Gasi kugovera nzira yeinjini, dhizaini uye musimboti wekushanda

Iyo gasi yekugovera mavharuvhu (GRM) seti yezvikamu uye magungano anovhura nekuvhara mavharuvhu ekupinza uye ekupedza ejini pane imwe nguva yakatarwa. Basa guru rekugovera gasi rinoshandiswa panguva yakakodzera yemhepo-mafuta kana mafuta (zvichienderana nerudzi rwejini) kukamuri rinopisa uye kusunungurwa kwemagesi emhepo. Kuti agadzirise dambudziko iri, hurongwa hwese hwakaoma hunoshanda zvakanaka, dzimwe dzacho dzinodzorwa nemagetsi.

Nguva yakamira sei

Mune injini dzemazuva ano, gasi rekugovera nzira iri mujini cylinder head. Inosanganisira zvinhu zvikuru zvinotevera:

• Camshaft. Ichi chigadzirwa chekugadzirwa kwakaoma, chakagadzirwa nesimbi yakasimba kana simbi yakakandwa nepamusoro-soro. Zvichienderana nekugadzirwa kwenguva, camshaft inogona kuiswa mumusoro we cylinder kana mu crankcase (ikozvino urongwa uhwu hahusi kushandiswa). Ichi ndicho chikamu chikuru chinokonzera kutevedzana kwekuvhura uye kuvhara kwemavharuvhu.

Iyo shaft ine majenari anotakura uye macams anosundira hunde yevharuvhu kana rocker. Chimiro chekamera chine geometry yakanyatsotsanangurwa, sezvo nguva uye chiyero chekuvhura kwevhavha zvinoenderana neizvi. Mukuwedzera, makamera akagadzirwa nenzira dzakasiyana kuti ave nechokwadi chekushanda kwemasilinda.

• Dhiraivha. Torque kubva ku crankshaft inofambiswa kuburikidza nekutyaira kuenda kune camshaft. Iyo dhiraivha inosiyana zvichienderana neyakagadziriswa sarudzo. Iyo crankshaft giya ihafu yehukuru hweiyo camshaft giya. Saka, crankshaft inotenderera kaviri nekukurumidza. Zvichienderana nemhando yekutyaira, inosanganisira:

1. cheni kana bhanhire;
2. shaft gears;
3. tensioner (tension roller);
4. damper neshangu.

• Yakawanda uye pedza mavharuvhu. Iwo anowanikwa pamusoro pehumburumbira uye matanda ane musoro wakatsetseka kune mumwe mugumo, anonzi poppet. Mavharuvhu ekupinda nekubuda anosiyana mukugadzira. Iyo inlet inogadzirwa muchidimbu chimwe. Iyo ine zvakare hombe platter yekuzadza zvirinani silinda nechaji nyowani. Iyo yekubuda nayo inowanzo gadzirwa nesimbi inodzivirira kupisa uye ine mhango dzinde yekutonhodza zviri nani, sezvo ichiratidzwa kune tembiricha yepamusoro panguva yekushanda. Mukati megomba mune sodium filler inonyungudika zviri nyore uye inobvisa kumwe kupisa kubva mundiro kuenda kutsvimbo.

Misoro yevharuvhu yakakomberedzwa kuti ipe kusimba kwakasimba mumakomba ari muhumburumbira. Nzvimbo iyi inonzi chisharo. Pamusoro pemavharuvhu pachawo, zvimwe zvinhu zvinopihwa mumashini kuti ive nechokwadi chekushanda kwavo kwakaringana:

1. Springs. Dzorera mavharuvhu panzvimbo yawo yepakutanga mushure mekudzvanya.
2. Valve stem seals. Izvi zvisimbiso zvakakosha zvinodzivirira mafuta kuti asapinda mukamuri rinopisa pamwe chete nevharuvhu.
3. Guide bushing. Yakaiswa muhumburumbira musoro imba uye inopa chaiyo valve kufamba.
4. Rusks. Nekubatsira kwavo, chitubu chinosungirirwa kune stem valve.

• Vasundidzira. Kuburikidza nemapusher, simba rinofambiswa kubva kune camshaft cam kusvika kune tsvimbo. Yakagadzirwa nesimbi yakasimba. Iwo emhando dzakasiyana:

1. mechanical - magirazi;
2. roller;
3. hydraulic compensator.

Iro gaka rekupisa pakati pemakanika pushers uye camshaft lobes inogadziriswa nemaoko. Hydraulic compensator kana hydraulic tappets inongo chengetedza inodiwa clearance uye haidi kugadziridzwa.

• Rocker ruoko kana levers. A simple rocker is a two-arm lever inoita mamovements. Mune marongerwo akasiyana, maoko e rocker anogona kushanda zvakasiyana.
• Variable valve timing systems. Aya masisitimu haana kuiswa pamainjini ese. Mamwe ruzivo nezve mudziyo uye musimboti wekushanda kweCVVT inogona kuwanikwa mune imwe nyaya pane yedu webhusaiti.

Tsanangudzo yenguva

Kushanda kwegasi rekugovera gasi kwakaoma kufunga zvakasiyana kubva pakushanda kwejini. Basa rayo guru nderokuzarura nekuvhara mavharuvhu munguva yeimwe nguva yenguva. Nokudaro, pamutambo wekutora, kutora kunovhura, uye pakuputika kwemhepo, kupera kunovhura. Izvi zvinoreva kuti, iyo nzira inofanirwa kushandisa yakaverengerwa nguva yevhavha.

Technically inoenda seizvi:

1. Iyo crankshaft inoendesa torque kuburikidza nekutyaira kuenda kune camshaft.
2. Iyo camshaft cam inodzvanya pane pusher kana rocker.
3. Iyo valve inofamba mukati mekamuri yekupisa, ichibvumira kupinda kune kutsva kuchaji kana gasi rekuburitsa.
4. Mushure mekunge cam yapfuura chikamu chinoshanda chekuita, valve inodzokera kunzvimbo yayo pasi pechiito chechirimo.

Izvo zvinofanirwa kucherechedzwa kuti kutenderera kwakazara, iyo camshaft inoita 2 revolutions, alternately kuvhura mavharuvhu pahumburumbira imwe neimwe, zvichienderana nekurongeka kwavanoita. Izvozvi, semuenzaniso, ne 1-3-4-2 chirongwa chekushanda, mavharuvhu ekutora pa cylinder yekutanga uye mavharuvhu ekupedza pachina achazarura panguva imwe chete. Mune yechipiri uye yechitatu mavharuvhu achavharwa.

Mhando dzemagetsi ekugovera gasi

Injini dzinogona kunge dziine zvirongwa zvakasiyana zvenguva. Chimbofunga kurongwa kunotevera.

Ne camshaft chinzvimbo

Kune marudzi maviri e camshaft chinzvimbo:

• bottom;
• pamusoro.

Munzvimbo yakaderera, camshaft iri pane cylinder block padyo ne crankshaft. Mhedzisiro kubva kumakamera kuburikidza nemapusher inoendeswa kune maoko e rocker, uchishandisa tsvimbo dzakakosha. Aya ndiwo matanda marefu anobatanidza ma pushrods kuzasi kune maoko e rocker kumusoro. Nzvimbo yakaderera haina kutorwa seyakabudirira zvakanyanya, asi ine zvayakanakira. Kunyanya, hukama hwakavimbika pakati pecamshaft uye crankshaft. Rudzi urwu rwechigadzirwa harushandiswe mumainjini emazuva ano.

Panzvimbo yepamusoro, camshaft iri muhumburumbira musoro, pamusoro pemavharuvhu. Mune chinzvimbo ichi, sarudzo dzinoverengeka dzekufurira mavharuvhu dzinogona kuitwa: kushandisa rocker pushers kana levers. Iyi dhizaini iri nyore, yakavimbika uye yakawanda compact. Nzvimbo yepamusoro yecamshaft yave yakawanda.

Nehuwandu hwemacamshafts

In-line injini inogona kugadzirirwa imwe kana maviri camshafts. Injini dzine camshaft imwe chete dzinosarudzwa nechidimbu SOHC(Single Overhead Camshaft), uye ine maviri - DOHC(Kaviri Pamusoro peCamshaft). Imwe shaft ine basa rekuvhura mavharuvhu ekutora, uye imwe yekuburitsa. V-injini dzinoshandisa mana camshafts, maviri kune rimwe nerimwe bhangi remasilinda.

Nehuwandu hwemavharuvhu

Chimiro che camshaft uye nhamba yemakamera ichaenderana nehuwandu hwevhavha pa cylinder. Panogona kunge paine maviri, matatu, mana kana mashanu mavharuvhu.

Iyo yakapusa sarudzo ine mavharuvhu maviri: imwe yekutora, imwe yekupedza. Injini yemavharuvhu matatu ine mavharuvhu maviri ekutora uye imwe yekupedza simba. Mushanduro ine mavharuvhu mana: maviri ekutora uye maviri exhaust. Mavharuvhu mashanu: matatu ekutora uye maviri ekupera simba. Iyo yakawanda mavharuvhu ekupinza, iyo yakawanda yemhepo-mafuta musanganiswa inopinda mukamuri yekupisa. Saizvozvowo, simba uye simba rejini rinowedzerwa. Kuita zvinopfuura zvishanu hazvizobvumiri ukuru hwekamuri yekupisa uye chimiro checamshaft. Inonyanya kushandiswa mavharuvhu mana pahumburumbira.

Nerudzi rwekutyaira

Kune marudzi matatu e camshaft drives:

1. gear. Iyi sarudzo yekutyaira inogoneka chete kana camshaft iri munzvimbo yakaderera ye cylinder block. Iyo crankshaft uye camshaft inofambiswa nemagiya. Kubatsira kukuru kwechikwata chakadaro kuvimbika. Kana iyo camshaft iri munzvimbo yepamusoro mumusoro wecylinder, zvese zviri zviviri cheni uye bhandi drive zvinoshandiswa.
2. Chain. Iyi dhiraivha inoonekwa seyakavimbika. Asi kushandiswa kweketani kunoda mamiriro anokosha. Kuti uderedze kudengenyeka, madhamu anoiswa, uye tension yeketani inodzorwa nema tensioners. Cheni dzinoverengeka dzinogona kushandiswa zvichienderana nehuwandu hwemashafts.
   

   Iyo cheni sosi inokwana avhareji ye150-200 zviuru zvemakiromita.

   Dambudziko guru reketani yemotokari inoonekwa sekusashanda kwemagetsi, dampers kana kuputsika muketani pachayo. Nekusawirirana kusina kukwana, ketani panguva yekushanda inogona kutsvedza pakati pemeno, izvo zvinotungamirira kukuputsika kwevhavha nguva.

   Inobatsira kugadzirisa otomatiki tension yeketani hydraulic tensioners. Aya mapiston anodzvanya pane inonzi bhutsu. Iyo shangu inosungirirwa zvakananga kumaketani. Ichi chidimbu chine jira rakakosha, rakakomberedzwa muarc. Mukati me hydraulic tensioner mune plunger, chitubu uye mhango inoshanda yemafuta. Oiri inopinda mutensioner yosaidzira silinda kusvika padanho chairo. Ivhavha inovhara nzira yeoiri uye piston inochengetedza tension chaiyo yecheni nguva dzese.Hydraulic compensator mubhandi renguva inoshanda nenzira yakafanana. Iyo cheni damper inobata zvakasara kudengenyeka kusina kunyoroveswa neshangu. Izvi zvinovimbisa kushanda kwakakwana uye kwakaringana kweketani drive.

   Dambudziko guru rinogona kubva kudunhu rakashama.

   Iyo camshaft inomira kutenderera, asi crankshaft inoramba ichitenderera uye kufambisa pistons. Mabottoms episton anosvika kune mavharuvhu discs, zvichiita kuti aite deform. Muzviitiko zvakakomba, cylinder block inogonawo kukuvara. Kuti izvi zvisaitike, dzimwe nguva macheni ane mitsetse miviri anoshandiswa. Kana imwe ikatyoka, imwe inoramba ichishanda. Mutyairi achakwanisa kugadzirisa mamiriro acho pasina migumisiro.

3. bhandi.The bhanhire dhiraivha haidi lubrication, kusiyana neketani drive.
   

   Izvo zviwanikwa zvebhanhire zvakare zvishoma uye mavhareji 60-80 zviuru zvemakiromita.

   Mabhanhire ane mazino anoshandiswa pakubata zviri nani uye kuvimbika. Iyi iri nyore. Bhandi rakaputsika rine injini inomhanya richava nemigumisiro yakafanana neketani yakaputsika. Izvo zvakakosha zvebhanhire dhiraivha zviri nyore kushanda uye kutsiva, mutengo wakaderera uye wakanyarara kushanda.

Kushanda kweinjini, simba rayo uye simba zvinoenderana nekushanda kwakarurama kwegasi rose rekugovera nzira. Iyo yakakura iyo nhamba uye vhoriyamu yemasilinda, iyo yakanyanya kuomarara mudziyo wekuwiriranisa. Izvo zvakakosha kuti mutyairi wega wega anzwisise chimiro cheiyo mechanic kuti aone kusashanda nenguva.