Test drive Honda Civic Type R: mota anatomy
Mharidzo uye kutyaira kweHonda Civic Type R muBulgaria ndechimwe chikonzero chekutendeukira kune musimboti weiyi modhi.
Mushure mekudzoka kune dombo kuFormula 1 uye imwe shanduko kubva kune zvakasikwa inoshuvira kuenda kune turbo-peturu zvikamu, kutsungirira kwemainjiniya eHonda kwava kuda kubhadhara. Mushure memakore ekubudirira mumutambo uyu wakasarudzika, vagadziri veHonda nevatungamiriri vakanzwa vaine hunyanzvi hwakakwana hwekuita kudzoka kwekukunda kunzvimbo. Asi zvinhu zvave zvakanyanya kuoma, uye majekiseni emazuva ano akananga-jekiseni, akasanganiswa neiyo hybrid system inoshandisa nzira mbiri kugadzira uye kuendesa simba, zvave zvakaoma. Zvinhu hazvina kutaridzika zvakanyanya kuvimbisa pakutanga, pakanga paine nyaya neiyo isiri-standard turbocharger uye marongero, zvichikonzera kuderedzwa kwesimba. Asi nekuunganidza nguva nekuvandudzwa kwehurongwa, kushandura marongerwo, zvinhu uye zvidzoreso, kugadzira nzira yekupisa nekamuri yekutanga, vakatanga kuwira munzvimbo. Kutanga mwaka unotevera, boka reRed Bull richagamuchira zvidyarwa zvemagetsi kubva kuHonda, uye ichi chiratidzo chokuti mainjiniya eJapan akakwanisa kupinda munzira chaiyo zvakare. Sezvo, nenzira, kakawanda munhoroondo yayo. Honda haisi kungotaura kwekufunga kweJapan, asiwo maonero ayo. Chaasingazomboregi kuve ari pamberi peinjiniya, ingave ichiunza purofiti yake yakakura kana kwete. Zvese zviri zviviri mumotorport uye munyika chaiyo, Honda inoratidza kuchinjika uye kugona kuchinja, uye hunhu hunochinja hwemotokari hunogara hwakasanganiswa neiyo brand inozivikanwa yakavimbika, kunyanya injini dzayo. Mhedziso pfupi yenhoroondo yetekinoroji yekambani, kutsvaga kweGoogle, kana peji iri nani yebhuku raAdriano Cimarosi rakajeka Iyo Yakazara Nhoroondo yeGrand Prix Motor Racing ichaburitsa chokwadi chinonakidza. Mumwaka wa1986/1987/1988, 1,5-litre turbocharged Honda injini dzaifambisa mota dzakaita saWilliams naMcLaren. Iyo 1987 vhezheni inonzi inosvika padanho repamusoro re1400 hp. mushanduro dzekudzidzira uye mumakwikwi anenge 900 hp. Aya mayuniti akaratidzawo kuti ndiwo anonyanya kushanda uye akavimbika. Nekudaro, ivo havana jekiseni rakananga, iro rakakosha kwazvo kune kusanganiswa kwakadaro kwekumanikidza uye tembiricha mumasilinda, asi vanogona kushandisa zvinhu zvisirizvo - mainjiniya eHonda, semuenzaniso, anotsiva zvinhu zvinoiswa pasi pekunetseka kukuru kwekupisa ne- zvese- ceramic kana kanenge ceramic coating. , uye zvikamu zvakawanda zvakagadzirwa ne-ultra-light alloys. Muna 1988, McLaren-Honda akakunda kukunda 15, uye Ayrton Senna akava shasha yenyika. Uye hechino chinhu chinonyanya kufadza - gore chete gare gare, Honda's ten-cylinder zvakasikwa aspirated injini inohwina zvakare. Zita rekuti Honda rakava scarecrow kumunhu wese uye rine mufananidzo uyu kusvika nhasi.
Kubva munzira huru kuenda munzira uye kumashure ...
Nekudaro, zvinorevei kubudirira mune motorsport, ingave iri paFormula 1, Indycar kana TCR maseketi, kunze kwekunakidzwa kwevateveri uye kuratidzwa kweruzivo rwehunyanzvi. Mushure mezvose, zvakakura kana kwete, kambani yega yega yemotokari inodanwa kugadzira mota, uye ruzivo nemufananidzo wemotorport hazvidzimiki pane izvozvo. Injiniya inogoneka kugona kweinjiniya. Zvisinei, panewo kuwirirana kwakananga pakati pe motorsport uye motokari dzemotokari - motokari dzemuganhu mune mamwe makirasi, akadai semakompakiti, ayo ane maitiro epamusoro emagetsi kune vanhu vanofarira kudzika kwechirevo che "kutyaira". Nekuchinja kudiki, vanoenda kumakwara uye vanokwikwidza pavari. Izvi ndizvo chaizvo zvakaita Civic Type R.
Iyo modhi nyowani inowoneka makore maviri chete mushure meiyo yapfuura, uye injini yayo iri munzira dzakawanda kusimudzira kweiyo yapfuura, asi mota yakanyatsosiyana munzira dzese. Icho chikonzero cheichi ndechekuti kukura kwayo kwakaenderera zvakafanana nekuvandudzwa kweiyo base modhi, iyo pachayo yakagadzirirwa kuve yakazara-yakazara mupi weiyo Type R.
Izvo, zvakare, chiratidzo chakanyanya kunaka kune akareruka mavhezheni eCivic. Zvechokwadi, vatengesi vanoita basa rinokosha pakugadzirwa kwemotokari - ingave turbocharger, magetsi ekugadzirisa maitiro uye jekiseni remafuta, zvikamu zvechasisi, zvinhu zvemuviri, uye kubva pakuona uku, basa remugadziri wemotokari rakaoma zvikuru. Mainjiniya ndivo vanogadzira maitirwo ekupisa ane zvinhu zviripo, kuverenga kutonhora kweinjini uye alloy marudzi, anosanganisa zvese neaerodynamics uye kusimba kwemuviri, kugadzirisa yakaoma master circuit equations ine mupi wemupi mupfungwa. Sezvo Elon Musk akazvipwisa, "bhizimisi remotokari ibasa rakaoma." Kunyatsotarisisa kunyangwe iyo yakasarudzika Tesla S ichakuratidza akasiyana akasiyana ekutaura uye kuratidza zvakare kuti yakaoma sei mota.
Honda Civic - mhando kutanga
Pamuviri weCivic Type R, iwe hauwane chero chinhu chakadai. Isu takatotaura nezve zvimwe zvinhu muzvinyorwa zveiyo dizeli vhezheni yemuenzaniso. Pano, isu tichangotaura chete kuti torsional kuramba yemuviri yakawedzera ne37 muzana uye static kukotama simba ne45 muzana nekuda kwemazinga epamusoro uye epamusoro-soro masimbi esimbi, maitiro matsva ekushongedza, mavakirwo ekamuri yevatakuri uye kutevedzana kwezvinhu zvakabatanidzwa pairi. . Kutsiva huremu hwakawedzerwa hwezvimwe zvikamu nekuda kwemasimba akanyudzwa, chivharo chepamberi chinogadzirwa nealuminium. Iyo MacPherson strut uye yakawanda-link yekumashure axle chinhu chinodiwa pakuita zvakanaka mumigwagwa, asi izvi zvakachinjirwa Type R. Yakashandura kumisa kwematemo eshank mabhaudhi uye kona yemavhiri, yakaita shanduko chaiyo ine chekuita nekudiwa kwekutapurirana kushoma kwekudengenyeka kubva ku torque kuenda kune chidhiraivho. Iyo yakaoma kinematics yevhiri inotarisirwa kuchengetedza kubata kwevhiri panguva yekuchinja kwekona yakashanduka, uye chikamu chezasi chezvinhu chakanyatsogadzirwa nealuminium. Iyo-nyowani-yakawanda-inongedzo yekumashure kumiswa zvakare inobatsira mukudzika-kumhanya, nepo track yakafara ichibvumira kune gare gare braking uye yakakwirira makona kumhanya. Maoko ekumusoro, epasi uye akarereka zvinhu zvine simba repamusoro zvakangofanana neRudzi R. Kuti ugovezve huremu hwemotokari, tangi yemafuta inofanira kutamiswa kuenda kumashure, ichidzikisa huremu hweekisero yekumberi ne3 muzana kana ichienzaniswa neyekare Civic. . .
Injini, iyo Honda
Nechega, iyo inohwina mubairo 2.0 VTEC turbo injini imwe Honda nyanzvi ine 320 hp. uye 400 Nm ye-two-litre displacement nekuvimbika kwaunoda pakutyaira kwemazuva ose uye kwemitambo. Iko kukakavara kukuru kunoitika mumotokari kunoitika pakati pemasilinda nemapistoni, uye Honda yakagara ichivimba nepamusoro-tech coatings kuderedza izvi. Iyo inozivikanwa VTEC system pano inotora mamwe mabasa akasiyana. Sezvo motokari inoshandisa imwe-jet turbocharger, mainjiniya anounza mavharuvhu emhepo akasiyana-siyana kuti ape gasi rinodiwa richiyerera zvichienderana nemutoro. Izvi zvinoteedzera kushanda kweiyo inoshanduka geometry compressor. Zvikamu zviviri zvekuchinja masisitimu anogadzirisa nguva yekuvhurwa zvichienderana nekuremerwa uye kumhanya, pamwe nekupindirana kwavo muzita remhinduro iri nani yeturbine uye kutsvaira gasi. The compression reshiyo ye9,8: 1 yakakwira zvakanyanya kune mota ine turbocharged ine yakakura kudaro, iyo inoshandisa yakakura kwazvo kugona mhepo kupisa exchanger. Kunyangwe kutapurirana kuri kwemuchina, zvemagetsi zvinoshandisa gasi repakati kana uchichinja magiya kuti aenderane nekumhanya kweinjini neshaft inoenderana. Oiri yekutumira pachayo, iyo inonatswa munzira yekuyerera kwemhepo, inotonhodzwa neintercooler yemvura.
Iyo exhaust system ine matatu nozzles zvakare yakanangana nekushanda kweinjini. Ichi hachisi chido chekuratidzira - imwe neimwe yemachubhu ine chinangwa chayo chaicho. Iwo machubhu makuru ekunze anopa kuyerera kwemagasi kubva muinjini, nepo mukati mechubhu inogadzirisa ruzha rwakagadzirwa. Kazhinji, chiyero chekuyerera chinowedzera ne10 muzana kana ichienzaniswa neyakatangira, uye izvi zvinoderedza kudzvinyirira kumashure muhurongwa. Ruzivo rwakadzama rweHonda rwekuyerera kwemasimba anowanikwa kubva kumidhudhudhu (uye kukosha kwazvo kune maviri-stroke injini) inobhadhara pano: kana ichimhanyisa, iyo yemukati chubhu inopa yakakura muchinjiko-chikamu. Nekudaro, pamutoro wepakati, kudzvanywa kwepakati pombi kunova kwakashata, uye sisitimu inotanga kusveta mweya kuburikidza nayo. Izvi zvinovandudza kuita ruzha uye zvinoita kuti kushanda kwakanyarara. Iyo imwechete-mass flywheel, iyo inoderedza inertia yeflywheel-clutch system ne25 muzana, inobatsira kukurumidza kupindura kweinjini. Iyo yakapetwa kaviri yemvura bhachi yakatenderedza yakasanganiswa exhaust manifolds inobatsira kukurumidza kudziya injini uye kunotevera kutonhora kwemagasi, ayo anochengetedza turbine.
Yakawedzerwa kune izvi mubatanidzwa weyakajairika Civic uye yakajairwa Rudzi R magadzirirwo. Iwo fender arches akawedzeredzwa kuti agare akakura, ekunze-akatarisana nemavhiri, iyo yepasi mamiriro ine yakazara aerodynamic yekuvhara, uye izvo zvinonzi. "Maketeni emhepo" nemapapiro mahombe ekumashure anokwanisa "kupatsanura" mhepo, ichigadzira yekuwedzera pasi kumashure. Iyo yekushandisa modes yekumisikidza adapta kuturika (iine solenoid vharuvhu iyo inodzora kuyerera kwemafuta uye kwakaparadzaniswa kudzora kwega vhiri), iko kuita kwemagetsi kupa uye kudhiraivha (iine magiya maviri) zvachinja Iye zvino Nyaradzo, Sport uye nyowani + R modhi zvakanyatso kure kure nemufambiro. Braking inopihwa nemana-piston brake calipers ane 350 mm disc kumberi uye 305 mm kumashure. Uye sezvo kuwanda kwesimba kwakadaro kwakaoma kudzora kana uchingoendesa kumberi ekisero, iyo yekupedzisira yakagadzirirwa musiyano wekuzvivhara honye, iri mhando chaiyo yemuviri.
Nekuda kweizvi, pamwe nekumiswa kumberi uye simba rakakwira, iyo Type R inomhanyisa zvirinani kupfuura vavakwikwidzi vayo vakananga seSeat Cupra 300, inoshanduka senge mota yekushanya iri munzira, ine hunhu hwakasimba hwemuviri uye mhinduro yakasimba. mudhiraivho. Nekudaro, iyo inochinja dampers uye inoshanduka mota inopa huwandu hwakakwana hwenyaradzo kunyangwe mune yakajairwa zuva nezuva kutyaira.
