Injini dzeDHHC neSOHC: mutsauko, zvakanakira nekuipira

Asati asarudza motokari, muridzi wemotokari yeramangwana anotarisana nehuwandu hwemashoko, achienzanisa zviuru zvemaitiro. Iyi nhamba inosanganisira rudzi rwejini, pamwe chete nekugadzirisa kwemusoro we cylinder, iyo ichakurukurwa mberi. Chii chinonzi DOHC uye SOHC injini, chii musiyano wavo, mudziyo, zvakanakira uye nekuipira - verenga.

📌Chii chinonzi SOHC injini

 Single Over Head Camshaft (single overhead camshaft) - mota dzakadaro dzaive pamusoro pekuzivikanwa mu60-70s yezana ramakore rapfuura. Iyo marongero ndeye camshaft yepamusoro (mumusoro wecylinder), pamwe neakawanda marongero evharuvhu:

• kugadziriswa kwevhavha kuburikidza nemaoko edombo, ayo akaiswa pane yakasarudzika ekisero, nepo iwo ekudyiwa uye ekupedza mavharuvhu akarongedzwa muV-chimiro. Sisitimu yakafanana yaishandiswa zvakanyanya pamotokari dzeAmerica, injini yeUZAM-412 yekumba, yaive yakakurumbira nekuda kweiyo yakanakisa humburumbira kuridza;
• actuation yemagetsi achishandisa ma rocker, ayo anoitwa nesimba re cams yeiyo inotenderera shaft, nepo mavhavha akarongedzwa mutsetse;
• kuvapo kwemapush (hydraulic lifters kana thrust bearings), ayo ari pakati pevharuvha uye nekamhaft cam.

Nhasi, vazhinji vanogadzira mota vane injini-ye8-vharafu vanoshandisa iyo SOHC dhizaini senge yekutanga, inoenderana yakachipa vhezheni

SOHC injini nhoroondo

Muna 1910, kambani yeMaudslay yakashandisa mhando yekuparadzira gasi, yaive yakakosha panguva iyoyo pamamodeli makumi matatu nemaviri. Chinhu chinoshamisa cheinjini ine nguva yakadai ndechekuti pane camshaft imwe chete muchimisikidzo, uye yaive pamusoro pemasilindiri mumusoro we block.

Yese vharuvhu inogona kutyairwa nema rocker maoko, rockers kana cylindrical pusher. Dzimwe injini, senge iyo Triumph Dolomite Sprint ICE, inoshandisa akasiyana vharafu actuator. Boka rekupinda rinotyairwa nema pusher, uye iro boka rekuburitsa rinotyairwa nema rockers. Uye pane izvi, imwe camshaft yakashandiswa.

📌Chii chinonzi DOHC injini

 Chii chinonzi DOHC injini (maviri epamusoro camshafts) - ishanduro yakagadziridzwa yeSOHC, nekuda kwekuvapo kwemakamshafts maviri, zvaikwanisika kuwedzera nhamba yevhavha pa cylinder (kazhinji mavharuvhu mana), marudzi maviri ekugadzirisa ari kushandiswa ikozvino. :

• mavharuvhu maviri pa cylinder - mavharuvhu anofanana kune mumwe nemumwe, imwe shaft kune rumwe rutivi;
• mavharuvhu mana kana anopfuura pahumburumbira - mavharuvhu akaiswa akafanana, imwe shaft ye4-cylinder injini inogona kubva pa2 kusvika ku3 mavharuvhu (VAG 1.8 20V ADR injini).

Dzakanyanya kupararira ndeemota dzeDHHC nekuda kwekukwanisa kusiyanisa zvikamu zvekudya uye zvekupedza, pamwe nekuwedzera kwenhamba yemavharuvhu pasina kuwandisa macams. Zvino turbocharged injini chete vane marongerwo maviri kana kupfuura camshafts, kupa yepamusoro kunyatsoshanda.

Nhoroondo yekusikwa kweinjini yeDHHC

Vane mainjiniya ePeugeot vaibatanidzwa mukuvandudzwa kweinjini yedhijitari yenguva. Chikwata ichi chakazodaidzwa kunzi "Bhendi reVane". Vasati vatanga kugadzira chirongwa cheiyi powertrain, ivo vana vakabudirira mumijaho yemotokari. Panguva yekutora kwavo kumhanyisa, yakanyanya injini yekumhanyisa muganho yaive zviuru zviviri paminiti. Asi mujaho wese anoda kuti mota yake ikurumidze.

Uku kusimudzira kwaive kwakavakirwa padanho rakataurwa naZukkareli. Zvinoenderana nepfungwa yake, iyo camshaft yekuparadzira gasi michina yakaiswa pamusoro peboka revharuvhu. Nekuda kweizvi, ivo vagadziri vakakwanisa kusabvisa zvisina basa zvikamu kubva mukugadzirwa kwesimba remagetsi. Uye kuitira kuvandudza kushanda zvakanaka kwekuparadzira gasi, imwe vharuvhu inorema yakatsiviwa neakareruka maviri. Uyezve, imwe camshaft yakashandiswa mukutora uye kupedza mavharuvhu.

Mumwe wake, Henri, akaita masvomhu akafanira kuunza pfungwa yeyakagadziridzwa dhizaini dhizaini mukuvandudza. Zvinoenderana nekuverenga kwake, simba reinjini yemoto yemukati inogona kuwedzerwa nekuwedzera vhoriyamu yemusanganiswa wemhepo-yemafuta unopinda mumasilinda mune kumwe kutenderera kwesimba remagetsi. Izvi zvakawanikwa nekuisa mavhavha madiki maviri mumusoro we cylinder. Vachaita basa racho zvakanyanya nemazvo kupfuura rimwe vharuvhu ine dhayamita yakakura.

Muchiitiko ichi, iyo BTC ichapinda masilinda mune zvidiki uye zviri nani zvakasanganiswa zvikamu. Kuvonga neizvi, kushandiswa kwemafuta kwakaderedzwa, uye simba rayo, pane zvinopesana, rakawedzerwa. Iyi budiriro yakagashira kuzivikanwa, uye yakaitwa mune mazhinji emagetsi emagetsi emazuva ano.

DOHC ine mavhavha maviri pasirinda

Nhasi, marongero akadaro anenge asiri kushandiswa. Mumakumi manomwe ezana ramakore rechimakumi maviri, iyo-shaft sevhiri-sevhiri injini yakanzi 70OHC, uye yaishandiswa mumitambo yemitambo yakadai seAlfa Romeo, rally "Moskvich-2" yakavakirwa paSOHC mhando silinda musoro. 

DOHC ine mavhavha mana pasirinda

Chimiro chakapararira icho chawana nzira yacho pasi pehodhi yezviuru zvemotokari. Kutenda macamshafts maviri, zvakave nyore kuisa mavharuvhu mana pasirinda, zvinoreva kuti kunyatsoshanda nekuda kwekuzadza nekuchenesa humburumbira. 

📌DOHC inosiyana sei neSOHC uye kubva kune mamwe marudzi enjini

Musiyano mukuru pakati pemhando mbiri dzemota huwandu hwecamshafts uye yevhavhaji yekumisikidza mashini. Mune yekutanga neyechipiri kesi, iyo camshaft inogara iri mumusoro we cylinder, mavhavha anotyairwa kuburikidza ne rocker maoko, rockers kana hydraulic lifters. Zvinotendwa kuti V-vharuvhu SOHC uye 16-vharuvhu DOHC ine simba rakafanana uye torque inogona nekuda kwekugadzirwa maficha.

📌DOHC zvakanakira nekuipira

Pane zvakafanira:

• mafuta anoshanda;
• simba rakakwirira richienzaniswa nemamwe marongero;
• mikana yakawanda yekuwedzera simba;
• ruzha rwekushandisa rudiki nekuda kwekushandisa kwe hydraulic vanobhadharisa.

Kukanganisa:

• zvimwe zvipfeko zvinopfeka - zvinodhura zvakanyanya kugadzirisa nekugadzirisa;
• njodzi yedanho kunze-kwe-sync nekuda kwekusununguka kwecheni kana bhandi renguva;
• kunzwisiswa kwehutano uye huwandu hwemafuta.

📌SOHC zvakanakira nekuipira

Pane zvakafanira:

• yakachipa uye yakapusa yekugadzirisa nekuda kwekureruka dhizaini;
• iko kugona kuisa turbocharged neV-yakaita vharuvhu kurongeka;
• mukana wekuzvigadzirisa wega wekuchengetedza mota.

Kukanganisa:

• mune zvakawanda nzira dzakaderera kushanda, zvine hukama neDHHC;
• kushandiswa kwakanyanya maererano neinjini-16-vheji injini nekuda kwesimba risina kukwana;
• kwakanyanya kuderedzwa kweinjini hupenyu panguva yekugadzirisa;
• kudiwa kwekutarisisa kutarisisa kune iyo system system (yekugadzirisa mavhavha, kuongorora ma pusher, kutsiva bhanhire renguva).

Mukupedzisa, isu tinopa pfupi vhidhiyo nezve mutsauko uripakati pemhando mbiri idzi dzemota:

SOHC vs. DOHC | autotechlabs

Mibvunzo nemhinduro:

Ndeapi mota ane injini dzeDHHC. DOHC gasi yekuparadzira mota yakashandiswa mumotokari kubvira ma1960. Pakutanga, kwaive nadzurudzo pamwe mavharuvhu maviri pa humburumbira (mumwe mugomo, mumwe nzira chokubuda). Iyo yekudyira uye yekupedza mavharuvhu aivimba pane imwe camshaft. Kwapera chinguva, pakamuka bhanhire renguva rine camshafts maviri, humburumbira chete hunovimba nemavharuvhu mana (maviri panopinda, maviri panobuda). Chinyorwa chakazara cheinjini dzakadai chinonetsa kuumbiridza, asi iyo automaker inoratidza iyi gadziriso yemagetsi ekuparadzira mashandiro pamwe nerunyoro rwakakodzera pane humburumbira musoro kavha kana mune zvinyorwa zvehunyanzvi.

Ndeapi michina SOHC injini. Kana iyo mota iri yehupfumi kirasi, saka zvingangodaro kuti gasi rekuparadzira injini yemuenzaniso iyi ichave necamshaft imwe yemagetsi ese. Yepamusoro mukurumbira injini dzakadaro anowira panopera 60s uye 70s, asi motokari ano, okunatsiridza simba dzakabatana ane gasi mugove nzira. Iyi mhando yenguva inoratidzirwa nerunyoro runoenzanirana pane iyo humburumbira musoro kavha.