Mota yemagetsi zuro, nhasi namangwana: chikamu 2

Standalone mapuratifomu kana mhinduro dzakagadziriswa dzemotokari dzemagetsi

Iko kusikwa uye kuitiswa kwemapuratifomu emagetsi akazara zvine hupfumi zvinoshanda? Mhinduro: zvinoenderana. Kudzoka muna2010, Chevrolet Volt (Opel Ampera) yakaratidza kuti pane nzira dzekushandura zvakaringana chimiro chemuviri weyakajairika propulsion system nekubatanidza bhatiri pack mukati mekamuri yepakati peiyo Delta II chikuva pane iyo yekuzadza system . ) uye pasi pechigaro chemberi chemotokari. Nekudaro, kubva pakuona kwanhasi, Volt ipulagi-in yakasanganiswa (kunyangwe hunyanzvi hwehunyanzvi hwakafanana nehuyo inowanikwa muToyota Prius) ine 16 kWh bhatiri uye neinjini yemukati yemoto. Makore gumi apfuura, yakataurwa nekambani semotokari yemagetsi yemakiromita marefu, uye izvi zvinonyanya kuratidza gwara rakatorwa nerudzi rwemotokari mukati megumi rino makore.

KuVolkswagen nemapoka ayo, ane hurongwa hwekuda hukuru hunosanganisira kugadzirwa kwemirioni imwe yemotokari dzemagetsi pagore, panosvika 2025 kusikwa kwemapuratifomu akanyatsogadzirirwa mota dzemagetsi kunoruramiswa. Nekudaro, kune vagadziri vakaita seBMW, nyaya yacho yakanyanya kuoma. Mushure mekupisa kwakashata i3, iyo yaive kumberi asi yakagadzirwa pane imwe nguva uye nekudaro haina kumbobvira yabudirira mune zvehupfumi, zvikonzero zvine chekuita nekambani yeBavaria zvakasarudza kuti vagadziri vanofanirwa kutsvaga nzira yekugadzira mapuratifomu anochinjika anogona kuwedzera kugona kwezvose zviri zviviri. dhiraivha mhando. Nehurombo, mapuratifomu emagetsi echinyakare anonyatso dhizaini yekukanganisa - maseru anoiswa mumapakeji akaparadzana uye anoiswa pane nzvimbo, uye mune nyowani dhizaini aya mavhoriyamu anopihwa kubatanidzwa kwakadaro.

Zvisinei, nzvimbo iyi haina kushandiswa zvakanyatsonaka sekushandisa masero akavakwa pasi, uye zvinhu zvakabatanidzwa netambo, izvo zvinowedzera uremu uye kuramba. Ikozvino magetsi emhando dzemakambani mazhinji, akadai see-Gorofu neMercedes 'yemagetsi B-kirasi, ndizvo chaizvo. Naizvozvo, BMW ichashandisa yakagadziridzwa vhezheni yeCLAR papuratifomu iyo iri kuuya iX3 uye i4 ichave yakavakirwa. Mercedes ichange iine maitiro akafanana mumakore anotevera, ichishandisa shanduro dzakagadziridzwa dzemapuratifomu ayo asati aunza (anenge makore maviri gare gare) yakatsaurirwa EVA II. Kune ayo ekutanga emagetsi modhi, kunyanya iyo e-Tron, Audi yakashandisa yakagadziridzwa vhezheni yayo yenguva dzose MLB Evo iyo yakashandura wheelbase yese kuti ibatanidze yakazara bhatiri paki. Nekudaro, Porsche neAudi parizvino vari kugadzira Premium Platform Electric (PPE) yakanyatsogadzirirwa kufambiswa kwemagetsi iyo ichashandiswawo neBentley. Zvisinei, kunyange chizvarwa chitsva cheEV yakatsaurirwa mapuratifomu haazotsvaki nzira yeavant-garde yeI3, iyo inonyanya kushandisa simbi nealuminium nokuda kwechinangwa ichi.

Uye saka munhu wese arikutsvaga nzira yake nyowani musango reiyo ramangwana. Fiat yakatengesa vhezheni yemagetsi yePanda makore makumi matatu apfuura, asi FiatChrysler yave kusaririra kumashure kwetsika. Iyo Fiat 30e vhezheni uye iyo Chrysler Pacifica plug-in vhezheni izvozvi zviri kutengeswa muUnited States. Zano rebhizinesi rekambani rinoda kudyarwa kwe € 500 bhiriyoni mumamodeli emagetsi na9, uye munguva pfupi ichatanga kugadzirwa kwemotokari dzemagetsi mazana mashanu muEurope dzichishandisa chikuva chitsva chemagetsi. Maserati naAlfa Romeo vachange vainewo magetsi emhando.

Pakazosvika 2022, Ford ichatanga motokari gumi nenhanhatu dzemagetsi papuratifomu yeMEB muEurope; Honda ichashandisa electrified powertrains kuunza zvikamu zviviri muzvitatu zvemhando dzayo muEurope ne16; Hyundai yanga ichitengesa magetsi emhando yeKona neIoniq mutsime, asi ikozvino yakagadzirira neyese-nyowani EV chikuva. Toyota ichaisa mamodheru ayo emagetsi emangwana pane e-TNGA yakavakirwa zvakanangana nemotokari dzemagetsi, iyo ichashandiswawo neMazda, uye nepo zita racho rakafanana nenhamba yemhinduro dzeTNGA itsva, yakanyatsojeka. Toyota ine ruzivo rwakawanda nemotokari dzemagetsi uye simba rekutonga, asi kwete ne lithiamu-ion mabhatiri nokuti, muzita rekuvimbika, yakashandisa nickel-metal hydride mabhatiri kusvika kumagumo. Renault-Nissan-Mitsubishi iri kushandisa dhizaini iripo kune mazhinji emagetsi mamodheru, asi munguva pfupi iri kuuya zvakare ichavhura nyowani yemagetsi chikuva, iyo CMF-EV. Zita reCMF harifanire kukunyengedza - sezvakaita Toyota neTNGA, CMF-EV haina kana chekuita neCMF. PSA modhi dzichashandisa shanduro dzeCMP neEMP2025 mapuratifomu. Nzvimbo yemumwe wemapiyona emagetsi matsva ekufamba Jaguar I-Pace anewo magetsi akazara.

Kugadzira kwacho kuchaitika sei

Gungano remotokari kufekitori rinoverengera zvikamu gumi nezvishanu kubva muzana zvechigadzirwa chose. Iwo asara makumi masere neshanu muzana anosanganisira kugadzirwa kweumwe neumwe wezvikamu zvinopfuura zviuru gumi uye pre-gungano ravo munenge zana ezviuru zvakakosha zvezvigadzirwa, izvo zvinobva zvatumirwa kumutsara wekugadzira. Motokari nhasi dzakaomarara zvakanyanya uye hushe hwezvinhu zvavo hazvvatenderi kuti zvigadziriswe zvizere nekambani yemotokari. Izvi zvinotoshanda kune vagadziri vakaita saDaimler, ayo ane dhigirii yepamusoro yekubatanidza uye nekuzvigadzira wega yezvinhu zvakaita semabhokisi emagetsi. Mazuva ayo kambani yakaburitsa pasi kudiki diki senge Ford Model T yaenda kare. Pamwe nekuti hapana zvakawanda zvakadzama muT modhi ...

Nekudaro, iko kusimba kwakasimba mukuvandudzwa kwemotokari dzemagetsi mumakore achangopfuura kwaunza matambudziko matsva zvachose kune vanogadzira mota. Sezvo ichichinjika sekugadzira kuri kuita, inowanzo sanganisira masystem egungano nemitumbi yakajairika, powertrains, uye powertrains. Izvi zvinosanganisira plug-in yemasanganiswa mamodheru, ayo asinganyanyo kusiyana musiyano kunze kwekuwedzera bhatiri nemagetsi emagetsi munzvimbo iri nyore pane chassis. Izvi ndezvechokwadi kunyangwe nemotokari dzemagetsi zvichibva pamagadziro echinyakare

Kuvakwa kwemotokari, kusanganisira emagetsi, kunoitika panguva imwe chete nekugadzirwa kwemaitiro ekugadzira, umo imwe neimwe yemakambani emota inosarudza nzira yayo yekuita. Isu hatisi kutaura nezvaTesla, ane kugadzirwa kuri kuvakwa kanenge kubva pakutanga pahwaro hwemotokari dzemagetsi, asi nezve vagadziri vanozivikanwa, izvo, zvinoenderana nezvinodiwa, zvinofanirwa kusanganisa kugadzirwa kwemotokari neyakajairwa uye emagetsi drive. Uye sezvo pasina munhu anonyatsoziva zvichaitika munguva pfupi, zvese zvinofanirwa kuchinjika zvakakwana.

Maitiro matsva ekugadzira ...

Kune vakawanda vagadziri, mhinduro ndeyekugadzirisa yavo yekugadzira mitsara kuti igone mota dzemagetsi. GM, semuenzaniso, inogadzira yakasanganiswa volt nemagetsi bhaudhi mumafekitori aripo. Dzaimbova shamwari dzePSA dzinoti dzichagadzira mota dzadzo kutora nzira imwecheteyo.

Basa raDaimler kugadzira mota dzemagetsi pasi peiyo nyowani EQ brand uye kugadzirisa mafekitori kunoenderana nekufungidzira kwe15 kusvika 25 muzana yeMercedes-Benz yekutengesa na2025. Kugadzirira izvi Nekuvandudzika kwemusika, kusanganisira kufunga nezvehuwandu hwakawanda hwekufungidzira, kambani iri kuwedzera chirimwa muSindelfingen nechirimwa chinonzi Fekitori 56. Mercedes inotsanangura chirimwa ichi se "chirimwa chekutanga chenguva yemberi" uye ichabatanidza mhinduro dzese dzehunyanzvi. ... Enya nema system anonzi. Indasitiri 4.0. Kufanana nePSA chirimwa muTremeri, chirimwa ichi uye Daimler Yakazara-Flex chirimwa muKecskemét vachakwanisa kuburitsa mota dzemagetsi pamwe neyakajairika. Kugadzira kunochinjawo paToyota, ichagadzira mota dzayo dzemagetsi muMotomachi, Toyota City. Kwemakumi emakore, kambani yakasimudza kugona kwekugadzira kuchinamato chinotevera, asi munguva pfupi haina kana vavariro dzakanyanya semukwikwidzi uye VW pamotokari dzemagetsi dzakachena.

... Kana mafekitori matsva

Havasi vese vagadziri vanotora iyi inochinja nzira. Volkswagen, semuenzaniso, iri kudyara bhiriyoni euros muchirimwa chayo cheZwickau, ichigadzira iyo chete kugadzirwa kwemotokari dzemagetsi. Iyo kambani iri kugadzirira yakati wandei, kusanganisira mamodheru emhando dzakasiyana siyana mune kunetsekana, iyo ichave yakavakirwa pane yakazara zvachose modular mapurani MEB (Modularer E-Antriebs-Baukasten). Nzvimbo yekugadzira iyo VW iri kugadzirira ichakwanisa kubata mavhoriyamu akakura, uye zvirongwa zvekambani zvine mukurumbira zvakakura zviri pamoyo pechisarudzo ichi.

Iyo inononoka kufamba munzira iyi ine yayo inonzwisisika tsananguro - yakamisikidzwa vagadziri vemotokari vanotevera yakamisikidzwa, inowirirana mapatani ekuvaka mota uye maitiro ekugadzira. Kukura kunofanirwa kuve kwakadzikama, pasina kuputsika, saTesla. Mukuwedzera, maitiro emhando yepamusoro anoda maitiro akawanda uye izvi zvinotora nguva. Kufamba kwemagetsi mukana wekuti makambani eChinese awedzere mumisika yepasirese zvakanyanya, asi ivo vanofanirwawo kutanga kugadzira mota dzakavimbika uye, pamusoro pezvose, dzakachengetedzeka kutanga.

Muchokwadi, kuvaka mapuratifomu uye kuronga maitiro ekugadzira ishoma dambudziko kune vanogadzira mota. Panyaya iyi, vane ruzivo rwakawanda kupfuura Tesla. Magadzirirwo nekugadzirwa kwepuratifomu inotyairwa nemagetsi haina kunetsa pane mota dzinofambiswa nemazuva ese - semuenzaniso, iyo yekupedzisira yakaderera chimiro ine akawanda mabhendi uye makubatanidza ayo anoda yakaoma uye inodhura kugadzira maitiro. Makambani ane ruzivo rwakawanda mukugadzirisa zvigadzirwa zvakadaro uye izvi hazvizove dambudziko kwavari, kunyanya sezvo vakawana ruzivo rwakawanda nekuvaka kwakawanda. Ichokwadi kuti kugadzirisa kwemaitiro kunotora nguva, asi mitsara yemazuva ano yekugadzira inoshanduka zvikuru munyaya iyi. Dambudziko rakakura remotokari dzemagetsi rinoramba riri nzira yekuchengetedza simba, kureva, bhatiri.