Gasi kugovera nzira - valve boka

Chinangwa uye mhando dzenguva:

1.1. Chinangwa cheiyo nzira yekuparadzira gasi:

Chinangwa chevhavha nguva yekumisikidza ndeyekupfuudza mutsva wemafuta musanganiswa mumasilinda ejini uye kuburitsa gasi rekupedza simba. Kutsinhana kwegasi kunoitwa kuburikidza neinopinza uye yekuvhura mazaru, ayo akavharirwa zvakavharwa nezvinhu zvebhandi renguva zvinoenderana neyakagamuchirwa injini yekushandisa maitiro.

1.2. Valve boka rekugovera:

Chinangwa cheboka revharuvhu ndechekuvhara hermetically nzvimbo yekupinza uye yekubuda uye nekuvhura iyo panguva yakatarwa yenguva yakatarwa.

1.3. Nguva dzenguva:

zvinoenderana nenhengo idzo injini dzemagetsi dzakabatanidzwa nharaunda, iyo nguva ivhavha, spool uye zvakasanganiswa.

1.4. Kufananidza kwemhando dzenguva:

nguva yevhavha ndiyo yakajairika nekuda kwekugadzirwa kwayo kuri nyore uye mashandiro akavimbika. Yakanaka uye yakavimbika chisimbiso cheinoshanda nzvimbo, yakawanikwa nekuda kwekuti iwo mavhavha anoramba akamira pakudzvinyirira kwakanyanya mumasirinda, inopa mukana wakakomba pamusoro pevhavha kana yakasanganiswa nguva. Naizvozvo, nguva yevhavha iri kuwedzera kushandiswa.

Valve yeboka mudziyo:

2.1. Valve mudziyo:

Injini mavharuvhu zvinosanganisira hunde uye musoro. Misoro yacho inowanzo gadzirwa yakaturikidzana, yakatenderera kana yakaita bhero. Musoro une diki cylindrical bhandi (inenge 2 mm) uye 45˚ kana 30˚ yekuisa bevel. Iyo cylindrical bhandi inobvumidza, kune rumwe rutivi, kuchengetedza hukuru hwepakati hwevhavha kana uchikuya chisimbiso bevel, uye kune rimwe divi, kuwedzera kuomarara kwevhavha uye nekudaro kudzivirira deformation. Akanyanya kufararira mavharuvhu ane musoro wakatsetseka uye bevel rekusimbisa pakona ye45˚ (aya anowanzo kuve mavharuvhu), uye nekuvandudza kuzadza uye kuchenesa kwemasilinda, vharuvhu yekudyiwa ine dhayamita yakakura kupfuura yevhavha yekuzadza. Pedza mavharuvhu anowanzoitwa aine domed bhora musoro.

Izvi zvinovandudza kubuda kwemagasi ekupedza kubva kumasilinda, uyewo kunowedzera simba uye kuoma kwevhavha. Kuti uvandudze mamiriro ekubvisa kupisa kubva mumusoro wevharuvhu uye kuwedzera kwese kusaremara kwevharuvhu, shanduko pakati pemusoro nedzinde inoitwa paakona ye10˚ - 30˚ uye neradius yakakura yecurvature. Kumucheto wepamusoro wevhavha yevhavha, grooves inogadzirwa nekonical, cylindrical kana chimiro chakakosha, zvichienderana nenzira inogamuchirwa yekubatanidza chitubu kune valve. Sodium kutonhodza inoshandiswa mune dzinoverengeka injini kuderedza kupisa kushushikana pakuputika mavharuvhu. Kuti uite izvi, vharafu inoitwa mhango, uye mhango inoguma yakazadzwa nehafu sodium, iyo inonyungudika iyo i100 ° C. Kana injini ichishanda, sodium inonyunguduka uye inofamba nepakati pevharuvhu, ichiendesa kupisa kubva pamusoro unopisa kuenda kune inotonhorera hunde uye kubva ipapo kuenda kune valve actuator.

2.2. Kubatanidza vharuvhu kune chitubu chayo:

dhizaini yeyuniti iyi zvakasiyana zvakanyanya, asi dhizaini yakajairika ine hafu yekoni. Nerubatsiro rwehafu-makoni, ayo anopinda mugero dzakagadzirwa muvhavha yevhavha, ndiro yakamanikidzwa, iyo inobata chitubu uye isingatenderi kubvarura unit. Izvi zvinogadzira kubatana pakati pechitubu nevhavha.

2.3. Valve chigaro nzvimbo:

Mune enginjini dzese dzazvino, zvigaro zvekubuda zvinogadzirwa zvakasiyana kubva kune humburumbira musoro. Zvigaro zvakadaro zvinoshandiswa kukweva makapu kana iwo humburumbira musoro wakagadzirwa nealuminium alloy. Kana yaiswa simbi, zvigaro zvinogadzirwa mukati mayo. Nechimiro, chigaro iringi yakasungirirwa kumusoro we cylinder mune chaiyo chigaro chemuchina. Panguva imwecheteyo, ma grooves dzimwe nguva anogadzirwa pamusoro pechigaro, icho, kana chakatsikirirwa pachigaro, chinozadzwa nesirinda yemusoro zvinhu, nekudaro kuve nekuvimbika kwavo kwakasimba. Pamusoro pekukochekera, kusimbisa kunogona kuitwawo nekusimudza chigaro. Kuti uve nechokwadi chekusimba kwenzvimbo yekushandira kana vharuvhu yakavharwa, iko kushanda kwechigaro kunofanirwa kuve kwakagadzirwa nekona imwechete sekuvhara chamfer yemusoro wevhavha. Kune izvi, zvigaro zvakagadzirwa nematanho akakosha ane makona anorodza kwete gumi neshanu, 15˚ uye 45˚ kuti uwane tepi yekuisa chisimbiso pa75˚ kona uye upamhi hwemamirimita maviri. Mamwe makona acho anoitwa kuti agadzirise kuyerera kwakatenderedza chigaro.

2.4. Valve Inotungamira Nzvimbo:

dhizaini yemagadhi yakasarudzika kwazvo. Kazhinji kazhinji, anongedzera ane anotsvedzerera ekunze pamusoro anoshandiswa, ayo anoitwa pane isina centre pombi dzemuchina. Nhungamiro njanji neyekunze yekuchengetedza tambo ndeye nyore kusungira asi zvakanyanya kunetsa kugadzira. Kune izvi, zvinonyanya kubatsira kugadzira chiteshi cheyeye yekumira murairidzi panzvimbo yebhandi. Yekunze vharuvhu magwara anowanzo shandiswa kuvadzivirira kubva kune oxidative mhedzisiro yeanopisa mweya gasi rwizi. Mune ino kesi, marefu magiraidhi akagadzirwa, mamwe ese ari mune ye cylinder musoro chiutsi chiteshi. Sezvo chinhambwe pakati pegwara nemusoro wevhavha chadzikira, gomba riri mugwara kudivi remusoro wevhavha rinodzikira kana kuwanda mudunhu remusoro wevhavha.

2.5. Zvitubu mudziyo:

muinjini dzemazuva ano, zvitubu zvakajairika zve cylindrical zvine pombi inogara iripo. Kuti vagadzire nzvimbo dzinotsigira, magumo emakoroni echirimo anounzwa pamwechete kurwisa mumwe neumwe uye akasungwa nehuma dzavo, semhedzisiro iyo huwandu hwese hwamakoreji hwakapetwa kaviri kana katatu kupfuura huwandu hwematsime anoshanda. Iwo ekupedzisira makoiri anotsigirwa kune rumwe rutivi rweplate uye kune rimwe divi reiyo humburumbira musoro kana bhuroka. kana paine njodzi yekutinhira, zvitubu zvevharuvhu zvinogadzirwa nenamo inoshanduka. Iyo yekutsika gearbox inokombama chero kubva kune mumwe mugumo wechitubu kuenda kune imwe, kana kubva pakati kusvika kumagumo maviri. Kana vharuvhu yakavhurwa, iyo yakakomberedzwa padyo nepedyo inosangana, semugumisiro wekuti huwandu hwekushanda hwetsika hunodzikira, uye kuwanda kwekusununguka kwemahara kwechitubu kunowedzera. Izvi zvinobvisa mamiriro ekuratidzira. Nechinangwa chimwe chete, dzimwe nguva matsime anonamira anoshandiswa, kuwanda kwechisikigo uko kunosiyana pamwe chete nehurefu hwavo uye kuitika kwesipo kwakabviswa.

2.6. Zvishandiso zvekugadzira izvo zvevharuvhu zvinhu zveboka:

• Mavharuvhu - Suction mavharuvhu anowanikwa mu chrome (40x), chromium nickel (40XN) uye mamwe masimbi alloy. Exhaust mavharuvhu anogadzirwa nesimbi isingadzivirirwe nesimbi ine yakakwira yechromium, nickel uye mamwe masimbi alloying: 4Kh9S2, 4Kh10S2M, Kh12N7S, 40SH10MA.
• Zvigaro zvevharuvhu - Masimbi anodzivirira kupisa kwepamusoro, simbi yakakandwa, aluminium bronze kana cermet inoshandiswa.
• Vatungamiri vevhavha inzvimbo dzakaoma kugadzira uye dzinoda kushandiswa kwezvinhu zvine high thermal uye kupfeka kusagadzikana uye kunaka kwekushisa conductivity, zvakadai segrey pearlitic cast iron uye aluminium bronze.
• Zvitubu - zvakagadzirwa newaya inomonereka kubva muchirimo stoma, semuenzaniso 65G, 60C2A, 50HFA.

Valve yeboka rekushanda:

3.1. Maitiro ekuyananisa:

iyo yekuyananisa mashandiro inofananidzwa zvine hukama kune crankshaft, ichifamba zvinowirirana nayo. Iyo bhandi yenguva inovhura uye isimbise inlet uye nzira yekubuditsa yemasilindiri emunhu zvichienderana nemaitiro anogamuchirwa ekushanda. Iyi ndiyo nzira yekutsinhana kwegesi mumasirinda.

3.2 Chiito chekutyaira nguva:

Iyo yekutyaira nguva inoenderana nenzvimbo yeiyo camshaft.
• Iine shaft yakaderera - kuburikidza ne spur gears for smoother operation inogadzirwa nemazino akarereka, uye nokuda kwekushanda kwakanyarara, mhete ye gear inogadzirwa ne textolite. A parasitic giya kana cheni inoshandiswa kupa drive pamusoro pechinhambwe chakareba.
• Nepamusoro shaft - roller cheni. Zvine mwero yakaderera ruzha, dhizaini yakapusa, huremu hwakaderera, asi dunhu rinosakara uye rinotambanuka. Kuburikidza neneoprene-based timing bhandi rakasimbiswa newaya yesimbi uye rakafukidzwa nejira risingapfeki naironi. Dhizaini iri nyore, kushanda kwakanyarara.

3.3. Chikamu chekugovera gasi:

Iyo yakazara kuyerera nzvimbo yakapihwa yekupfuura kwemagasi kuburikidza nevhavha zvinoenderana nenguva yekuvhurwa kwayo. Sezvaunoziva, mune mana-sitiroko injini, yekumisikidza yekudyiwa uye yekumedza sitiroko, imwe pisitoni sitiroko inopihwa, inoenderana nekutenderera kweye crankshaft na180˚. Zvisinei, ruzivo rwakaratidza kuti pakuzadza zvirinani uye kuchenesa humburumbira zvakafanira kuti iyo nguva yekuzadza uye kudurura matanho ive yakareba kupfuura kurova kwepiston kunoenderana, i.e. kuvhura nekuvhara mavharuvhu hakufanirwe kuitwa kunzvimbo dzakafa dzepiston sitiroko, asi nekupfuura kana kunonoka.

Iko kuvhura kwevhavha uye yekuvhara nguva zvinoratidzwa mumakona ekutenderera kweye crankshaft uye anonzi vharuvhu nguva. Kuti uve nekuvimbika kukuru, zvikamu izvi zvinogadzirwa nenzira yemachati (pie 1).
Ivhavha yekukweva inowanzovhura neine overrun angle φ1 = 5˚ - 30˚ piston isati yasvika pakati pevakafa. Izvi zvinogonesa imwe yevhavha muchinjika-chikamu pakutanga chaiko kwekuzadza sitiroko uye nekudaro inovandudza kuzadza kwecylinder. Ivhavha yekukweva inovharwa nekona yekunonoka φ2 = 30˚ - 90˚ mushure mekunge pisitoni yapfuura nzvimbo yepasi yakafa. Inlet vharafu yekuvhara kunonoka inobvumira kutorwa kwemafuta matsva musanganiswa kuti ashandiswe kuvandudza refueling uye nekudaro kuwedzera injini simba.
Ivhavhavha yekupera inovhurwa nekona yekupfuura φ3 = 40˚ - 80˚, i.e. pakupera kwekurohwa, apo kudzvinyirirwa mumagasi ehumburumbira kwakanyanyisa (0,4 - 0,5 MPa). Ejection yakadzika yehumburumbira yegasi, yakatanga pakumanikidzwa uku, inotungamira kudonha nekukurumidza mukumanikidza uye tembiricha, izvo zvinonyanya kuderedza basa rekudzinga magasi anoshanda. Ivhavha inovhara inovhara nekona yekunonoka φ4 = 5˚ - 45˚. Uku kunonoka kunopa kucheneswa kwakanaka kwekamuri yekupisa kubva kumagasi emhepo.

Diagnostics, kugadzirisa, kugadzirisa:

4.1. Kuongorora

Zviratidzo zvekuziva:

• •Yakaderedzwa simba reinjini yemukati yemoto:
• Kuderedza kubviswa;
• Isina kukwana vharafu inokodzera;
• Akabata mavharuvhu.
  • Kuwedzera kwekushandisa kwemafuta:
• Yakaderedzwa clearance pakati pevhavha neanosimudza;
• Isina kukwana vharafu inokodzera;
• Akabata mavharuvhu.
  • Pfeka mumagetsi emoto emukati:
• Camshaft kupfeka;
• kuvhura camshaft cams;
• Yakawedzera clearance pakati pevharuvhu madzinde uye vharuvhu bushings;
• Kubvumidzwa kwakakura pakati pevharuvhu nevasimudza;
• kutsemuka, kutyora kwekusimba kwemagetsi evhavha.
  Yakaderera kumanikidza chiratidzo:
• Zvigaro zvevharuvhu zvakapfava;
• Nyoro kana yakaputsika vharuvhu chitubu;
• Vharuvhu yakatsva;
• Yakatsva kana yakabvaruka humburumbira musoro gasket
• Unadjusted chafariz mukaha.
  • Yakakwirira yekumanikidza chiratidzo.
• Yakaderera musoro kukwirira;

Nguva dzekuongorora nzira:

• Kuyera kwekumanikidza mune humburumbira panopera kukwiridzira sitiroko. Munguva yekuyera, zvinotevera mamiriro anofanirwa kusangana: iyo injini yemoto inofanirwa kuve inopisa kune tembiricha yekushanda; Matanda emoto anofanira kubviswa; Iyo yepakati tambo yeiyo induction coil inofanirwa kuzorwa mafuta uye iyo throttle uye yemhepo vharuvhu yakavhurika. Kuyera kunoitwa uchishandisa compressors. Musiyano wekumanikidza pakati pemasirinda ega haafanire kudarika 5%.

4.2. Kugadziridza iyo yekupisa clearance mune yenguva bhandi:

Kutarisa uye kugadzirisa iyo yekupisa gap inoitwa uchishandisa yekumanikidza gauge mahwendefa muiteedzero inoenderana nehurongwa hweinjini inoshanda, kutanga neyokutanga humburumbira. Iyo mukaha inonyatso gadziridzwa kana iyo goji geji, inoenderana neyakajairika gap, inopfuura zvakasununguka. Paunenge uchigadzirisa clearance, bata iyo yekugadzirisa sikuru ne screwdriver, sunungura jam namu, isa ndiro yekubvisa pakati pevhavha yevhavha uye yekubatanidza, uye tendeuka iyo yekugadzirisa sikuru kumisikidza inodiwa clearance. Ipapo iyo yekuvhara nzungu inosimbiswa.

Kutsiva mavharuvhu enjini dzemota

4.3. Kugadziriswa kweboka revalve:

• Kugadziriswa kwevhavha - zvikanganiso zvikuru kupfeka uye kupisa kwekonikoni yekushanda kwepamusoro, kupera kwechidzitiro uye kuonekwa kwekutsemuka. Kana misoro ichipisa kana kuputika kuchionekwa, mavharuvhu anoraswa. Madzinde evharuvhu akabhenda anotwasanudzwa pamuchina wemaoko uchishandisa mudziyo. Matanda evharuvhu akasakara anogadziriswa nekuchinjisa kana ironing uye obva adzika kusvika kune zita kana kuwanda kwekugadzirisa saizi. Nzvimbo yekushanda yakasakara yemusoro wevhavha inogadzika kusvika pakukura kwekugadzirisa. Mavharuvhu anovharirwa pazvigaro ane abrasive pastes. Kunyatsogaya kunotariswa nekudira parafini pamavharuvhu ane hinged, kana ikasadonha, ipapo kukuya kwakanaka kwemaminetsi 4-5. Zvitubu zvevhavha hazvina kudzorerwa, asi zvinotsiviwa nemitsva.

Mibvunzo nemhinduro:

Chii chinosanganisirwa mugasi rekugovera michina? Inowanikwa muhumburumbira musoro. Magadzirirwo ayo anosanganisira: camshaft mubhedha, camshaft, mavharuvhu, rocker maoko, pushers, hydraulic compensators uye, mune mamwe mamodheru, nhanho yekuchinja.

ДChii chinangwa chebhandi renguva yeinjini? Iyi nzira inovimbisa kupihwa panguva yakakodzera kwechikamu chitsva chemusanganiswa wemhepo-mafuta uye kubviswa kwemagasi ekupedza. Zvichienderana nekugadziriswa, inogona kuchinja nguva yevhavha nguva.

Nzira yekugovera gasi iri kupi? Mune injini yemazuva ano inopisa mukati, iyo gasi yekugovera gasi iri pamusoro pevhavhavha mumusoro wecylinder.