).

Rumwe ruzivo nezve variator

Nyanzvi dzakawanda dzinotenda kuti CVT gearbox (variator) ndiyo yakanyanya kufambisa mhando yekufambisa kusvika parizvino. Naizvozvo, pane zvese zvinodikanwa zvekuti iyo variator inozotsiva otomatiki zvishoma nezvishoma, sezvo iyo yekupedzisira inotsiva ine chivimbo kuendesa bhuku nekufamba kwenguva. Zvisinei, kana ukasarudza kutenga motokari ine CVT, unofanira kuyeuka zvinotevera zvinokosha chokwadi:

• iyo variator haina kugadzirirwa yehasha yekutyaira maitiro (yakapinza kukurumidza uye kudzikisira);
• hazvikurudzirwe kutyaira mota yakashongedzerwa nevariator kwenguva yakareba yakaderera uye yakanyanya kumhanya (izvi zvinotungamira mukupfeka kwakakomba kweyuniti);
• bhandi revariator rinotya kutyisa kukuru, saka zvinokurudzirwa kutyaira chete panzvimbo yakati sandara, kudzivisa migwagwa yenyika uye kunze kwemugwagwa;
• panguva yekushanda kwechando, zvakakosha kudziya bhokisi, kutarisa kutonhora kwayo. Pakupisa pazasi -30, hazvikurudzirwe kushandisa muchina.
• mune variator, zvakakosha kuti uchinje mafuta egiya nenguva (uye shandisa chete emhando yepamusoro oiri yepakutanga).

Usati watenga mota ine CVT gearbox, unofanirwa kuve wakagadzirira mamiriro ekushanda kwayo. Zvinokubhadharira zvakanyanya, asi zvakakodzera kunakidzwa uye kunyaradzwa iyo CVT inopa. Zviuru zvevatyairi nhasi vanoshandisa CVT kutapurirana, uye nhamba yavo iri kukura chete.

Wongororo yeCVT gearbox

Chekupedzisira, isu takakuunganidzira iwe chaiwo wongororo yevaridzi vemotokari vane mota dzakashongedzerwa neCVT. Isu tinovaratidza kune iwe kuti iwe uve neyakajeka mufananidzo wakajeka wekukodzera kwesarudzo.

Zvakanaka mhinduro	Mashoko asina kunaka
Iwe unofanirwa kujaira kune variator. Ndakanga ndine fungidziro yekuti kana wangosiya gasi, mota inomira nekukurumidza kupfuura pamushini (kazhinji, injini mabhureki). Izvi zvanga zvisina kujairika kwandiri, ndinoda kukwidibira kurobhoti. Uye yea pluses - pane 1.5 injini, simba rinotyisa (kwete kuenzaniswa neSupra, asi richienzaniswa nemotokari dzemazuva ose ne1.5) uye kushandiswa kwemafuta kuduku.	Wese munhu anorumbidza variator, hapana anogona kutsanangura zvine hungwaru kuti sei zviri nani pane zvemazuva ano, zvakare akatsetseka 6-7-kumhanya chaiyo hydromechanics, ndiko kuti, mhinduro iri nyore, hapana, yakaipisisa (yakanyorwa pamusoro munyaya yacho). Kungoti vanhu ava vakatenga CVT kwete nekuti iri nani pane automatic, asi nekuti mota yavakasarudza kutenga haina kuuya neautomatic chaiyo.
A CVT ine mari yakawanda kupfuura otomatiki (ini ndinoienzanisa kwete neSelick, asi neimwe mota ine 1.3 injini.	The variator haakurudzire tariro. Kubudirira kunonakidza, hongu. Asi, tichifunga kuti iyo indasitiri yepasi rose yemotokari iri kubva pakuvandudza kuvimbika muzvikamu zvemazuva ano, hapana chinogona kutarisirwa kubva kune varicos (pamwe chete nemarobhoti). Zvinokwanisika here kushandura kumafungiro evatengi kune motokari: Ndakaitenga, ndakaityaira kwemakore maviri pasi pewaranti, ndakaibatanidza, ndakatenga imwe itsva. Ndizvo zvavari kutitungamirira kwazviri.
Pros - inokurumidza uye yakawedzera kuvimba kukwirisa zvichienzaniswa neautomatics uye makanika (kana makanika asiri tenzi wemitambo mujaho remotokari). Profitability. (Fit-5,5 l, Integra-7 l, zvose zviri mumugwagwa mukuru)	Sei uchida vhezheni kana "classic" otomatiki muchina wakagadzirwa kare - yakatsetseka uye yakavimbika zvakanyanya? Imwe chete sarudzo inozviratidza - kuitira kuderedza kuvimbika uye weld pakutengesa kwezvimedu. Uye saka, 100 zviuru. mota yakatyaira - zvese, inguva yekuenda kumarara.
Nguva yechando yapfuura ndakatyaira Civic neCVT, pakanga pasina matambudziko pachando. Iyo variator inonyatso hupfumi uye ine simba kupfuura muchina. Chinhu chikuru ndechokuti uzviwane mumamiriro akanaka. Zvakanaka, sevhisi inodhura zvishoma ndiyo mutengo wekutyaira mafaro.	Muchidimbu, iyo variator = hemorrhoids, mulka yekushambadzira yemotokari dzinoraswa.
Gore rechinomwe pane variator - ndege yacho yakanaka!	Iyo yekare pfuti yemuchina inovimbika kunge ak47, nafik varicos idzi

Sezvaunogona kuona, vanhu vakawanda vakaedza kukwira CVT kanenge kamwe, kana zvichibvira, regai kuramba mberi kubva mufaro uyu. Zvisinei, zviri kwauri kuti uite mhedziso.

Migumisiro

Iyo variator, kunyangwe yakaoma uye inodhura kuchengetedza, ichiripo nhasi kutapurirana kwakanakisa kumotokari dzine injini dzinopisa mukati. Uye nekufamba kwenguva, mutengo wemotokari dzakashongedzerwa nawo unongoderera, uye kuvimbika kwehurongwa hwakadaro kuchakura. Nokudaro, zvirambidzo zvakatsanangurwa zvichabviswa. Asi nhasi, usakanganwa nezvavo, uye shandisa muchina maererano nemazano emugadziri, uye ipapo bhokisi reSVT richashanda rakatendeka kwenguva yakareba pamwe nemuchina pachawo.