Zita rakakosha mazwi mazana masere: McLaren Senna

Sezvo iwe uchishamisika neasina kusarudzika maumbirwo eMcLarn's azvino Ekupedzisira (mamodheru akagadzirwa zvakanyanya kana kungoita zvekunakidzwa munzira yemijaho), tanga wafunga kuti ichangoerekana yanyongana mune imwe nzira yerobhoti inoshandura inouraya ine zvinhu zvakawanda zvemuchadenga mumuviri wayo. ... Saka iyi haina mitsara yakachena inowanikwa pamotokari senge McLarna 720S uye P1. Panguva imwecheteyo, zvinofungidzirwa kuti vagadziri vakaburitsa mutauro wakasarudzika mukutsvaga kwavo mafomu ehupenyu, ayo avakaedza kupa mota hunhu hwakakwana. Hapana kana tambo imwe chete pamuviri iyo isingavhiringidzwe nemhepo yekudya. Nekudaro, zviri pachena kuti kana vachigadzira mota, vagadziri vakatsvaga mashandiro akanaka, kwete runako.

Brand yeBritish ndiyo yaive yekutanga kugadzira Fomula 1-seater mota kubva kabhoni fiber (MP4 / 1 kubva muna 1981), pamwe neyekutanga mota yemugwagwa (F1 kubva muna1990) zvachose kubva kuchinhu chakareruka ichi. Kubva ipapo, McLaren akashandisa mhando iyi dhizaini munzira dzese dzemotokari. Senna ndiyo yakapusa pari zvino. Inorema chete 1.198 kg, inova makirogiramu mazana maviri pasi peiyo P200 hypersport mota (iyo hybrid system inorema) uye 1 kg iri pasi peiyo 85S, iyo inogona zvakare kunzi yakachengetedzwa pazvinhu zvakawanda uye neinenge isina chinhu mukati.

McLaren Senna haasi kupusa chero munhu nekutaura kuti mota yakagadzirirwa kushandiswa kwezuva nezuva. Iyo yemhando yepamusoro mota yekumhanya, iyo McLarne yaakakwanisa kunyoresa kuti ishandiswe mumugwagwa chete mushure mekuedza kukuru uye kutaurirana. Kuti zvijekese, ingo tarisa kune hofori rakapetana kaviri fender kumashure, kunyangwe ikasapfuura kumberi kwekumucheto kwemotokari.

Paunosvika pedyo naSenna, zvese zvinoshanda zvinotyisa (kutanga neambotaurwa nezvakashata kupenya) - uye kunyangwe asati asimuka. Ehe, kunyangwe paine mukana wekuivhura mushure meiyo Estoril yengano, isu hatizozvipotsa. Pakupedzisira, mazana mashanu emakopi akarongwa akatengeswa kunze (inenge miriyoni imwe yemaeuro pamotokari) kunyangwe mapepanhau ekutanga asati aburitswa. Izvi zvinogona kungoreva kuti vatengi vakapfuma vaitarisira chaizvo kuisa maoko avo pa "mwana" wavo mutsva. Uye mushure mekutanga kwekutanga, tinogona kukuvimbisa kuti vaive nechikonzero chakanaka cheizvi.

Patinokwira nemusuwo unovhura kumusoro, takapfeka zvakakodzera masutu emujaho, magirovhosi, uye ngowani, kupomba kwedu kunokurumidza. Basa iri riri nyore kupfuura vamwe vakwikwidzi, sezvo musuwo, unorema makirogiramu mapfumbamwe chete, kana hafu saizi yemusuwo waMcLaren P1, unokwidzawo yakawanda yedenga panguva yekuvhura. Jongwe remuchadenga rinotongwa neakaonekwa kabhoni fiber uye Alcantara uye yakavakirwa kwakatenderedza monocoque McLarn yakambovakwa, inonzi Monocage III. Jongwe rakasiyana zvakare pakuti rakabviswa pane zvese zvisingadiwe kuti uwane masimba akanakisa ekutyaira uye kumhanya kwakanyanya. Iko kumberi kwekutarisa kwakanaka, izvo zvakajairika kuMcLarne, zvirinani kupfuura iyo yekuona mativi, uko inoganhurirwa nepurasitiki yakajeka mumukova, iyo inogona kutsiviwa negirazi (asi inorema) magirazi egirazi pamadiro. Kutarisa kwekumashure kwakatonyanya kusimba neakatsiga masisitimu kumashure kwekati uye hofori yemagetsi inodzora kabhoni fiber bapiro repashure iro rinorema makirogiramu mashanu chete asi rinogona kumira kumanikidza kwemuchadenga zvine simba zvakapetwa kazana.

Kana mutyairi awana bhatani rekutanga reinjini rakakwidzwa pamusoro pehwindo rekumisa kudzora pamberi pevatyairi zvakanyanya sezvazvinogona kune avo vakanyatso fanira kudzora kufamba kwemota, inguva yekutanga maminetsi gumi nemashanu akakurumidza ehupenyu, anogona ivai padhuze nekuve izvo Pink Floyds yakambodaidza "kurasikirwa kwepfungwa nekukasira." Kumashure kwemutyairi kune turbocharged ina-litre peturu V15 ine huwandu hwakawanda hwe8 kilowatts kana dzinenge mazana masere "horsepower" uye torque ye597 Newton metres, iyo michina yeaerodynamic padhuze nemota, pamusoro nepazasi, inofanira kubatsira kukunda mataya ari iyo asphalt. Iyo yekumanikidza yekumanikidza inosvika (zvakare) 800 kilograms pamakiromita mazana maviri nemazana mana paawa apo mota iri muRace mode. Dai kwaive kusiri kwekubatana pakati pemotokari uye neyakajairwa racer kubva kunaani (mukutsvaga zita remugwagwa wakanakisa (zvisingaite) mujaho wepamutemo mota munyika) McLaren akakwereta zita rayo, Senna angadai akazodaidzwa kuti McLaren. 800S.

Iyi aerodynamic mhedzisiro ndeye 40 muzana yakakwirira kupfuura iyo McLaren P1 (zvakare muRace mode). Kurerekera kwebapiro kunogona kuchinjwa nemutyairi (nerubatsiro rwekombuta, hongu) ne 0,3 madhigirii zvichienderana nekumhanya mumasekonzi 0,7-25 uye pachinzvimbo cheDRS (Drag Reduction System - hurongwa hwekudzikisa. aerodynamic drag, semuFormula 1) panzvimbo yakavhurika zvakanyanya inofamba ichienda kunzvimbo iyo inopa mota ine yakanyanya aerodynamic grip. Mamwe makiyi aerodynamic zvinhu zvinoshanda kumberi fender uye mapatya kumashure diffuser (ese kabhoni fiber, hongu) anogadzira vacuum pasi pemota. Sezvakaitwa neMcLarn P1, imwe yesimba guru rehunyanzvi reSenna ndeye hydraulic suspension (apo iyo hydraulic seketi inotsiva yakajairwa simbi zvitubu asi inochengeta zvitubu zvidiki zvekare kuti ive nechokwadi kumiswa kudiki) inoshanda neaerodynamics. Kana mutyairi asarudza Race modhi, mota inodzikisa masendimita mana pamberi uye masendimita matatu kumashure, izvo zvinopa muviri kutenderera uchifarira optimal aerodynamics. Kumiswa kwacho kwanyanya kuoma, vhiri redhiraivha rinodairira zvakanyanya uye chinomhanyisa pedal chakanyatso kurongeka kuitira kuti mutyairi awane dhamu chaiyo yesimba uye torque chero nguva. Izvo zvakakosha kuti titsanangure zvakadzama zvinoitika muRace modhi, sezvo isu tichigona kuishandisa chete mukati meiyo maminetsi gumi nemashanu ekutyaira paEstoril race track.

Iwo ekutanga mazana emamita mita anotipa chivimbo chekuti jongwe rinenge risina zvinhu zvinonzwika zvinonzwika zvatinoziva kubva kune dzimwe mota dzeMcLarn dzemumigwagwa uye dzimwe dzinenge dzakaomarara seFord GT yazvino, uye kuti mota inofambisa ruzivo kubva patara nekuita kunoshamisa . Zvingave zvinonakidza kuyedza mashandiro anoita chassis mumigwagwa yeruzhinji, asi kunyangwe nehuremu hwakanyanya hwekutyaira, hatina mubvunzo kuti Senna ichadzika munhoroondo semotokari yemigwagwa yeMcLaren isina kugadzikana yakambovakwa.

Matai akanga adziyirwa zvishoma munguva iyoyo, uye takawana mvumo kumutyairi ane ruzivo rwokuzviwanira (aichimbova nyanzvi yemijaho) yokuwedzera sipidhi apo motokari yairatidzika kuva isina hasha zvikuru kupfuura zvataitarisira. Asi sezvo kumhanya kunowedzera, unonzwa kuti chimiro chemuviri (kana… chimiro) chinoita kuti mhepo ifambe uko mainjiniya anodawo kuti ifambe. Asi kuhwina kunogara kuchifambira mberi, pasina kukwira kana kudonha kwakapinza, murudzi rwekufembera crescendo inorira nekumhanya. Iko kunoratidzika kunenge kushaikwa kwakakwana kweinertia (nekuda kwehuremu hushoma) panguva imwechete inowedzera pfungwa yekukurumidzira kune chero kukurumidza, kuderera kana shanduko yekutungamira. Hapana mubvunzo kuti iro rakawanda simba / kushoma huremu / yakawanda aerodynamic grip formula inopa yaunoda mhedzisiro. Uye izvo zvine simba rekufambisa rakanakisa reMcLaren yakambove nayo, yakasarudzika-yakagadzirwa Pirelli Trophy matayi ane nyowani rabha komboni iyo McLarn anoti inowedzera lateral acceleration ne0,2-0,3 Gs, uye braking system ine yakakosha kabhoni. ceramic coils. Sekureva kwaAndrew Palmer (Director of Development for the Ultimate Series), vanogona kushanda patembiricha iri 20 muzana inotonhorera pane yakajairika - 150 madhigirii, ichiita diki uye panguva imwe chete 60 muzana inoshanda kupfuura zvavari. .. ichiri kushandiswa kuMcLarn nhasi. Uye manhamba anoidzosera kumashure: Senna anouya kune akazara zana kph kumira mumamita mazana maviri chete, saka anokwanisa kuzviita 100 metres pamberi peMcLaren P200 (hongu, izvi zvimwe zvakakonzerwa nehukuru hweP16 hypersport). .

Nhamba? Vanogona kusataura nyaya yese, asi vanogona kubatsira zvikuru mukunzwisisa. Iyo imwechete yakareba kwenguva yakareba ina-litre twin-turbo V8 injini inoshandiswa naMcLaren mukumisikidza kwakasiyana siyana (mune ino kesi, inovandudza 63 "bhiza" uye 80 Nm kupfuura iyo McLaren P1), inopa iyo yambotaurwa mubatanidzwa we800 x 2 "bhiza. mauto "uye Newton metres). Nekubatsira kwekumhanya kwazvo (asi pamwe zvisina hutsinye zvakanyanya kune vatyairi vanofanirwa kutyaira mota iyi), manomwe-anomhanyisa maviri-batira hutumira anoitumira kumavhiri ese mana. Panguva imwecheteyo, inoratidza zvinoshamisa mashandiro: 2,8 masekondi kusvika zana makiromita paawa kubva pakamira, 100 masekondi kusvika mazana maviri emakiromita paawa, 6,8 masekondi kusvika mazana matatu emakiromita paawa uye kumhanya kwepamusoro kwemakiromita mazana matatu nemakumi mana paawa.

Asi tichifunga kuti ndave nerombo rakaringana kuyedza mota senge Bugatti Chiron, Porsche 911 GT2 RS, kana kunyange mota yeFomula 1, nhamba hadzisi idzo dzakandifadza zvakanyanya nezveMcLaren Senna, zvakadaro. zvinonetsa mumuviri kubata masimba akareba akadaro uye akareba. Mune ino kesi, iwe unozoshamiswa nekureruka uko iyo mota inotyaira paanomhanya nhanho, ine yakasarudzika kugadzikana, kubata uye kunyatsoita, inosvika padanho iro rakaomera kunyangwe huropi hune ruzivo rwakakomba rwekutyaira bvunzo supercars pane anotsika matanho gaya. Hazvigone kunyorwa patsva pasina kupotsa mabhureki ekupinda mukona kana kuenderera nekumhanyisa, nekuti "chip chinotsiva" muhuropi hwemunhu hachigone kuitika nekukurumidza. Kutaurirana ndekwechokwadiwo: pakutanga, mota yakapotsa yakamira kanoverengeka isati yapinda mukona, nekuda kwekushandisa nguva isati yakwana mabhureki emhando yepamusoro (achibatsirwa neaerodynamics). Zvinonyadzisa, hongu, kunyangwe ini ego yangu yakandiregerera izvi, kunyanya kupihwa nguva pfupi yechikamu ichi pasina hanya nenguva.

Pakupera kweichi chakasarudzika chiitiko chiri kumashure kwevhiri remota isina kumhanyisa mota inomhanyirwa kuti ibude mumigwagwa yeruzhinji nguva nenguva, ndinogona kukuvimbisa kuti iyo McLaren nyowani inomhanya, inokurumidza uye isingatyi kupfuura munhu ari kumashure kwevhiri uyo ane pfungwa dzakakwana. Kuziva mota mumaoko ane hunyanzvi kunogumira nedenga chete. Denga chairo iro Ayrton Senna angangodaro anodada nemutero uyu kune hunyanzvi hwekutyaira.

Nyeredzi Mujaho muCockpit

Zvigaro zvemujaho zvinogona kufambiswa kumberi nekumashure uchishandisa maoko akatsvedza, uye mutyairi module yekuchinjisa nomwe-yekumhanyisa mbiri-batira kutapurirana inogona kufambiswa nechigaro chemutyairi. Iwo ma pedal akagadzika, makobvu, uye Alcantara-rakaputirwa nedhiraivhi harisi rinovhiringidza (riine manyorerwo ekushandura levers kumashure kwaro) uye inokwenenzverwa kukwirira kuitira kuti ugone kuwana nyore nzvimbo yekugara yakanyanya. Madhiraivha akakomberedzwa nemaviri akakwirira-resolution skrini anoratidza maturusi uye chimiro cheiyo infotainment system ine akajeka magirafu kuti mutyairi arambe akatarisa pabasa rake rekutyaira. Iyo dashboard inogona kutenderedzwa ichitenderedza axis yayo kuitira kuti ishanduke kuita tambo isinganetsi inoratidza mutyairi data rakakosha chete uye inotora nzvimbo shoma. Iwo mashoma slim kabhoni fiber anomhanyisa zvigaro akareruka kwazvo, imwe neimwe inorema chete 3,5 makirogiramu uye yakazara zvakazara mutasvi uye kumberi kwemitumbi yemutyairi, iyo inowedzera inochengetedzwa netambo nhanhatu dzemakwikwi emujaho. Iko hakuna mweya unodziisa, asi iwe unogona kuwana imwe pasina imwezve mutengo, senge iyo Bowers & Wilkins odhiyo sisitimu. Tichifunga kuti iyo yekutanga Senna yaive nemaviri chete maekisesaizi, zviri pachena kuti zvido zvevaridzi vatsva ndezvipi. Iyo yekumhanyisa mamiriro mukamuri kabhini inozopedzisira yasimbiswa neiyo ine chinwiwa chinwiwa system, iyo inoita kuti mutyairi asvike pakufamba nzendo refu panzira yemujaho.

Hydraulic kuturika inoshanda sei

Stiff mechanical coil zvitubu zvakatsiviwa paSenna ne hydraulic circuit. Kune zvitubu zvidiki, zvakapfava uye zvakapfava, asi chete padanho rekutanga rekutonga. Iyo sisitimu, iyo yakabatana kune manifold pama axles ese, inoita sechitubu chechitatu pakati pemavhiri ega ega. Kana vhiri rimwe chete rakaremerwa, reservoir inongozadzwa ne hydraulic fluid kubva kune rumwe rutivi, iyo inodzivirira mhedzisiro yekumisa mota. Pakukona, dura harizadzi sezvo iyo hydraulic fluid inoyerera yakasununguka kuburikidza neaxle isingakanganise yakaonda. Nekudaro, kana mavhiri ese ari maviri akatakurwa paekisero imwe panguva imwe chete nekuda kwekukwevera pasi kana kureba kukwirisa kana kudzikisira, mvura inoyerera ichibva kumativi ese ichipinda mune yakawanda iyo inosangana nekupikiswa uye nokudaro inoderedza kusimudza kana kunyura. muviri. Panguva yebhureki, iyi maitiro akagadzirirwa kudzikamisa uye kudzivirira ekisero yekumberi kuti isagadzikane, nekudaro kuderedza kurerekera kumberi uye kupa zvirinani kudhonza kumavhiri ekumashure. Iyo reverse process inoitika kumashure kana ichimhanyisa - iyo sisitimu haimutenderi kuti agare kumashure uye anove nechokwadi chekuti mavhiri epamberi haaedze kubva paasphalt. Izvo zvakafanana zvinogona kuwanikwa kuburikidza ne mechanical nzira, asi iyo hydraulic system ine mamwe maviri mabhenefiti: kusiyanisa mota kureba kubva pasi uye kusiyanisa kusimira kuoma.

Kutasva kwaSenna kunhandare yemitambo yeEstoril kunoenderana nemotokari sezvo mutyairi weBrazil akatanga kuhwina Formula 1985 mugore re1 panhandare. Iwo manhamba anozvitaurira ivo pachavo: Senna yaingoita mashoma masekonzi matatu pane vatyairi veGT3 mumujaho wekupedzisira pane iyi nzira. munzira yemumhanyi, zvakare ine kumhanyisa kuri nani, braking, kudzikamisa uye kumhanya kupfuura inoshamisa McLarna P1 uye 720S.

+6 km / h pakupera kwetambo inoenderana neMcLaren 720S

Ndege braking ndeye 13 metres gare gare kupfuura iyo 720S uye 29 metres gare gare kupfuura iyo McLaren P1.

Tendeuka 5: +10 km / h (+ 0,12 G) saMcLaren 720S

Tora 13: + 8 km / h (+ 0,19 G) ye720S uye + 5 km / h yeP1