Maitiro anoita mugadziri pamubhadharo wemutengi: gumi sarudzo

 

"Mota inogona kunge iine chero ruvara, asi pachinzvimbo chekuti nhema", -

akadaro Henry Ford nezve yake yakakurumbira Model T. Uyu ndiwo muenzaniso wekutanga wehondo yekusingaperi pakati pevagadziri nevatengi. Iyo automaker, chokwadika, inoedza kusevha mari yakawanda sezvinobvira kumutengi, asi panguva imwechete inovavarira kuita zvese kuita kuti mutengi aifarire.

Yemazuva ano auto bhizinesi izere nemienzaniso yekuchengetedza iyo iri kure nekukuvadza uye kunyange kuenda padivi kune iye asingafungidzi muridzi. Mafambiro akajairika ndeekuti mota dziwedzere kuoma kugadzirisa. Heino runyorwa rwezvikamu gumi zvakajairika zveuchapupu.

1 Aluminium block

Linerless aluminium mabhureki anoderedza injini inorema. Iyi dhizaini ine imwe bhenefiti: aruminiyamu ine yakanyanya kudziya inoitisa kupfuura simbi yakakandwa. Iyo humburumbira masvingo muinjini yakadai akafukidzwa ne nikasil (chiwanikwa chesimbi, aluminium uye carbides) kana alusil (ine yakakwira silicon yezviri mukati).

Kuita kweinjini yakadaro kwakanakisa - yakareruka, ine yakanakisa cylinder geometry nekuda kwekushomeka kwemafuta. Zvisinei, kana kugadziriswa kukuru kuchidiwa, mhinduro chete ndeyokushandisa mashizha ekugadzirisa. Izvi zvinoita kuti kugadzirisa kudhure zvichienzaniswa neyakafanana simbi yakaumbwa.

2 Valve kugadzirisa

Injini zhinji dzemazuva ano dzinoda nzira isingafadzi, yakaoma uye inodhura ine mileage inosvika 100-120 zviuru zvemakiromita: kugadziridza vharuvhu. Chokwadi, kunyangwe mayuniti emamodheru anodhura ane huwandu hwekushanda hweanopfuura 2 litita anogadzirwa pasina anosimudza hydraulic.

Nechikonzero ichi, zvakakosha kuti nguva nenguva kusimudza camshafts uye kutsiva ekugadzirisa macaps. Izvi hazvingoshandi chete kumabhajeti mota dzakadai seLada neDacia, asiwo kuNissan X-Trail ine injini yayo ine simba yeQR25DE. Pafekitori, kumisikidzwa kuri nyore, asi inova nzira inonetsa uye isina kusimba kana ichiitwa nenzvimbo yebasa.

Dambudziko dzimwe nguva rinotokanganisa injini dzine cheni, dzinofungidzirwa kuti dzakagadzirirwa hupenyu hurefu pamberi pekugadzirisa kukuru. Muenzaniso wakanaka ndewe injini yepeturu ye1,6-litre yemhuri yekwaHyundai neKia.

3 Kununura hurongwa

Dhizaini yeiyo yekuzadza system zvakare muenzaniso wakanaka wekuchengetedza zvinhu. Inowanzo gadzirwa muchimiro chehubhu refu, isingaparadzanisike iyo ine zvese zvinhu: kubva kune manifold uye chinoshandura chinogadziridza kuenda kune chikuru maficha.

Izvi zvinoshanda kune akawanda mamodheru senge iyo Dacia Dokker. Sezvingatarisirwa, mhinduro yakadai haina kunetsa kana zvichidikanwa kugadzirisa chimwe chete chezvinhu zvacho, semuenzaniso, kutsiva iyo isina kugadzikana, iyo inowanzo kutadza.

Kuti uite basa rekugadzirisa, unofanira kutanga wadimbura pombi. Chinhu chitsva chinobva chasunganidzwa kune yekare system. Imwe sarudzo kushandura kitu yese sezvo iri kutengeswa. Asi zvakachipa kumugadziri.

4 otomatiki kutumira

Hupenyu hwebasa hwemhando dzese dzekufambisa otomatiki zvinoenderana zvakanyanya netembiricha yavo yekushandisa. Nekudaro, vagadziri vanowanzo deredza iyo driveline kutonhora system - kuchengetedza mari, hongu.

Izvi zvinoitwa kwete chete pane bhajeti mota dzemaguta, asi zvakare dzimwe nguva pane makuru crossovers, ayo anowanzo kuve nekushushikana kwakanyanya pane drivetrain. Zvizvarwa zvekutanga zveMitsubishi Outlander XL, Citroen C-Crosser uye Peugeot 4007 mienzaniso yakanaka.

Vakavakwa pachikuva chimwe chete. Kubva 2010, vagadziri vakamira kuwedzera zvinotonhorera kuJatco JF011 drivetrain, zvichikonzera kupetwa katatu kwezvichemo zvevatengi. VW's 7-speed DSG, uye kunyanya iya inoshandiswa neFord Powershift, yaivewo nematambudziko neyakaomarara.

5 Chassis

Vamwe vagadziri havatanidze iyo shaft dhiraivha uye inotengeswa chete mune seti ine majoini maviri. Panzvimbo pekutsiva chinhu chakakanganisika chete, muridzi wemota anofanira kutenga kititi nyowani, inogona kuita mari inosvika kumadhora chiuru.

Zvakaipisisa pane zvese, sarudzo iyi inowanzo shandiswa kumabhajeti mota, ayo varidzi vanomanikidzwa kamwe kamwe kuita kugadzirisa pamutengo wakakwira zvakanyanya kupfuura iwo iwo mutengo wemamodheru ane rakakamurwa dhiraivhu, senge Volkswagen Touareg.

6 Hub mabheyaringi

Nekuwedzera, hub hub iri kushandiswa, iyo inogona kungotsiviwa nehubhu kana kunyangwe pamwe nehubhu uye brake disc.

Mhinduro dzakadai dzinowanikwa kwete muLada Niva chete, asiwo mumotokari dzemhando yepamusoro, senge yeCitroen C4 yazvino. Iyo yekuwedzera ndeyekuti zviri nyore kwazvo kutsiva iyo yese "node". Iyo yakashata ndeyekuti inodhura zvakanyanya.

7 Kuvhenekera

Masystem emagetsi emota dzazvino akaomarara zvekuti mugadziri ane mikana isingaverengeki yekukunda nekuchengetedza mari.

Muenzaniso wakanaka marambi emwenje, ayo mumamodeli mazhinji anoshandurwa neswitch isina kuregedza - kunyangwe simba rizere richidarika zana watts. Iyi ndiyo kesi, semuenzaniso, nemota dzakavakirwa paRenault-Nissan B100 chikuva (chizvarwa chekutanga Captur, Nissan Kicks, Dacia Sandero, Logan naDuster I). Navo, switch yemwenje inowanzotsva mushure memazana zviuru zvemakiromita.

8 Mwenje yemwenje

Maitiro akafanana anoshanda kumwenje. Kunyangwe kana paine kupaza kudiki pagirazi, iwe uchafanirwa kutsiva iwo ese magetsi, uye kwete chinhu chakatyoka. Munguva yakapfuura, mazhinji mamodheru, senge Volvo 850, aingobvumidza kutsiurwa kwegirazi nemutengo wakaderera kwazvo.

9 akatungamirira optics

Iyo ichangoburwa kurova iko kushandiswa kwemaLED panzvimbo yemabhuru. Uye izvi zvinoshanda kwete kwete chete kumasikati anomhanya mwenje, asi zvakare mwenje, uye dzimwe nguva kunyange kumashure magetsi. Dzinopenya zvakajeka uye dzinochengetedza simba, asi kana dhodhi rimwe rikatadza, mwenje wese wemwenje unofanirwa kutsiviwa. Uye zvinodhura kakawanda zvakapetwa kupfuura zvakajairwa.

10 Chassis

Dzinenge dzose dzemazuva ano mota dzinoshandisa inozvitsigira yega yega, ine chikamu chakakomberedzwa, icho chikamu chikuru chemuviri (madhoo, hood uye tailgate, kana iri hatchback kana chiteshi chengoro) chakabatanidzwa nemabhaudhi.

Zvisinei, pasi bhamba pane unodzivirira pakapuranga, izvo deforms pamusoro rova ​​uye absorbs simba. Pamazhinji mamodheru, yakasungirirwa kunhengo dzedivi. Nekudaro, mune vamwe, senge yekutanga Logan neNissan Almera, yakasungirirwa yakananga kune chassis. Izvo zvakachipa uye zviri nyore kumugadziri. Asi edza kuzvitsiva mushure mekurohwa kwechiedza.