Iyo humburumbira musoro: inonyanya kukosha nezve chimiro, mashandiro uye malfunctions

Kubva pakavambwa yekutanga injini yemoto yemukati, iyo yuniti yakagadziriswa zvakawanda. Mudziyo wayo wakawedzerwa nzira nyowani, yakapihwa maumbirwo akasiyana, asi zvimwe zvinhu zvakaramba zvisina kuchinja.

Uye chimwe chezvinhu izvi ndeye humburumbira musoro. Izvo zvazviri, maitiro ekushandira chikamu uye chikuru kuparara. Tichafunga zvese izvi mune ino ongororo.

Chii chinonzi humburumbira mumotokari mumazwi akapusa

Musoro chikamu chechimiro chechina chemuchina wesimba. Iyo yakaiswa pamusoro peiyi cylinder block. Kuchengetedza kusimba kwekubatana pakati pezvikamu zviviri, bhaudhi inoshandiswa, uye gasket inoiswa pakati pavo.

Ichi chikamu chinofukidza masirinda ebhokisi kunge chivharo. Iyo gasket zvinhu zvinoshandiswa kuitira kuti hunyanzvi hwemvura husabudise panobatana uye nemagasi anoshanda einjini (mweya-mafuta musanganiswa kana magasi ekuwedzera akaumbwa panguva yekuputika kweMTC) asatiza.

Dhizaini yesirinda musoro inokutendera iwe kuti uise mukati mechimisikopo inoona nezve kuumbwa kweVTS uye kugoverwa kwechirongwa uye nguva yekuvhurwa kwemavheji ekudyira uye ekupedza. Iyi michina inonzi bhandi renguva.

Irisilinda musoro uripi

Kana iwe ukasimudza hood, iwe unogona kubva waona chivharo chepurasitiki muchikamu cheinjini. Kazhinji, dhizaini yayo inosanganisira yekudyira mweya yeiyo firita yemhepo uye module yefaira racho pachayo. Kubvisa iyo butiro kunovhura kupinda kune mota.

Zvakakosha kufunga kuti mota dzemazuva ano dzinogona kuve dzakashongedzwa dzakasiyana siyana. Kuti usvike kumota, unofanirwa kubvisa zvinhu izvi. Chimiro chikuru ndeche mota. Zvichienderana neshanduro, iyo unit inogona kuve nehurefu kana kutenderera kurongeka. Zvinoenderana nekutyaira - kumashure kana kumberi, zvichiteerana.

Chivharo chesimbi chakamisikidzwa pamusoro peinjini. Zvishoma zvakajairika ishanduko yakakosha yeinjini - mutambi wetsiva, kana sezvazvinonziwo "tsiva". Mune ino kesi, inotora chinzvimbo chakatwasuka, uye musoro unenge usiri pamusoro, asi padivi. Hatizofunge nezveinjini dzakadai, nekuti avo vane nzira yekutenga mota yakadaro havaite basa rekugadzirisa, asi vanosarudza sevhisi.

Nekudaro, muchikamu chepamusoro cheinjini yemukati yemoto pane chivharo chevhavha. Iyo yakagadzikwa pamusoro uye inovhara iyo nzira yekuparadzira gasi. Chikamu chiri pakati peichi chifukidzo uye chikamu chakakora cheinjini (block) ndiyo chaiyo cylinder musoro.

Chinangwa chemusoro wesilinda

Kune akawanda maburi ehunyanzvi uye maburi mumusoro, nekuda kwekuti chikamu ichi chinoita mabasa mazhinji akasiyana:

• Parutivi rwevhavha yakadonhedzwa, zvisungo zvinogadzirwa zvekuisa iyo camshaft (verenga nezve chinangwa uye maficha echinhu ichi. mune imwe wongororo). Izvi zvinogonesa kugoverwa kwakakwana kwezvikamu zvenguva zvinoenderana nesitiroko inoitwa nepiston mune imwe humburumbira;
• Kune rimwe divi, musoro une migero yekutora uye yekuwandisa manifolds, ayo akaiswa kuchikamu nenzungu nemapini;
• Kuburikidza nemakomba anoitwa mairi. Zvimwe zvakagadzirirwa kumisikidza chinhu, zvimwe zvekuisa inlet uye nzira yekubuda mavharuvhu. Kune zvakare matsime emakenduru ayo makenduru anomonerwa mukati (kana injini iri diziri, ipapo maplagi anopenya anokwenenzverwa mumakomba aya, uye imwe mhando yemakomba inoitwa padyo navo - yekuisa majekiseni emafuta);
• Padivi resirinda block, zororo rinoitwa munzvimbo yekumusoro chikamu chesilinda yega yega. Muinjini yakaunganidzwa, mhango iyi kamuri umo mweya wakasanganiswa nemafuta (kuchinjiswa kwejekiseni yakananga, kune mamwe ese akasiyana enjini iyo VTS inoumbwa mune yakawanda yekudyira, iyo zvakare yakagadziriswa pamusoro) uye kupisa kwayo kunotanga;
• Muimba yemusoro we cylinder, migero inoitirwa kutenderera kwehunyanzvi hwemvura - antifreeze kana antifreeze, iyo inopa kutonhora kweinjini yemoto yemukati nemafuta ekuzora zvikamu zvese zvinofamba zveyuniti.

Cylinder musoro zvinhu

Mazhinji enjini ekare aive akagadzirwa nesimbi yakakandwa. Izvo zvinhu zvine simba rakakwirira uye kuramba kune deformation nekuda kwekupisa. Iko chete kukanganisa kweiyo injini yemukati yemoto ndiko kurema kwayo.

Kugadzirira dhizaini, vagadziri vanoshandisa isingaremi aluminium alloy. Chidimbu chakadai chinorema zvishoma kudarika analogue yapfuura, iyo ine maitiro akanaka pane simba remotokari.

Imotokari yemazuva ano yemutakurwi ichave yakashongedzerwa neinjini yakadaro. Mhando dzedhiziri dzakasarudzika muchikamu ichi, nekuti yakanyanya kudzvanywa inogadzirwa mune imwe humburumbira yeinjini yakadai. Pamwe pamwe nekushisa kwakanyanya, ichi chinhu chinogadzira mamiriro asina kunaka ekushandisa maalloys mwenje asina kusiana musimba rawo. Mukutakura zvinhu, kushandiswa kwesimbi yekugadzira kweinjini kunosara. Iyo tekinoroji inoshandiswa mune ino kesi kurasa.

Chikamu dhizaini: chii chinosanganisirwa mumusoro wesirinda

Takatotaura pamusoro pezvinhu izvo zvakagadzirwa nesilinda musoro, zvino ngatiteerere kune chinhu cheiyo element. Musoro wesilinda pachawo unoita kunge chivharo chine mhango chine mazamu mazhinji nemakomba.

Izvi zvinobvumidza kushandiswa kwezvinotevera zvikamu nemaitiro:

• Gasi rekuparadzira mashandiro. Iyo yakaiswa muchikamu pakati pesilinda musoro nevhavha yevhavha. Mudziyo wekushandisa unosanganisira camshaft, yekudyira uye yekupedza sisitimu. Vharuvhu inoiswa mune yega gomba pane inopinda uye inobuda masirinda (nhamba yavo pasirinda inoenderana nemhando yebhanhire renguva, iro rinotsanangurwa zvakadzama mukudzokorora nezve dhizaini camshafts). Ichi chishandiso chinovimbisa kunyatso kugoverwa kwezvikamu zvekupa kweVTS uye kubvisa gasi kubvisa maererano nemavhiri einjini yechina-yekurova nekuvhura nekuvhara mavharuvhu. Kuti michina ishande nemazvo, dhizaini yemusoro ine yakasarudzika yekutakura magungano uko iyo camshaft bearings (imwe kana kupfuura) yakaiswa;
• Cylinder musoro gaskets. Ichi chinyorwa chakagadzirirwa kuona kuomarara kwekubatana pakati pezvinhu zviviri izvi (maitiro ekugadzirisa kugadzirisa kutsiva gasket zvinhu zvinotsanangurwa mune imwe yakatarwa chinyorwa);
• Unyanzvi migero. Iyo inotonhorera redunhu zvishoma inopfuura nemusoro (verenga nezve mota kutonhora system pano) uye zvakasiyana gadziriro yeinjini yemukati yemoto (ino sisitimu inotsanangurwa pano);
• Padivi iri remusoro wemusoro wemusoro, migero inogadzirwa yekudyira uye yekuwandisa manifolds.

Iyo nzvimbo yekumisikidza iyo nguva mashandiro inonziwo iyo camshaft bed. Inokwana mukati mezvinobatanidza zvinoenderana nemusoro wemotokari.

Ndeipi misoro

Iko kune akati wandei mhando dzeinjini misoro:

• Kune mavhavha epamusoro - anonyanya kushandiswa mumota dzazvino. Chigadzirwa chakadai chinoita kuti zvive nyore sezvinobvira kugadzirisa iyo unit kana kuigadzirisa;
• Kune yepazasi vharafu nzvimbo - inoshandiswa zvakanyanya kashoma, nekuti injini yakadaro inoshandisa mafuta akawanda uye haina kusiyana mukushanda kwayo. Kunyangwe dhizaini yemusoro wakadaro iri nyore kwazvo;
• Mumwe nemumwe humburumbira - hunowanzoshandiswa kwemasimba makuru, pamwe nedhiziri. Izvo zviri nyore kwazvo kuisa kana kubvisa.

Kugadziriswa uye kuongororwa kwemusoro wesilinda

Kuti injini yemoto yemukati ishande nemazvo (uye haizoshande isina humburumbira), mutyairi wese anofanirwa kutevedzera zviga zvekusevha mota. Zvakare, chinhu chakakosha kutevedzera mukati mekupisa injini yekushisa injini. Iko mashandiro emota anogara achibatana nekukwirira tembiricha uye kwakanyanya kumanikidza.

Shanduko dzemazuva ano dzinoitwa kubva pane chinhu chinogona kukanganisika pakudzvinyirira zvakanyanya kana injini yemukati inopisa. Kazhinji tembiricha mamiriro anotsanangurwa pano.

Cylinder musoro malfunctions

Sezvo injini yemusoro ichingova chikamu chekugadzirwa kwayo, kuparara kunowanzo shatisa kwete chikamu pachayo, asi michina uye zvinhu zvakaiswa mukati mayo.

Kazhinji kazhinji, iyo humburumbira musoro inobviswa panguva yekugadzirisa kana iyo humburumbira musoro gasket yakarohwa. Pakutanga kuona, kutsiva zvinoita senge iri nyore maitiro, kutaura zvazviri, maitiro aya ane hunyengeri hwakawanda, nekuti iko kugadzirisa kunogona kudhura. Maitiro ekunyatso shandura iyo gasket zvinhu zvakakumikidzwa kune akaparadzanisa ongororo.

Kukuvadza kwakakomba ndiko kuumbwa kwekutsemuka mune iyi kesi. Pamusoro pekusagadziriswa uku, vazhinji vanogadzira mota, vachitaura nezvekugadzirisa musoro, zvinoreva basa rinotevera rekugadzirisa:

• Tambo iri mutsime remakenduru yadambuka;
• Zvinhu zvemubhedha wecamshaft zvakasakara;
• Chigaro chevhavha chakapfekwa.

Kuputsika kwakawanda kunogadziriswa nekuisa ekugadzirisa zvikamu. Nekudaro, kana pakatsemuka kana gomba, musoro hauwanzo kuyedzwa kugadziriswa - unongotsiviwa neimwe nyowani. Asi kunyangwe pazviitiko zvakaoma, vamwe vanokwanisa kudzorera iyo yakaputsika chikamu. Muenzaniso weiyi vhidhiyo inotevera:

Cylinder musoro kugadzirisa kwakakodzera kuwelding welding yemakakatanwa nemahwindo pamuenzaniso weOpel Askona TIG cylinder musoro wemoto

Saka, kunyange zvazvo pakutanga pakuona hapana chinogona kuputsa mumusoro, matambudziko nawo anogona kuramba achivapo. Uye kana mutyairi akatarisana nedambudziko rakafanana, anofanirwa kushandisa mari pakugadzirisa zvinodhura. Kudzivirira izvi kuti zvisaitike, mota inofanirwa kuvhiyiwa muspare mode, uye simba remagetsi harifanirwe kupisa.

Mibvunzo nemhinduro:

Misoro yemasilinda inorongwa sei? Ichi chikamu chimwechete chakakandwa chakagadzirwa nealuminium alloy kana alloyed cast iron. Chikamu chezasi chemusoro wecylinder chakawedzerwa zvishoma kuti chibatane zvakanyanya ne block. Iyo inodiwa grooves uye inomira inogadzirwa mukati me cylinder musoro wekuisa iyo inodiwa zvikamu.

Musoro wecylinder unowanikwa kupi? Ichi chinhu chemagetsi unit chiri pamusoro pe cylinder block. Spark plugs anodzvanywa mumusoro, uye mumotokari zhinji dzemazuva ano zvakare majekiseni emafuta.

Ndezvipi zvisara zvinodiwa kugadzirisa musoro wecylinder? Zvinoenderana nemhando yekuputsika. Kana musoro wacho pachawo wakakuvadzwa, saka unoda kutsvaga mutsva. Kutsiva chimwe chikamu, senge mavharuvhu, camshafts, nezvimwewo, unofanirwa kutenga chinotsiva ivo.