Mota yakasanganiswa: izvo zvaunoda kuziva!

Kudzoka muna1997, Toyota yakaunza iyo Prius hybrid mutyairi wepasirese kupasirese, zvishoma gare gare (makore maviri gare gare) Honda yakaburitsa iyo Insight, yepamberi-vhiri dhiraivhi hatchback. Hybrid mota dziri kuve dzinozivikanwa uye dzinozivikanwa mazuva ano.

Vazhinji vanotenda kuti mahybrids nderemangwana renyika yemotokari, nepo vamwe vasingazive mota inogona kushandisa chero chinhu kunze kwedhiziri kana peturu semafuta. Takasarudza kukugadzirira zvinhu izvo zvatichaedza kuratidza zvese zvakanaka nezvakaipa zvekuve nemotokari yakasanganiswa. Saka ngatitangei.

Kune mangani marudzi emota yakasanganiswa iriko?

Kutanga, izwi rekuti "hybrid" rinobva mumutauro wechiLatin uye rinoreva chimwe chinhu chine mavambo akasangana kana chinobatanidza zvinhu zvisina kufanana. Kutaura nezvemota, apa zvichireva mota ine mhando mbiri dzesimba (yemukati injini yemagetsi uye mota yemagetsi).

Mhando dzemotokari dzakauchikwa:

• soft;
• inopindirana;
• parallel;
• kuzara;
• rechargeable.

Hunyoro chemasanganiswa mota

Nyoro. Pano Starter uye alternator zvakatsiviwa zvachose nemagetsi mota, iyo inoshandiswa kutanga uye kutsigira injini. Izvi zvinowedzera simba remotokari, uku zvichideredza kudyiwa kwemafuta neinenge 15%. Mienzaniso chaiyo yemotokari nyoro yakasanganiswa ndeye Suzuki Swift SHVS uye Honda CRZ.

Mahybridi akapfava anoshandisa mota diki yemagetsi iyo inotsiva iyo yekutanga uye alternator (inonzi dynamo). Nenzira iyi, inobatsira injini yepeturu uye inoita mashandiro emagetsi emota kana pasina mutoro painjini.

Pamwe pamwe neyakaisirwa yekutanga-yekumira system, iyo nyoro yemahystem sisitimu inoderedza kunwa, asi nenzira isiri kwayo iri kusvika kuzere masanganiswa ehuremu.

Dzakazara hybrid mota

Mune masystem akazara, iyo mota inogona kufambiswa nemagetsi magetsi pane chero nhanho yerwendo. Uye kana uchimhanyisa, uye mukufamba pane yakatsiga yakaderera kumhanya. Semuenzaniso, mudhorobha mota inotenderera ingangoshandisa mota imwe chete yemagetsi. Kuti unzwisise, yakazara hybrid ndeye BMW X6 ActiveHybrid.

Iyo yakazara yemasanganiswa sisitimu yakakura uye yakanyanya kunetsa kuisa pane yakasanganiswa nyoro. Nekudaro, ivo vanogona zvakanyanya kuvandudza simba remotokari. Mukuwedzera, kushandisa magetsi chete paunenge uchityaira muguta kunogona kuderedza kushandiswa kwemafuta ne20%.

Rechargeable hybrid

Plug-in hybrid imotokari ine injini yemukati yekutsva, mota yemagetsi, module yemasanganiswa, uye bhatiri rinogona kudzoreredzwa kubva panobuda. Chinhu chayo chikuru ndechekuti bhatiri iri pakati nepakati muhukuru: diki pane mumotokari yemagetsi, uye yakakura kupfuura yeakajairika hybrid.

Kubatsira kwemotokari dzakauchikwa

Funga nezvezvakanaka zvinhu zvemotokari yakasanganiswa:

• Kugadzikana kwezvakaitika. Mhando dzemota dzakadai dzinomhanya pazvinhu zvine hunyanzvi. Injini yemagetsi uye injini yepeturu zvinoshanda pamwechete kudzikisa kushandiswa kwemafuta, kuchengetedza bhajeti yako.
• Mari. Kuderera kwemafuta kunobatsira zviri pachena. Pano, kunyangwe mabhatiri ari akaderera, pane yekare, yakanaka injini yemoto, uye kana ikapera mafuta, iwe unozowedzera mafuta panzvimbo yekutanga yegasi iwe yaunowana usinganetseke nezvechaji poindi. Zviri nyore.
• Pasina kutsamira pane mafuta. Iine mota yemagetsi, mota yakasanganiswa inoda mashoma mafuta, zvichikonzera kudzikisira kushoma uye kusatsamira pane mafuta. Nekuda kweizvi, kuderera kwemitengo yemafuta kunogonawo kutarisirwa.
• Kuita kuri nani. Kuita kwacho zvakare chikonzero chakanaka chekutenga mota yakasanganiswa. Iyo mota yemagetsi inogona kutaridzwa serudzi rwechakakura pasina iyo yekuwedzera mafuta anodiwa kune turbine kana compressor.

Kukanganiswa kweHybrid Hybrid

Simba shoma. Mota dzakauchikwa dzinoshandisa injini mbiri dzakazvimiririra, ine injini yepeturu inoshanda sosi huru yesimba. Injini mbiri dziri mumotokari dzinoreva kuti kana injini yepeturu kana mota yemagetsi ichave ine simba senge mune yakajairwa peturu kana mota dzemagetsi. uye izvi zvine musoro.

Kutenga zvinodhura. Mutengo wepamusoro, mutengo waro uri paavhareji mashanu kusvika gumi ezviuru zvemadhora kupfuura aya emota dzakajairika. Kunyangwe, iyi inguva-imwechete yekudyara iyo ichabhadhara.

Yakakwira yekushandisa mitengo. Idzi mota dzinogona kuomera kugadzirisa nekuchengetedza nekuda kwemajini enjini, kuenderera mberi muhunyanzvi uye kudhura kwekugadzirisa mitengo.

Yakakwira voltage mabhatiri. Kana paitika tsaona, iyo yakakwira voltage iri mumabhatiri inogona kuuraya.

Kuongorora nekuchengetedza mota dzakasanganiswa

Mabhatiri anowanzo kuda kuchinjwa mushure 15-20 makore, garandi yeupenyu hwese inogoneka yemagetsi mota. Mota dzakauchikwa dzinokurudzirwa kuti dzishandiswe chete munzvimbo dzepamutemo dzebasa dzakashongedzerwa nemidziyo yakakosha uye vanoshandisa nyanzvi dzakadzidziswa musimboti wekushandira rudzi urwu rwemotokari. Cheki yemotokari yakasanganiswa inosanganisira:

• diagnostic kukanganisa makodhi;
• vakabereka bhatiri;
• bhatiri kupatsanurwa;
• mashandiro ezvinhu;
• kutonhora hurongwa. 

Urban Hybrid Ngano

1. Zvinogona kuvhundutsa. Kusvika iye zvino, vamwe vanhu vanotenda kuti mutyairi nevafambi vemotokari yehybrid vanogona kubatwa nemagetsi. Ichi hachisi chokwadi zvachose. MaHybrid ane dziviriro yakanakisa, kusanganisira panjodzi yekukuvadzwa kwakadaro. Uye kana iwe uchifunga kuti bhatiri remota zvakare rinoputika senge pamafoni efoni, hauna kururama.
2. Shanda zvisina tsarukano mumamiriro ekunze anotonhora... Neimwe chikonzero, vamwe vatyairi vanodavira kuti mota dzakauchikwa hadzishande zvakanaka munguva yechando. Iyi ndiyo imwe ngano yekuti inguva yakakwira yekubvisa iyo. Chinhu ndechekuti injini yemoto yemukati inotangwa nemagetsi emagetsi emagetsi uye bhatiri rekushusha, ayo ane simba rakapetwa kakati wandei kupfuura iyo yekutanga chinyakare uye bhatiri. Kusvikira bhatiri rasvika tembiricha yemukamuri, mashandiro aro anenge achishomeka, izvo zvinongokanganisa zvisina simba gadziriso yesystem, nekuti sosi yekutanga yesimba rehybrid inoramba iri injini yemoto yemukati. Naizvozvo, chando hachisi chinotyisa kumota yakadaro.
3. Inodhura kuchengetedzaVanhu vazhinji vanofunga kuti kuchengetedza mota dzakauchikwa zvinodhura kupfuura zvakajairwa peturu mota. Ichi hachisi chokwadi. Mari yekuchengetedza yakafanana. Dzimwe nguva kunyangwe kugadziridzwa kwemasanganiswa mota kunogona kudhura nekuda kwekusarudzika kwesimba remagetsi. Uye zvakare, mota dzakauchikwa dzinoshandisa mafuta mashoma pane ICE mota.

Mibvunzo nemhinduro:

Ndeupi musiyano uripo pakati pemotokari yakasanganiswa neyakajairwa? Iyo mota yakasanganiswa inosanganisa ma parameter emota yemagetsi uye yemhando yepamusoro mota ine mukati memoto injini. Nheyo yekushanda kwemadhiraivha maviri akasiyana inogona kusiyana.

Ko zvakanyorwa pamotokari yehybrid zvinorevei? Musanganiswa zvinoreva muchinjikwa pakati pechimwe chinhu. Panyaya yemotokari, isanganiswa yemotokari yemagetsi uye yakajairwa mukati memoto injini. Kunyorwa kwakadaro pamotokari kunoratidza kuti motokari inoshandisa marudzi maviri akasiyana emagetsi emagetsi.

Ndeipi mota yakasanganiswa yaunofanira kutenga? Iyo inonyanya kufarirwa modhi iToyota Prius (mazhinji mahybrids anoshanda pane imwechete musimboti), zvakare yakanaka sarudzo ndeye Chevrolet Volt, Honda CR-V Hybrid.