kemikari joke
Acid-base indicators makomboni anoshandura mavara akasiyana zvichienderana nepH yepakati. Kubva muzvinhu zvakawanda zverudzi urwu, isu tichasarudza peya inozobvumidza iwe kuti uite kuyedza kunoratidzika kunge kusingagoneke.
Mamwe mavara anogadzirwa patinosanganisa mamwe mavara pamwechete. Asi tichawana bhuruu nekubatanidza tsvuku netsvuku? Uye zvakasiyana: tsvuku kubva pakusanganiswa kwebhuruu nebhuruu? Munhu wose achanyatsoti kwete. Chero ani, asi kwete kemisitiri, uyo basa iri haringavi dambudziko. Zvese zvaunoda iasidhi, hwaro, chiratidzo chitsvuku cheCongo, uye mapepa matsvuku nebhuruu litmus.. Gadzirira zvinogadziriswa zvine acidic mumabheki (semuenzaniso nekuwedzera zvishoma hydrochloric acid HCl kumvura) uye mhinduro dzinokosha (sodium hydroxide solution, NaOH).
Mushure mekuwedzera madonhwe mashoma eCongo red solution (mufananidzo 1), zviri mukati memidziyo zvinoshandura ruvara: asidhi inova yebhuruu, iyo alkaline tsvuku (mufananidzo 2). Nyura bepa reblue litmus mumhinduro yeblue (Pic 3) wobvisa bepa dzvuku re litmus (Pic 4). Kana yakanyudzwa mune yakatsvuka mhinduro, tsvuku litmus bepa (mufananidzo 5) inoshandura ruvara rwayo kuita bhuruu (mufananidzo 6). Saka, takaratidza kuti kemisitiri anogona kuita "zvisingabviri" (mufananidzo 7)!
Chinokosha pakunzwisisa kuedza ndiko kuchinja kwemavara ezviratidzo zvose. Kongo tsvuku inoshanduka kuita bhuruu muacidic solution uye tsvuku mualkaline solution. Litmus inoshanda neimwe nzira kutenderedza: ine bhuruu mumabhesi uye tsvuku mumaasidhi.
Kunyudzwa kwepepa rebhuruu (napkin yakanyoroveswa mune alkaline solution ye litmus; inoshandiswa kuona nzvimbo ine acidic) mumushonga wehydrochloric acid inoshandura ruvara rwebepa kuita rutsvuku. Uye sezvo zviri mukati megirazi zvaive bhuruu (mhedzisiro yekuwedzera Congo tsvuku kutanga), tinogona kugumisa kuti bhuruu + bhuruu = tsvuku! Saizvozvo: bepa dzvuku (bepa rekudzima rakaiswa ne acidic solution ye litmus; rinoshandiswa kuona alkaline nharaunda) mune mhinduro ye caustic soda inoshanduka bhuruu. Kana iwe wakambowedzera mhinduro yeCongo yakatsvuka kugirazi, unogona kurekodha maitiro ebvunzo: tsvuku + tsvuku = bhuruu.
