Saizi yemavhiri inokanganisa sei kutyaira mashandiro uye kuita kwemotokari
Zviri mukati
Hembe dzinogadzira murume, mavhiri anoita mota. Kwemakore akawanda, zviri pachena kuti nhamba huru yevatyairi vanotyaira. Asi vamwe vakatoenda mberi, vachitevera motto: "Iyo yakakura uye yakakura, iri nani." Ichokwadi here? Ngatitarisei dambudziko mune zvakadzama uye titsanangure zvakanakira/zvakaipira zvemhando yakamanikana matayi uye sarudzo yakafara matayi.
Madhisiki anowanikwa nhasi mumhando dzakasiyana-siyana, hukuru, mavara, saka nhengo inogona kufarira inonzwa inogona kutora chero chinhu chipi zvacho chichaenderana nababa vavo. Nokudaro, data iri mupepa re data uye nzvimbo iri pasi pemapapiro inoramba ichingogumira. Muchokwadi, zvisinei, pane zvipingamupinyi zvakati kuti, kana zvikafuratirwa, zvinogona kukanganisa zvakanyanya kuita kwekutyaira, kutyaira kunyaradza kana kuchengetedzeka. Inofanirawo kutakurwa mupfungwa kuti mavhiri ndiyo chete nzvimbo yekusangana kwemotokari nemugwagwa.
Kurema kwevhiri
Vashoma vanhu vanofarira akanaka uye muhombe bhasikoro vachazvibvunza mubvunzo uyu. Panguva imwecheteyo, huremu hwevasina kusimba hune hunhu hwakakosha pakuita kwekutyaira nekubata mota. Zvakare, kuderera kwesimba re inertia revhiri rinotenderera kunowedzera simba rekumhanyisa uye kudzikisira. Kana iri shanduko muhukuru hwe 1 inch (inch), huremu hunowedzera hushoma, kana kuri kuwedzera kwemasendimita maviri kana kudarika, huremu hunorema hunonyanya kutaurwa uye hunosvika makirogiramu akati wandei. Ehezve, izvo zvinhu izvo dhisiki rakagadzirwa rinofanirwa zvakare kutariswa.
Fizikisi yakapusa yakakwana kutsanangura iro rakakosha basa rehuremu hwemavhiri. Iyo kinetic simba revhiri rinotenderera rinowedzera zvakaenzana nekumhanya kwekutenderera.
Ek = 1/2 * I * ω2
Icho chokwadi chekuti ichi chihombe huwandu hunogona kuratidzwa nemuenzaniso wekutenderera mavhiri ebhasikoro. Ivo vakareruka, asi kana vakatenderera pane imwe nhanho yekumhanyisa, vanogona kubata bhasikoro nemunhu mukuru munzira yakatwasuka pasina kubata kana kutyaira. Icho chikonzero ndicho chinonzi gyroscopic mhedzisiro, nekuda kwekuti iko kuchinjisa mafambiro ekufamba kwakanyanya kuoma, iko kumhanyisa kumhanya kwekutenderera kwevhiri.
Izvo zvakafanana nemavhiri emotokari. Iyo inorema ivo, zvakanyanya kuoma kuchinja shanduko, uye isu tinoona izvi seinonzi simba kutungamira. Mavhiri anorema anoitawo kuti zvinyanye kuomesa kufambisa mafambiro avo kana vachipfuura mapundu. Zvinotora zvakare simba rakawanda kutenderedza kana kutenderera. braking.
Simba remotokari
Iyo dhayamita upamhi zvakare ine diki mhedzisiro pane ine simba simba musimba kuita. Nzvimbo yakakura yekutaurirana inoreva kumisikidza kuramba kumisidzana kana uchishandisa iyo imwecheteyo yekutsika. Izvi zvinonyanya kuzivikanwa neinjini dzisina kusimba, uko kumhanyisa kubva ku0 kusvika 100 km / h kunogona kuderedzwa nezvikamu zvishoma zvegumi zvechipiri. Muchiitiko cheinjini dzine simba, uyu mutsauko hauna basa.
Mune zvimwe zviitiko (zvine injini dzine simba) izvi zvinokonzeresa kupokana, sezvo vhiri rakakura riine nzvimbo yakakura yekubatana nemugwagwa, uyo unoratidzwa nekutsvedza kushoma panguva yekumhanyisa yekumhanyisa uye nekudaro zviri nani zvichikonzera kumhanyisa.
Maximum speed
Iyo dhayamita upamhi inobatawo kumhanya kwepamusoro. Nekudaro, mune ino kesi, mhedzisiro yekukwirisa kukwikwidza kushomeka ishoma pane mamiriro ekuwedzera. Izvi zvinodaro nekuti kumwe kumisidzana nekufamba kunoitika, uye kushorwa kwakanyanya kunoitika pakati pemhepo yemuviri, asi zvakare pakati pemavhiri pachawo, anomuka nekwere yekumhanyisa.
Braking marefu
Panzvimbo dzakaomeswa, yakawedzera dhayi, kupfupika chinhambwe chemabhureki. Musiyano uri mumamita. Izvozvowo zvinogona kutaurwa nezve kunyorova mabhureki sezvo paine dzimwe nzvimbo diki diki (micheto) yeiyo yekutsika maitiro ichikwiza pamusoro penzira.
Mamiriro ezvinhu akapesana anoitika kana mota ichityaira/kubhurekidza panzvimbo yakanyorova ine mvura inoenderera mberi. Kuwedzera hupamhi hwetairi kunoderedza kudzvinyirirwa chaiko kwetairi mumugwagwa uye kunobvisa mvura kubva pakusangana kwakaipa. Iyo nzvimbo hombe yevhiri rakafara inoda kutakura yakaringana mvura yakawanda, iyo inowedzera uye yakawanda yedambudziko sezvo kumhanya kunowedzera. Nokuda kwechikonzero ichi, matai akafara anotanga kare kare, iyo inonzi Swim - hydroplaning paunenge uchityaira mudziva hombe, sematairi maduku, kunyanya kana kutsika kwevhiri guru kwakapfekwa zvikuru.
Maneuverability
Panzvimbo dzakaoma uye dzakanyorova, matai akakura ane nhamba diki yeprofile (zviyero zvidiki uye kuomarara kwemadziro) anopa kukweva kuri nani. Izvi zvinoreva zvirinani (nekukurumidza uye kupinza) kubata nekuchinja kwakapinza kwegwara, sezvo paine zvakanyanya kushoma deformation pane nemuviri diki kana diki. standard tai. Kudhonza kurinani kunogumawo nekuchinja kwemuganho wekugera panguva yekukurumidza kukona - yakakwira g-value.
Sezvakaita braking, iyo inopesana nemamiriro ezvinhu inoitika pane yakanyorova pamusoro kana munzira yakanyorova. kana uchityaira muchando. Mumigwagwa yakadaro, matai akapamhamha anotanga kutsvedza uye kutsvedza nguva yapfuura. Matai ekudimbudzira anoita zvirinani mune izvi, sezvo zvishoma mvura kana chando zvinonamira pasi pekutsika. Izvo zvinopera pasina kutaura kuti kuenzanisa matai nerudzi rwakafanana uye kutsika ukobvu.
Kushandiswa
Iyo upamhi hwetairi zvakare ine hunhu hwakakosha pamafuta ekushandisa emota. Inonyanya kuzivikanwa mumainjini asina kusimba, uko kune simba rinotarisirwa kunofanirwa kumanikidza chinowedzera chinowedzera. Panyaya iyi, kuchinja tai kubva pa15 "kusvika pa18" zvinogona zvakare kureva kuwedzera kwemafuta mukushandisa neanopfuura gumi%. Kazhinji, kuwedzera kwe dhayamita dhayamita ye10 inch uye inoenderana inowedzera muutai hupamhi zvinoreva kuwedzera kwemafuta ekushandisa angangoita 1-2%.
Kutyaira kwakanaka
Matai akaderera ane huwandu hwepamusoro (akajairwa) anonyanya kukodzera kutyaira mumigwagwa ine hurombo. Kureba kwavo kukwirira kunokanganisa uye kunotora zvisirizvo zvemumigwagwa zvirinani.
Panyaya yeruzha, vhiri rakapamhama rinongoita ruzha zvishoma pane rakapfava mwero. Kune mazhinji matai ane imwecheteyo yekutsika maitiro, uyu mutsauko hauna basa.
Speed kumhanya pane imwechete injini kumhanya
Pamusoro pezvinhu zvataurwa pamusoro apa, saizi yematairi shanduko inogona kukanganisa kumhanya kwemotokari pane imwechete injini kumhanya. Mune mamwe mazwi, pane imwechete tachometer kumhanya, mota inofamba nekukurumidza kana zvishoma. Kukurumidza kutsauka mushure mekuchinja kwetira acc. disks dzakasiyana muzana. Ngatiteedzerei muenzaniso pane Škoda Octavia. Tinoda kuchinja mavhiri 195/65 R15 kusvika 205/55 R16. Iyo inokonzeresa shanduko mukumhanya zviri nyore kuverenga:
Matairi 195/65 R15
Saizi inoratidzwa, semuenzaniso: 195/65 R15, apo 195 mm ndiyo hupamhi hwevhiri (mu mm), uye 65 ndiyo kureba kwetai sechikamu (kubva padhayamita yemukati kusvika kunze) maererano nehupamhi hwevhiri. R15 ndiyo dhayamita yedhisiki mumainch (inchi imwe yakaenzana ne25,4 mm).
Kureba kweTire v tinotenda v = upamhi * chimiro "v = 195 * 0,65 = 126,75 mm.
Tinoverenga nharaunda ye diski mumamirimita r = dhayamita dhayamita * 25,4 / 2 "r = (15 * 25,4) / 2 = 190,5 mm.
Nharaunda yegumbo rose iri R = r + v »126,75 + 190,5 = 317,25.
Denderedzwa rakatenderera O = 2 * π * R "2 * 3,1415 * 317,25 = 1993,28 mm.
Matairi 205/55 R16
v = 205 * 0,55 = 112,75 mm.
r = (16 * 25,4) / 2 = 203,2 mm.
R = 112,75 + 203,2 = 315,95 mm.
O = 2 * 3,1415 * 315,95 = 1985,11 mm.
Kubva pane maverengero ari pamusoro, zvinogona kuoneka kuti vhiri rinoita kunge rakakura 16-inch vhiri ishoma mamm madiki. Nokudaro, kubvumirwa kwepasi kwemotokari kunoderedzwa ne 1,3 mm. Mhedzisiro pamhanyiro inokonzeresa inoverengerwa neformula Δ = (R2 / R1 - 1) * 100 [%], uko R1 ndiyo yekutanga vhiri radius uye R2 ndiyo itsva vhiri radius.
Δ = (315,95 / 317,25 – 1) * 100 = -0,41%
Mushure mekuchinja matai kubva pa15 "kusvika pa16", kumhanyisa kwacho kuchadzikiswa ne0,41% uye tachometer icharatidza kumhanya kwe0,41% pakukwirisa kumwechete kupfuura pane "matayi" gumi neshanu.
Mune ino kesi, shanduko mukumhanya haina basa. Asi kana isu tikachinja, semuenzaniso, kana tichishandisa mavhiri kubva pa185 / 60 R14 kusvika 195/55 R15 pane Škoda Fabia kana Seat Ibiza, kumhanyisa kuchawedzera neinenge 3%, uye iyo tachometer icharatidza 3% kushoma kumhanya panguva imwechete kumhanya kupfuura mune matai 14 ″.
Uku kuverenga ingori muenzaniso wakareruka wemhedzisiro yematanho etairi. Mukushandisa chaiko, kuwedzera kune saizi yemarimu uye matairi, shanduko mukumhanya inokanganiswawo nekudzika kwekutsika, inflation yematai uye, zvodii, kumhanya kwekufamba, kubvira pakumonoka tai deform panguva yekufamba zvichienderana kumhanya. uye kuomarara kwechimiro.
Chekupedzisira, pfupiso yezvakanakira nekukanganisa kwematai makuru uye akapamhamha pamusoro pemasikisi akaenzana.
| kubata zviri nani mumigwagwa yakaoma uye yakanyorova | Kuita zvakashata kutyaira (kubata, braking, kubata) pane yakafukidzwa nesinou kana yakafukidzwa nemvura |
| kubata kwakanaka kwemotokari mumigwagwa yakaoma uye yakanyorova | kutaridzika kwekuyerera kwepasi kumhanya kwakaderera |
| zvirinani mabhureki zvivakwa mumigwagwa yakaoma uye yakanyorova | kuwedzera mukushandisa |
| kunyanya kugadzirisa dhizaini yemota | kudzikira kwekutyaira kunyaradza |
| kunyanya yakakwira mutengo uye huremu |
