EURO - European Emission Standards
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EURO - European Emission Standards

IEuropean Emissions Standards seti yemitemo nemirau inoisa miganhu pakuumbwa kwemagasi ekupedza emota dzese dzinogadzirwa munyika dziri nhengo dzeEU. Iyi mirairo inodaidzwa kuti Euro emission standards (Euro 1 kusvika Euro 6).

Kusuma kwega kwega kweiyo itsva euro emission standard chiitiko chekufamba zvishoma nezvishoma.

Shanduko idzi dzinonyanya kukanganisa mamodheru achangounzwa kumusika weEuropean (semuenzaniso, yero yero Euro 5 yakaiswa munaGunyana 1, 9). Motokari dzinotengeswa hadzifanirwe kutevedzera chiyero cheEuro 2009. Kubva gore rechishanu, Euro 5 inofanirwa kutevedzera mota dzese nyowani dzakagadzirwa, kusanganisira mhando dzekare dzine kugadzirwa kwekubata. Varidzi vekare vakatenga mota dzekare vanogona kugara vega, ivo havasi pasi pemitemo mitsva.

Imwe neimwe itsva EURO standard ine mitemo mitsva nezvirambidzo. Yazvino EURO 5 emission standard, semuenzaniso, ine simba rakakura pane injini dzedhiziri uye ine chinangwa chekuvaswededza padhuze nepeturu maererano neexex emissions. EURO 5 inoderedza PM (Particulate Particulate Soot) muganho wekubuda nechikamu chimwe muzvishanu zvichienzaniswa nenyika iripo, iyo inogona kungoitwa chete nekuisa mafirita, izvo zvisiri zvakachipa. Izvo zvaive zvakare zvakafanira kushandisa matekinoroji matsva kuti usvike iyo NO miganho.2... Mukupesana, injini zhinji dzepeturu dzatove mukugadzirwa nhasi dzinoenderana nemirairo mitsva yeEuro 5. Muchiitiko chavo, kwaingove kudzikiswa kwe25% mumiganhu yeHC neNO.2, CO emissions inoramba isina kuchinja. Kuunzwa kwese kweiyo emission standard inosangana nekupokana kubva kune vanogadzira mota nekuda kwekuwedzera kwemitengo yekugadzira. Semuenzaniso, kuiswa kweiyo EURO 5 standard kwakatanga kurongerwa 2008, asi nekuda kwekumanikidzwa neveindasitiri yemotokari, kuiswa kweiyi standard kwakamiswa kusvika munaGunyana 1, 9.

Aya mirairo yekuburitsa yakashanduka sei?

Euro 1... Yekutanga rairo yaive rairo yeEuro 1, yanga ichishanda kubvira 1993 uye yanga ine mutsa. Kune epeturu nedhiziri injini, inoisa muganho wekabhoni monoxide ingangoita 3 g / km uye HAPANA emissions.x uye HC yakawedzerwa. Iyo particulate nyaya emission muganho inoshanda chete kune dhiziri injini. Injini dze peturu dzinofanira kushandisa isina mafuta.

Euro 2. Iyo EURO 2 yakajairwa yakatoparadzanisa marudzi maviri einjini - injini dzedhiziri dzaive neimwe mukana muNO emissions.2 uye HC, kune rimwe divi, kana iyo cap ichiiswa kune yavo huwandu, epeturu injini dzinogona kutenga yakakwira CO choutsi. Iri rairo rakaratidzawo kudzikiswa kwemutobvu wedhizeti chinhu mumhepo yekupisa.

Euro 3... Nekuunzwa kweiyo EURO 3 standard, yanga ichishanda kubvira 2000, European Commission yakatanga kuomesa. Kune injini dzedhiziri, yakadzora PM ne50% uye ndokumisikidza muganho wakasarudzika wekusabvisa choutsi.2 pa 0,5 g / km. Panguva imwecheteyo, akaraira kudzikiswa kwe36% muEC emissions. Ichi chiyero chinoda peturu injini kuti isangane inoomesesa HAPANA zvinodiwa nemweya.2 uye HC.

Euro 4... Muenzaniso weEURO 4, wakatanga kushanda musi waGumiguru 1.10, 2006, wakawedzera kusimbisa miganho yekubuda. Zvichienzaniswa neyakapfuura Euro 3 yakajairwa, ine hafu hafu yezvinhu uye nitrogen oxides mumotokari chiutsi magasi. Muchiitiko cheinjini dzedhiziri, izvi zvakamanikidza vagadziri kudzikisa zvakanyanya CO, HAPANA kubuda.2, mahydrocarbon asina kupiswa uye maumburu.

Euro 5... Kubva 1.9. Iyo 2009 emission standard yainyanya kuitirwa kudzikisa huwandu hweMDC furo zvikamu kune chimwe chikamu chechishanu chemari yekutanga (0,005 maringe ne0,025 g / km). Iko NOx kukosha kwepeturu (0,08 kusvika 0,06 g / km) uye injini dzedhiziri (0,25 kusvika 0,18 g / km) zvakare zvadzikira zvishoma. Muchiitiko cheinjini dzedhiziri, kuderera kweHC + HERE zvemukati zvakaonekwa zvakare.X z 0,30 nd 0,23 g / km.

EURO 6... Iyi mwero wekubuda wakatanga kushanda munaGunyana 2014. Inoshanda kune injini dzedhiziri, iko kuderedzwa kweNOx kukosha kubva pa0,18 kusvika ku0,08 g / km uye HC + NO.X 0,23 uye 0,17 g / km

Kudzora kudzora zvinhu

Carbon monoxide (CO) igasi risina ruvara, risinganhuhwi, risingaravi iro rakareruka kupfuura mweya. Kusatsamwisa uye kusaputika. Inosungira ku hemoglobin, i.e. pigment muropa uye nokudaro inodzivirira kutamiswa kwemhepo kubva mumapapu kuenda kumatishu - saka ine chepfu. Pazvimiro zvakajairika mumhepo, CO oxidizes inokurumidza kucarbon dioxide.2.

Carbon dioxide (CO2) igasi risina ruvara, risingarakidze uye risinganhuhwi. Nayo pachayo, haina chepfu.

Unburnt hydrocarbons (HC) - pakati pezvimwe zvikamu, ane kunyanya carcinogenic anonhuwirira hydrocarbons, chepfu aldehydes uye asiri chepfu alkanes uye alkenes.

Nitrogen oxides (HEREx) - zvimwe zvinokuvadza kuhutano, zvinokanganisa mapapu uye mucous membranes. Izvo zvinoumbwa mujini pakupisa kwakanyanya uye kudzvinyirira panguva yekupisa, nekuwanda kweokisijeni.

Sulphur dioxide (SO2) igasi rinokonzera, rine chepfu, risina ruvara. Ngozi yaro ndeyokuti inogadzira sulfuric acid mumhepo yekufema.

Lead (Pb) isimbi ine chepfu. Parizvino, mafuta anongowanikwa pazviteshi zvisina mutobvu. Zvinhu zvaro zvekuzora zvinotsiviwa nezvinowedzerwa.

Carbon dema (PM) - kabhoni dema zvimedu zvinokonzeresa kushatirwa uye kuita sevatakuri vecarcinogens uye mutagens.

Zvimwe zvinhu zviripo mukupisa kwemafuta

Nitrogen (N2) igasi risingabatike, risina ruvara, risinganhuhwi. Haina chepfu. Icho chikamu chikuru chemhepo yatinofema (78% N2, 21% O2, 1% mamwe magasi). Yakawanda yenitrogen inodzoserwa kumhepo mumagasi ekuburitsa pakupera kwekupisa. Chikamu chidiki chinopindirana neokisijeni kuita manitrogen oxides NOx.

Okisijeni (O2) igasi risina ruvara risina muchetura. Pasina kuravira uye kunhuwa. Izvi zvakakosha kune nzira yekupisa.

Mvura (H2O) - inotorwa pamwe chete nemhepo muchimiro chemhute yemvura.

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