Yemukati kupisa injini humburumbira musoro

Izwi rekuti "cylinder head" harina kuuya netsaona. Sezvakaita mumusoro wemunhu, zvakanyanya kuomarara uye zvakakosha zviito zveinjini yekupisa mukati inoitika mumusoro wecylinder. Musoro wecylinder saka chikamu cheinjini yekupisa mukati, iri muchikamu chayo chepamusoro (chepamusoro). Iyo inopindirana nemhepo ducts yekupinza uye kupera kwematurakiti, ine zvikamu zvemagetsi evhavha, majekiseni uye spark plugs kana plugs inopenya. Musoro wecylinder unovhara pamusoro pehumburumbira. Musoro unogona kuva mumwe weinjini yese, zvakasiyana kune imwe neimwe silinda kana zvakasiyana kune yakaparadzana mutsara wemasilinda (V-yakaita injini). Yakasungirirwa kune cylinder block ine screws kana mabhaudhi.

Cylinder musoro mabasa

• Inoumba nzvimbo yekupisa - inoumba nzvimbo yekumanikidza kana chikamu chayo.
• Inopa humburumbira kutsiva (4-sitiroko injini).
• Inopa kutonhorera kwekamuri rinopisa, spark plugs nemagetsi.
• Inovhara imba yekupisa gasi-yakasimba uye isina mvura.
• Inopa kuiswa kwepark plug kana injector.
• Inobata uye inotungamirira kupisa kwemhepo - high voltage.

Kuparadzaniswa kwemisoro yemirinda

• Cylinder misoro yemaviri-sitiroko uye ina-sitiroko injini.
• Cylinder misoro ye spark spark uye injini dzekutsvaira.
• Mhepo kana mvura yakanyorovera misoro.
• Vakaparadzanisa misoro yeimwe humburumbira, musoro weiyo-mutsetse kana V-yakaita injini.
• Cylinder musoro uye vharuvhu nguva.

Cylinder musoro gasket

Pane chisimbiso pakati pemusoro wesirinda nesirinda chinoisa mucherechedzo mukamuri yemoto mushe uye zvinodzivirira mafuta uye chinotonhorera kubva pakupukunyuka (kusanganisa). Isu tinokamura zvisimbiso mune izvo zvinonzi simbi uye zvakasanganiswa.

Simbi, kureva masevhisi emhangura kana ealuminium, anoshandiswa mune diki, kumhanya-mhanya, injini-dzakatonhora injini (scooter, maviri-sitiroko mudhudhudhu anosvika 250 cc). Injini dzinodzora-mvura dzinoshandisa chisimbiso chine graphite-rich organic fibers yakasungirirwa pachigadziko chepurasitiki chakatsigirwa pasimbi yesimbi.

Cylinder musoro kavha

Chikamu chakakosha cheiyi humburumbira musoro zvakare chifukidziro chinofukidza chitima chevhavha uye chinodzivirira mafuta kubva mukudonha kupinda munzvimbo yeinjini.

Main hunhu humburumbira musoro maviri-sitiroko injini

Iyo cylinder musoro yemaviri-sitiroko injini inowanzo kuve yakapusa, inotonhorera nemhepo (ine mbabvu pamusoro) kana mvura. Iyo yekutsva kamuri inogona kuenzana, biconvex kana kutenderera, kazhinji iine anti-kugogodza mukaha. Iyo tambo yemapulagi iri pane humburumbira axis. Inogona kugadzirwa kubva grey cast iron (yekare injini dhizaini) kana aluminium alloy (yazvino inoshandiswa). Kubatana kweiri-sitiroko injini musoro kune iyo cylinder block inogona kuvezwa, kupetwa, pamwe nekusunga masikuru, kana kunyangwe musoro-chidimbu.

Huru hunhu hwesirinda musoro weane-sitiroko injini

Dhizaini yemusoro yechina-stroke injini inofanirwa kupawo shanduko mukutamiswa kweinjini masilinda. Iyo ine inlet uye outlet chiteshi, zvikamu zvegasi kugovera michina inodzora mavharuvhu, mavharuvhu pachawo, pamwe nezvigaro zvavo uye madhairekitori, tambo dzekugadzirisa spark plug uye nozzles, chiteshi chekuyerera kwekuzora uye kutonhora midhiya. Ichowo chikamu chekamuri yekupisa. Naizvozvo, yakanyanya kuomarara mukugadzira uye chimiro kana ichienzaniswa nemusoro wecylinder wejini ine-maviri. Musoro we silinda weinjini yechina-stroke inogadzirwa kubva kungave grey-grained cast iron, kana alloyed cast iron, kana forged simbi - inonzi simbi yakakandwa kana aruminiyamu alloys emvura-yakatonhorera injini. Injini dzakatonhora nemhepo dzinoshandisa aruminiyamu alloys kana simbi yakakandwa. Cast iron inenge isati yamboshandiswa sechinhu chemusoro uye yakatsiviwa nealuminium alloy. Iyo yakasarudzika yekugadzirwa kwesimbi dzakareruka haisi iyo yakaderera huremu seyakanakisa thermal conductivity. Sezvo nzira yekupisa ichiitika muhumburumbira, zvichikonzera kupisa kwakanyanya muchikamu ichi cheinjini, kupisa kunofanirwa kuendeswa kune inotonhorera nekukurumidza. Uye ipapo aluminium alloy chinhu chakakodzera kwazvo.

Imba yekupisa

Iyo yekutsva kamuri zvakare yakakosha chikamu cheiyi humburumbira musoro. Inofanira kunge iri yechimiro chakakodzera. Zvinonyanya kudikanwa mukamuri yemoto ndeiyi:

• Kukwana kunogumira kupisa kurasikirwa.
• Bvumira kushandiswa kwehuwandu huwandu hwemagetsi kana saizi yakakwana yevhavha.
• Yakanakisa kuvhura iyo humburumbira yekuzadza.
• Isa kenduru munzvimbo yakapfuma kwazvo pakupera kwekusvina.
• Kudzivirira kugogodza kuvesa.
• Kudzvinyirira hotspots.

Izvi zvinodiwa zvakakosha nekuti kamuri yemoto inokanganisa kuumbwa kwemahydrocarbon, inosarudza mafambiro emoto, mafuta, ruzha rwemoto uye torque. Iyo yekutsva kamuri zvakare inogadza yakanyanya kukwirisa chiyero uye inokonzeresa kupisa kupisa.

Makamuri emoto anopisa

a - imba yekugezera, b - hemispherical, c - wedge, d - Asymmetric hemispherical, e - Herons mupiston

Inlet uye nzira yokubudisa

Ose mapiri ekudyira uye ekupedza anopera nechigaro chevhavha kungave kwakananga mumusoro weiyi humbwa kana nechigaro chakaiswa. Chigaro chevhavha yakatwasuka inoumbwa yakananga mumusoro zvinhu kana inogona kudaidzwa kudaro. mu-mutsetse chigaro chakagadzirwa zvemhando yepamusoro chiwanikwa zvinhu. Nzvimbo dzekutaurirana dzakanyatso pasi kusvika pasayizi. Iyo bevel angle yechigaro chevhavha inowanzo kuve 45 °, nekuti kukosha uku kunowana kusimba kwakanaka kana vharafu yakavharwa uye chigaro chiri chekuzvichenesa. Suves mavharuvhu dzimwe nguva anodzorwa pa30 ° kuitira kuyerera zviri nani munzvimbo yechigaro.

Magaidhi evharuvhu

Mavharuvhu anofamba mumaraini evhavha. Iwo mavhavha evhavha anogona kugadzirwa kubva kukanda simbi, aluminium-bronze alloy, kana kugadzirwa chaiko musilinda musoro zvinhu.

Mavharuvhu ari humburumbira musoro injini

Ivo vanofamba mumagwara, uye mavhavha pachawo anozorora pazvigaro. Iyo vharuvhu sechikamu chevharuvhu yekudzosera injini dzemukati dzemoto dzinoiswa pasi pechimakanika uye kupisa kupisa panguva yekushanda. Kubva pakuona kwema mechanical, ndiyo yakawanda kwazvo inoremerwa nekumanikidza kweflue magasi mukamuri yemoto, pamwe neuto rinodzora rinotungamirwa kubva kune cam (jack), iro simba risingaite panguva yekudzorera kufamba, pamwe ne mechanical kukweshera. ini pachangu. Thermal kushushikana kwakakoshawo zvakaenzana, sezvo vharuvhu inonyanya kukanganiswa netembiricha iri mukamuri yemoto pamwe netembiricha yakatenderedza inoyerera inopisa flue magasi (ekuwisira mavharuvhu). Ndiwo mavharuvhu ekunyanyisa, kunyanya mumainjini akakwenenzverwa zvakanyanya, ayo anowoneswa nemitoro yakanyanya, uye tembiricha yemuno inogona kusvika 900 ° C. Kupisa kunogona kuendeswa kuchigaro nevhavha yakavharwa uye kune iyo vharuvhu. Kuchenesa kupisa kubva kumusoro kusvika padzinde kunogona kuwedzerwa nekuzadza mhango mukati mevhavha ine chinhu chakakodzera. Kazhinji kacho, gasi rinodonhedzwa rinoshandiswa, iro rinozadza tsinde padanho repakati, kuitira kuti kana vharuvhu ichifamba, chikamu chemukati chakanyoroveswa nemvura. Dzinde rezvimedu mune diki (mutakurwi) injini dzinoitwa nekuboora gomba; kana iri injini huru, chikamu chemusoro wevhavha chingavewo hombe. Iyo vharafu stem inowanzo kuve chrome yakafukidzwa. Nekudaro, iwo mutoro wekupisa hauna kufanana kune akasiyana mavhavha, zvakare zvinoenderana nemabatiro emoto pachawo uye zvinokonzeresa kupisa mukati mevhavha.

Misoro yevharuvhu inopinza kazhinji yakakura mudhayamita kupfuura mavharuvhu emhepo. Nenhamba isinganzwisisike yemavharuvhu (3, 5), kune mavharuvhu akawanda ekupinda pacylinder pane mavharuvhu emhepo. Izvi zvinokonzerwa nezvinodiwa kuti uwane hukuru hunogoneka - simba rakakwana rakananga uye, naizvozvo, zvakanakisisa kuzadza kwe cylinder nemusanganiswa unopisa wemafuta nemhepo.

Kugadzira mavharuvhu ekutsveta, masimbi ane pearlite mamiriro, anoshandiswa nesilicon, nickel, tungsten, nezvimwe zvinonyanya kushandiswa. Dzimwe nguva titanium alloy inoshandiswa. Exhaust mavharuvhu anoburitswa nekupisa kunetseka kunoitwa kubva kumusoro kwakakwenenzverwa (chromium-nickel) simbi ine austenitic chimiro. Yakaomeswa chishandiso simbi kana chimwe chakakosha zvinhu chakasungirirwa kuchigaro chechigaro. stellite (inokanganisa chiwanikwa cobalt ine chromium, kabhoni, tungsten kana zvimwe zvinhu).

Two-vharafu humburumbira musoro

Matatu-vharuvhu humburumbira musoro

Four-vharafu humburumbira musoro

Mashanu-vharuvhu humburumbira musoro