Dual-mass (dual-mass) flywheel - musimboti, magadzirirwo, akatevedzana

Neshoko rekuti slang rekuti huviri-hukuru kana huviri-nhunzi inobhururuka, pane mudziyo unonzi huviri-hukuru hwendege. Ichi chishandiso chinotendera kufambiswa kwetorque kubva kuinjini kuenda kuchinjiso uyezve kumavhiri emota. Iyo mbiri-yakawanda flywheel yakwezva kutariswa neruzhinji nekuda kweayo anowanzo kuve mashoma hupenyu. Iko kuchinjana hakusi kungoshanda chete, asi zvakare kunoda mari yemari, nekuti chikwama chine kubva pamazana akati wandei kusvika chiuru euros. Pakati pevatyairi, iwe unogona kazhinji kunzwa mubvunzo wekuti mota dzemavhiri maviri dzinoshandiswa kupi, apo pakambove pasina matambudziko nemotokari.

Dzidziso uye nhoroondo

Iyo inodzokororwa mukati memoto injini yemuchina wakaoma, kushanda kwayo kunokanganiswa muchikamu. Nechikonzero ichi, flywheel yakabatana kune crankshaft, iro basa ndere kuunganidza rakakwana kinetic simba rekukunda passive resistance panguva yekumanikidza sitiroko (isina-kushanda). Izvi zvinobudirira, pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, kufanana kunodiwa kwejini. Injini inomhanya zvakadzikama kana macylinders akawanda ane injini kana kuti hombe (inorema) flywheel. Zvisinei, vhiri rinorema rinoita kuti injini isarambe iripo uye inoderedza kugadzirira kwayo kutenderera nekukasika. Ichi chiitiko chinogona kuonekwa, semuenzaniso, ne 1,4 TDi kana 1,2 HTP injini. Iine flywheel ine simba, matatu-cylinder injini dzinomhanya zvishoma uye zvishoma zvakare. Kuipa kwemaitiro aya, semuenzaniso, kunonoka kwegiya kuchinja. Saizi yeiyo flywheel inowedzerwa nekuumbwa kwemasilinda (mu-mutsara, forogo kana boxer). Injini inopikisa inopikisa-roller injini inonyanya kuenzana kupfuura, semuenzaniso, in-line ina-cylinder injini. Naizvozvo, ine zvakare diki wheelwheel pane inofananidzwa inline mana-cylinder injini. Saizi yeiyo flywheel inokanganisawo musimboti wekupisa, semuenzaniso, emazuva ano injini dzedhiziri dzinenge dzinoda flywheel. Zvichienzaniswa nemafuta epeturu, injini dzedhiziri dzinowanzova nereshiyo yepamusoro yekudzvanya, pamusoro payo dzinoshandisa basa rakawanda - iro kinetic simba revhiri rinotenderera.

Iyo kinetic simba Ek inosanganiswa neiyo inotenderera flywheel inotariswa uchishandisa inotevera fomula:

Ec = 1/2·J ω2

(kupi J ndiyo nguva ye inertia yemuviri nezve axis yekutenderera, ω ndiko kufamba kwemakona ekutenderera kwemuviri).

Balance shafts inobatsirawo kubvisa kusaenzana kushanda, asi inoda imwe nhanho yemishini basa kuti iendese ivo. Pamusoro pekusaenzana, iyo yekudzokorora kweyakaitika yenguva ina inotungamira kune torsional vibration, iyo inokanganisa zvisizvo dhiraivha uye kutapurirana. Iyo yakajairwa inertial uremu hwemukati injini yemagetsi ine inertial massa ezvikamu zveiyo crank mashandiro (balance shafts), flywheel uye batira. Nekudaro, izvi hazvikwani kubvisa kudedera kusingadiwe mune yakasimba enjini uye kunyanya mashoma esimbi injini dzedhiziri. Nekudaro, iyo yekufambisa uye iyo yese dhiraivhu system inofanirwa kudzivirirwa kubva kune izvi zvakashata mhedzisiro, sezvo kunyanyisa resonance kunogona kuitika pane kumwe kumhanya, zvichikonzera kunyanyisa kunetseka pane crankshaft uye kufambisa, kusingafadzi muviri kudedera, uye ruzha rwemukati memotokari. Izvi zvinogona kunyatsoonekwa mumufananidzo uri pazasi, uyo unoratidza iyo vibration amplitude yeinjini uye kutapurirana neyakajairika uye maviri-mashoma mafirivhiri. Vibrations of crankshaft pakubuda kubva kuinjini uye oscillations pamusuwo wekutapurirana zvine hunyanzvi hwakaenzana uye kuwanda. Pane kumwe kumhanya, kuchinja uku kunoitika, uko kunotungamira kune dzakaratidza njodzi dzisingadiwe uye kuratidzwa.

Izvo zvinozivikanwa kuti injini dzedhiziri dzakasimba zvakanyanya kupfuura injini dzepeturu, saka zvikamu zvadzo zvinorema (crank mechanism, tambo dzekubatanidza, nezvimwewo). Kuyera uye kuenzanisa injini yakadaro idambudziko rakaoma chaizvo, mhinduro yacho ine nhevedzano yezvibatanidzwa uye zvinobva. Muchidimbu, injini yekupisa yemukati inoumbwa nenhamba yezvikamu, chimwe nechimwe chine huremu hwayo uye kuoma, izvo pamwe chete zvinoumba hurongwa hwezvitubu zve torsion. Yakadaro sisitimu yemitumbi yenyama, yakabatana nezvitubu, inotenderera kune akasiyana mafrequency panguva yekushanda (pasi pemutoro). Yekutanga yakakosha bhendi ye oscillation frequencies iri muhuwandu hwe2-10 Hz. Iyi frequency inogona kutorwa seyakasikwa uye haisati yaonekwa nemunhu. Yechipiri frequency bhendi iri pakati pe40-80 Hz, uye isu tinoona idzi vibrations sekudengenyeka, uye ruzha seruzha. Basa revagadziri nderokubvisa resonance iyi (40-80 Hz), iyo mukuita inoreva kutamira kune imwe nzvimbo iyo munhu asingafadzi zvakanyanya (anenge 10-15 Hz).

Iyo mota ine akati wandei maitiro anobvisa kusingafadze kuzunguzika uye ruzha (silent blocks, pulleys, ruzha insulation), uye nechepakati pane yakajairika disc friction clutch. Pamusoro pekufambisa torque, basa rayo nderewo kudzikamisa torsional vibrations. Iine zvitubu izvo, muchiitiko chekudedera kusingadiwe, kudzvanya uye kutora mazhinji esimba rayo. Panyaya yeinjini zhinji dzepeturu, kubatwa kweimwe clutch kwakakwana. Mutemo wakafanana wakashandiswa kumainjini edhiziri kusvika pakati pemakore ekuma90, apo iyo yengano 1,9 TDi ine Bosch VP inotenderera pombi yaikwana neyakajairwa clutch uye yekirasi single-mass flywheel.

Nekudaro, nekufamba kwenguva, injini dzedhiziri dzakatanga kupa simba rakawanda uye rakanyanya nekuda kwehuwandu uye hushoma vhoriyamu (huwandu hwesilinda), tsika yekushanda kwavo yakauya pamberi, uye, pakupedzisira asi kwete, kumanikidza kune "saw flywheel "yakagadziriswawo zvakanyanya uye zvakaomarara zviyero zvemamiriro ekunze. Pakati pese, kunyorovesa kwekudengenyeka kwechisimba kwakange kusisakwanise kupihwa neyemhando yepamusoro tekinoroji, uye nekudaro kudiwa kwemaviri-mashoma flywheel yakave chinhu chinodiwa. Kambani yekutanga kuburitsa ZMS (Zweimassenschwungrad) mbiri-mashoma flywheel yaive LuK. Kugadzirwa kwaro kwakawanda kwakatanga muna 1985, uye iyo BMW yeGerman ndiyo yekutanga automaker kuratidza kufarira muchinhu chitsva. Iyo mbiri-mashoma flywheel yakave nekuvandudzwa kwakawanda kubva ipapo, neZF-Sachs yemapuraneti giya chitima parizvino ichifungidzirwa semberi.

Dual mass flywheel - dhizaini uye basa

Mavhiri maviri-mass flywheel anoshanda seyakajairika vhiri vhiri, iro rinoitawo basa rekunyorovesa torsional vibrations nekudaro rinobvisa zvakanyanya kuzunguzika kusingadiwe uye ruzha. Iyo mbiri-mass flywheel inosiyana neyechinyakare pakuti chikamu chayo chikuru - iyo flywheel - inochinjika yakabatana kune crankshaft. Naizvozvo, muchikamu chakakosha (kusvika panhongonya yekumanikidza) inobvumira kumwe kuderera kwe crankshaft, uyezve zvakare (panguva yekuwedzera) kumwe kukurumidza. Nekudaro, kumhanya kweiyo flywheel pachayo kunoramba kuripo, saka kumhanya pakubuda kwegiya bhokisi zvakare kunoramba kuripo uye pasina vibration. Iyo mbiri mbiri huru flywheel inotamisa simba rayo rekinetic kune crankshaft, maitiro ekuita anoshanda painjini pachayo anotsvedzerera, uye nhongonya dzemasimba aya dzakadzikira zvakanyanya, saka injini inodederawo nekuzunguza imwe injini zvishoma. muviri. Iyo kupatsanurwa kuita yekutanga inertia padivi remota uye yechipiri inertia padivi regiya bhokisi inowedzera nguva yeinertia yezvikamu zvinotenderera zvegiya bhokisi. Izvi zvinofambisa resonant range kune yakaderera frequency (rpm) pane yekumhanya isina basa uye nekudaro iri kunze kweiyo nhanho yekushanda kweinjini. Nenzira iyi, iyo torsional vibrations inogadzirwa neinjini inoparadzaniswa kubva kune kutapurirana, uye ruzha rwekutapurirana uye kutinhira kwemuviri hakuchaitiki. Nekuda kwekuti zvikamu zvekutanga uye zvechipiri zvakabatanidzwa ne torsional vibration damper, zvinokwanisika kushandisa clutch disc pasina torsional suspension.

Iyo dual-mass flywheel inoshandawo seyakanzi shock absorber. Izvi zvinoreva kuti inobatsira kudzikisira kurova kweclutch panguva yekuchinja kwegiya (apo injini yekumhanya inoda kuenzana nekumhanya kwevhiri) uye zvakare inobatsira kutanga kwakapfava. Nekudaro, zvinhu zvinosimba (zvitubu) zviri muviri-mass flywheel zvinogara zvichineta uye zvinobvumira flywheel kuti ifambe yakafara uye nyore maererano ne crankshaft. Dambudziko rinomuka kana vatoneta - vanodhonzwa zvachose. Pamusoro pekutambanudza zvitubu, kupfeka kweflywheel kunorevawo kusundira kunze maburi pamapini ekukiya. Saka, iyo flywheel haingodzikisi maoscillations (oscillations), asi, pane zvinopesana, inovasika. Inomira pamiganho yakanyanyisa yekutenderera kweflywheel inotanga kuoneka, kazhinji semapundu paunenge uchichinja magiya, kutanga, mumamiriro ese ezvinhu apo clutch yakabatikana kana kubviswa, kana pakuchinja kukurumidza. Kupfeka kucharatidzawo senge jerky kutanga-ups, yakawandisa vibration uye ruzha rwakatenderedza 2000 rpm, kana kuwandisa vibration pasina kuita. Kazhinji, mavhiri maviri anobhururuka anosangana nekushushikana kukuru muinjini shoma (semutatu / mana masilinda) uko kusaenzana kwakakura kupfuura mumasilinda matanhatu einjini.

Nechimiro, iyo mbiri-mashoma flywheel ine yekutanga flywheel, yechipiri flywheel, yemukati damper uye yekunze damper.

Maitiro Ekukanganisa / Kuwedzera Hupenyu hweDhiviri Misa Flywheel?

Hupenyu hweFlywheel hunokanganiswa nemagadzirirwo ayo pamwe nemidziyo yeinjini mairi. Iyo furuwheel yakafanana kubva kumugadziri mumwe chete inomhanya makiromita mazana matatu pane mamwe mainjini, uye pane vamwe inotora hafu chete chikamu. Chinangwa chekutanga chaive chekugadzira maviri-mashoma mafirivhiri anokwanisa kurarama kusvika zera rimwechete (km) semota yese. Nehurombo, muchokwadi, iyo flywheel inowanzo inoda kutsiviwa kare, kazhinji pamberi pekirabhu disc. Kuwedzera dhizaini yeinjini uye iyo mbiri-yemahara flywheel pachayo, conductor inokanganisa zvakanyanya hupenyu hwayo hwebasa. Mamiriro ese ezvinhu anotungamira mukufambiswa kwekurohwa mune imwe nzira kana imwe kunoderedza hupenyu hwayo hwebasa.

Kuti uwedzere hupenyu hweDual Mass Flywheel, hazvikurudzirwe kugara uchityaira injini yepasi (kunyanya pazasi 1500 rpm), dzvanya clutch zvakasimba (zvichida pasina kuchinja kana uchichinja magiya), uye kwete kudzikisa injini (kureva bhureki). injini). chete nekumhanya kunonzwisisika). Zvinowanzoitika kuti pakumhanya kwe80 km / h iwe unovhura kwete yechipiri giya, asi yechitatu kana yechina uye zvishoma nezvishoma uchienda kune yakaderera giya). Vamwe vagadziri vanokurudzira (panyaya iyi VW) kuti kana motokari yakamira nemotokari yakamira pabhangi rakapfava, handbrake inofanira kutanga yaiswa kwozoiswa giya (reverse kana XNUMXth gear). Zvikasadaro, mota ichafamba zvishoma uye dual-mass flywheel inopinda mune inonzi kubatanidzwa kwechigarire, zvichikonzera kukakavara (kutambanudza kwezvitubu). Naizvozvo, zvinokurudzirwa kuti usashandise kumhanya kwechikomo, uye kana zvakadaro, chete mushure mekubhureki mota nebhureki remaoko, kuti usakonzere kufamba kudiki uye kunotevera kwenguva refu mutoro - kuvhara nzira yekufambisa, i.e. dual-mass flywheel. . Kuwedzera kwekushisa kwe clutch disc kunobatanidzawo zvakananga nekuderedzwa kwehupenyu hwehuviri-mass flywheel. Iyo clutch inopisa, kunyanya kana uchikweva turera inorema kana imwe mota, uchityaira kunze kwemugwagwa, etc. Iyo clutch inozvivhura yega kunyangwe injini yakaputsika. Izvo zvinofanirwa kucherechedzwa kuti kupisa kunopenya kubva kune clutch disc kunotungamirira mukupisa kwezvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana zveflywheel (kunyanya kana iri lubricant leak), iyo inowedzera kukanganisa hupenyu hwebasa.

Kugadzirisa - kutsiva kweiyo dual-mass flywheel uye kutsiva neyakajairwa flywheel

Iko hakuna chinhu chakadai sekugadzirisa vhiri rekubhururuka rakanyanya kupera. Kugadzirisa kunosanganisira kutsiva flywheel pamwe chete ne clutch assembly (lamellae, compression spring, bearings). Kugadzirisa kwese kunonetsa (anenge maawa 8-10), kana zvakakodzera kubvisa gearbox, uye dzimwe nguva kunyange injini. Zvechokwadi, hatifaniri kukanganwa pamusoro pemari, apo iyo inodhura inobhururuka inotengeswa inenge 400 euros, iyo inodhura zvikuru - inodarika 2000 euros. Sei uchishandura clutch disc ichiri mumamiriro akanaka? Asi nekuda kwekuti kana uchisevhisi clutch disc, ingori nyaya yenguva isati yaenda, uye iyi nzira inopedza nguva, iyo inodhura kakawanda kupfuura clutch disc, ichafanirwa kudzokororwa. Paunenge uchitsiva vhiri rinobhururuka, ipfungwa yakanaka kuona kana paine shanduro yakaoma kwazvo inogona kubata mamaira akawanda - inotsigirwa uye yakatenderwa nemugadziri wemotokari, hongu.

Kazhinji iwe unogona kuwana ruzivo nezve kutsiva maviri-mashoma flywheel neyekutanga imwe, mune iyo lamellas ine torsion damper inoshandiswa. Sezvambotaurwa muzvinyorwa zvakapfuura, iyo mbiri-mashoma flywheel, mukuwedzera kune ayo ari nyore mabasa, zvakare anoita basa reiyo torsional vibration damper, iyo inokanganisa zvakashata mamiriro ezvinhu enzvimbo dzinofamba dzeinjini (crankshaft) kana gearbox. Kune imwe nhanho, vibration damping inogona zvakare kubviswa neye yakabuda ndiro yacho pachayo, asi haigone kupa zvakafanana kuita seyakawedzera simba uye yakaoma mbiri-mashoma flywheel. Uyezve, dai zvaive zvakapusa kudaro, ingadai yakagara ichiitwa nevagadziri vemota nevaridzi vayo vemari, vanogara vachishanda kudzikisa mutengo. Naizvozvo, kazhinji hazvikurudzirwi kutsiva huremuviri hwendegevhiri nehuremu hwendege.

Usatarisira pasi kutsiva yakapera nhunzi

Izvo hazvikurudzirwe kudzosera kumashure kumisikidza iyo yakanyanyisa kupfeka flywheel. Pamusoro pekuratidzwa kuri pamusoro, kune njodzi yekusunungura (kupatsanura) kwechimwe chikamu cheflywheel. Kunze kwekuparadza iyo furuwheel pachayo, injini kana kufambisa zvinogona zvakare kukuvara zvinouraya. Yakawandisa flywheel kupfeka zvakare inokanganisa iko kushanda kweinjini yekumhanyisa sensor. Sezvo zvinhu zvemuchirimo zvinopera zvishoma nezvishoma, iwo maviri mafirivhiri zvikamu zvinotsauka zvakanyanya nekuwedzera kudzamara zvadonha kunze kwekushivirira kwakaiswa muchikamu chekutonga. Dzimwe nguva izvi zvinotungamira kune yekukanganisa meseji, uye dzimwe nguva, pane zvinopesana, iyo unit yekuyedza inoedza kugadzirisa uye kudzora injini zvichibva pane zvisiri izvo data. Izvi zvinotungamira mukusaita zvakanaka uye, mune yakaipa kesi, matambudziko ekutanga-kumusoro. Dambudziko iri rakajairika neinjini dzekare uko crankshaft sensor inoona kufamba parutivi rwekubuda kweiyo mbiri-mashoma flywheel. Vagadziri vakabvisa dambudziko iri nekushandura iyo inowedzera, saka mumainjini matsva inoona iyo crankshaft kumhanya pane iyo flywheel inlet.