Ndeipi cetane nhamba yedhiziri?
Iyo cetane nhamba, seyakakosha paramende mune ehupfumi hwedhiziri mafuta, inoratidza hunhu hwayo maererano nehunhu hwedhiziri mafuta, yakakosha kune injini yedhiziri. Mune mamwe mazwi, iyo cetane nhamba inoenderana neye kuvesa kunonoka nguva yedhiziri mushure mejekiseni musilinda.
Sezvakaita nhamba yeoctane, iyo nhamba yeketane inoratidza kuti iyo yakakwira iyo nhamba, zvirinani iyo injini ichaita. Icho chokwadi ndechekuti kunyangwe mune ino kesi, zvese zvinoenderana nekugadzirwa kweinjini, uye kazhinji kacho nhamba yemaketeni inzira yekutengesa, uye kwete kuvandudzwa chaiko mukuita kweinjini.
Chinodiwa chikuru chemafuta kana iri injini yedhiziri kudzima kwayo kwakanaka mushure mejekiseni mucylinder. Zvisinei, nokuda kwekushanda kwakarurama kweinjini yedhiziri, iyo inonzi kunonoka kupisa. Ignition kunonoka ndiyo nguva inodarika pakati pejekiseni rehuni mukamuri yekupisa uye nguva yekubatidza pachayo. Iyi nguva inomiririrwa nenhamba yecetane. Kukodzera acc. nguva yekunonoka kwekudzima inotarwa nekugadzirwa kweinjini (chamber yekupisa) uye midziyo yejekiseni. Injini inopisa mafuta ine nhamba chaiyo yecetane inotanga zvakanaka, ine simba rakakwana, kushanda kwakanyarara uye kwakapfava, kushandiswa kwakaderera, uye kupera kwemagasi ane zviri nani emission composition. Yakanyanya kuderera cetane nhamba yemafuta edhiziri inotungamira kunonoka kudzima, uye panguva yekupisa, mafuta eatomu ari mukamuri yekupisa anenge atonyungudika zvishoma. Izvi zvinokonzeresa kuti mafuta anopfuta (mafuta akawanda kupfuura anodiwa) abve angobatidza, zvichikonzera kuti simba riri mukamuri rinopisa reinjini risimuke nekukasira. Izvi zvinotungamira kune yakanyanya ruzha kushanda kweinjini, kusaita zvakanaka kwekuchenesa uye kuderedzwa kwekubuda. Sezvineiwo, yakawandisa nhamba yecetane inokonzeresa kupfupika kwemoto kunonoka, izvo zvinoreva kuti mafuta haana nguva yeatomize zvakanaka uye anotanga kupisa padyo nemuromo. Izvi zvinotungamirira kune chokwadi chokuti makomba ayo akafukidzwa ne soot. Kusakwana atomization kunorevawo kusabatana kwakashata nemhepo, zvichikonzera kupisa kusina kukwana uye kuumbwa kwe soot.
Mazhinji emafuta edhiziri anoshandiswa pasi rese kutyaira epinjini anopisa epinjini ane cetane nhamba ingangoita 51-55. Yedu neEuropean zviyero zvinoda cetane nhamba ingangoita makumi mashanu neshanu, premium dhiziri kubva kune vamwe vagadziri inosvika kune cetane nhamba iri pakati pe51 kusvika 58 mayuniti. Nhamba inokodzera yecetane inoiswa neinogadzira injini yedhiziri uye pari zvino kukosha kuri pakati pe65 ne50. Nezve kudzikisira mweya, izvi zvakakosha zvinofanirwa kuwedzerwa zvishoma nezvishoma mune ramangwana, nekuwana magetsi kuri kukoshesa kwechipiri.
Kukosha kwenhamba yecetane inotsanangurwa zvakafanana nenhamba yeoctane yepeturu, kureva, chikamu chevhoriyamu yezvinhu zviviri. Yokutanga ndeye cetane (n-hexadecane C16H34) - cetane nhamba 100, inoratidzira kunonoka kupisa kwenguva pfupi, uye yechipiri - alpha-methylnaphthalene (C11H10) - cetane nhamba 0, inoratidza kunonoka kwenguva refu. Nayo pachayo, mafuta edhiziri akachena haana cetane yakawandisa, anoshandiswa chete mukuenzanisa kusanganiswa. Nhamba yecetane, yakafanana nenhamba yeoctane yepeturu, inogona kuwedzerwa nekuwedzera zvakakosha zvakadai sealkyl nitrate kana di-tert-butyl peroxide. Zvakare zvinonakidza hukama pakati peoctane uye nhamba dzecetane. Iyo yakakwirira nhamba yecetane yemafuta akapihwa ehydrocarbon, inodzikira nhamba yayo yeoctane. Zvakasiyana, iyo yakaderera nhamba yecetane, iyo yakakwirira nhamba yeoctane.
Mibvunzo nemhinduro:
Chii chinonzi octane chiyero chemafuta edhiziri? Diesel fuel cetane number inofanira kuva 45-55. Muchiitiko ichi, injini ichaita zvakakwana. Iine nhamba yecetane pazasi makumi mana, kupisa kunononoka kunonoka, uye mota inopera zvakanyanya.
Ndeipi nhamba ye octane ye pure peturu? Gasoline inowanikwa ne distillation uye kusarudzwa kwezvimwe zvikamu zvemafuta panzvimbo yekuvira mukati me100-130 degrees. Ese aya peturu ane nhamba yakaderera octane. Iyo yepamusoro-soro RON (65) inowanikwa kune yakatwasuka-run peturu kubva kuoiri kubva kuAzerbaijan, Sakhalin, Krasnodar Territory neCentral Asia.
Nzira yekuwedzera sei octane nhamba yemafuta? Nokuda kweizvi, paraffinic uye inonhuhwirira hydrocarbons yechimiro chebazi inowedzerwa kune peturu. Izvi zvinhu zvinosanganisirwa mune zvimwe zvinowedzera.
Ndeipi hydrocarbon ndiyo inotaura nezve nhamba yecetane yemafuta edhiziri? Iyo yega hydrocarbons hexamethyldecane (cetane) uye alpha-methylnaphthalene inoshandiswa seyero. Nhamba dzavo dzecetane i100 uye 0, zvichiteerana.
