Wankel injini - chishandiso uye musimboti wekushanda kweRPD mota
Articles,  Mota mudziyo,  Injini yekushandisa

Wankel injini - chishandiso uye musimboti wekushanda kweRPD mota

Munhoroondo yese yeindasitiri yemotokari, pakave nemhinduro zhinji dzepamberi, dhizaini yezvinhu uye magungano zvachinja. Anopfuura makore makumi matatu apfuura, kuyedza kushingairira kwakatanga kuchinjisa injini yepistoni kudivi, ichipa mukana kune Wankel rotary piston injini. Nekudaro, nekuda kwemamiriro mazhinji, mota dzinotenderera hadzina kugamuchira kodzero yavo yehupenyu. Verenga nezve zvese izvi pazasi.

Wankel injini - chishandiso uye musimboti wekushanda kweRPD mota

Ainoita

Iyo rotor ine chimiro chechetatu, kudivi rega ine chimiro chakavezwa chinoita sepiston. Rutivi rumwe nerumwe rweroroti rine zororo rakakosha rinopa nzvimbo yakawanda yemafuta-emhepo musanganiswa, nokudaro ichiwedzera injini yekumhanyisa mhanyisa. Musoro wemakona unogadzirirwa nechidiki chekuisa chisimbiso chinobatsira kuitiswa kwese kurova. Pamativi ese ari maviri rotor yakagadzirirwa nemhete dzekuisa chisimbiso dzinoumba madziro emakamuri. Pakati peiyo rotor yakagadzirirwa mazino, nerubatsiro rweiyo michina inotenderera.

Nheyo yekushanda kweinjini yeWankel yakasiyana zvachose neyechinyakare, zvisinei, ivo vakabatana neyakaitika nzira imwechete ine kurohwa kwe4 (kudya-kumanikidza-kushanda sitiroko-kupera). Mafuta anopinda mukamuri yekutanga yakaumbwa, inomanikidza mune yechipiri, ipapo rotor inotenderera uye musanganiswa wakatsindirwa unopiswa neparaki, mushure mekunge musanganiswa unoshanda watenderera rotor ndokuenda kune yakawanda chiutsi. Chinhu chikuru chinosiyanisa ndechekuti mune inotenderera pisitoni mota, iyo yekushandira imba haina kumira, asi inoumbwa nekufamba kweiyo rotor.

Wankel injini - chishandiso uye musimboti wekushanda kweRPD mota

Device

Usati wanzwisisa chishandiso, iwe unofanirwa kuziva zvakakosha zvinhu zvemota yepisitoni mota. Injini yeWankel inosanganisira:

  • stator dzimba;
  • rotor;
  • seti yemagiya;
  • eccentric mugodhi;
  • spark plugs (kuvesa uye kupisa).

Iyo mota inotenderera chinhu chemukati chemoto. Mune ino mota, ese mana kurohwa kwebasa kunoitika zvizere, zvisinei, pachikamu chimwe nechimwe pane kamuri yayo, iyo inoumbwa neiyo rotor nekutenderera kufamba. 

Kana kuvesa kwabatidzwa, iyo Starter inoshandura furuwhe uye injini inotanga. Inotenderera, iyo rotor, kuburikidza nekorona yegiya, inoendesa iyo torque kune eccentric shaft (yeinjini yepiston, iyi camshaft). 

Mhedzisiro yebasa reinjini yeWankel inofanirwa kuve kuumbwa kwekumanikidza kwemusanganiswa unoshanda, kumanikidza iwo mafambiro e rotor kudzokororazve, kuendesa torque kune kutapurirana. 

In ichi injini, sepombi, Piston, crankshaft pamwe unobatanidza tsvimbo kutsiva yose stator pekugara ane rotor. Nekuda kweizvi, huwandu hweinjini hwaderedzwa zvakanyanya, nepo simba racho rakanyanya kukwirisa kupfuura iro remota diki ine crank michina, iine vhoriyamu yakafanana. Iyi dhizaini ine yakakwirira gearbox zvakare nekuda kwekudzikira kwekukwesana kurasika.

Nenzira, injini yekumhanyisa injini inogona kudarika 7000 rpm, neinjini yeMazda Wankel (yemakwikwi emitambo) inodarika 10000 rpm. 

patani

Imwe yemabhenefiti makuru echikamu ichi iko compactness uye kureruka huremu kana ichienzaniswa neyekare injini dzesaizi yakaenzana. Iyo dhizaini inobvumidza iwe kudzikisa zvakanyanya pakati pesimba rinokwevera pasi, uye izvi zvinokanganisa kugadzikana uye kupinza kwekutonga. Ndege diki, mota dzemitambo uye mota dzakashandisa uye dzichiri kushandisa mukana uyu. 

Wankel injini - chishandiso uye musimboti wekushanda kweRPD mota

История

Nhoroondo yekwakatangira uye kupararira kweinjini yeWankel ichakubvumidza iwe kuti unzwisise zvirinani kuti nei yaive injini yakanakisa muzuva rayo, uye nei yakasiiwa nhasi

Zviitiko zvekutanga

Muna 1951, kambani yeGermany NSU Motorenwerke yakagadzira injini mbiri: yekutanga - naFelix Wankel, pasi pezita DKM, uye yechipiri - KKM yaHans Paschke (yakabva pakugadzirwa kweWankel). 

Hwaro hwekushanda kwechikwata cheWankel kwaive kutenderera kwakasiyana kwemuviri uye Rotor, nekuda kwekuti shanduko dzekushanda dzakasvika 17000 paminiti. Izvo zvisina kunetsa ndezvekuti injini yaifanirwa kubvarurwa kutsiva plugs. Asi injini yeKKM yaive nemuviri wakagadzika uye dhizaini yacho yaive yakapusa pane huru prototype.

Wankel injini - chishandiso uye musimboti wekushanda kweRPD mota

Yakabudiswa marezinesi

Muna 1960, NSU Motorenwerke yakasaina chibvumirano nekambani yekuAmerica yekugadzira Curtiss-Wright Corporation. Chibvumirano ichi chaive chemaGerman mainjiniya kutarisisa mukuvandudzwa kweinjini dzinotenderera dzepisitoni dzemotokari dzakareruka, nepo American Curtis-Wright yaiita basa rekugadzira enjini dzendege. German mechanical engineer Max Bentele akabhadharwawo semuumbi. 

Iyo yakawanda kwazvo yevanogadzira mota epasirese, kusanganisira Citroen, Porsche, Ford, Nissan, GM, Mazda nevamwe vazhinji. Muna 1959, kambani yeAmerica yakaunza yakavandudzwa vhezheni yeWankel injini, uye gore rakazotevera Britain Rolls Royce yakaratidza yayo-nhanho dhiziri rotary pisitoni injini.

Zvichakadaro, vamwe vekuEurope vatyairi vakatanga kuyedza kushongedzera mota neinjini nyowani, asi havazi vese vakawana mashandisiro avo: GM yakaramba, Citroen yakagadziriswa mukugadzira injini ine ma-anti-piston enhandare, uye Mercedes-Benz yakaisa injini ye roton piston mune yekuyedza C 111 modhi. 

Muna 1961, muSoviet Union, NAMI, pamwe chete nemamwe masangano ekutsvagisa, akatanga kuvandudza injini yeWankel. Mazhinji masarudzo akagadzirwa, imwe yacho yakawana mashandisiro ayo mumotokari yeVAZ-2105 yeKGB. Iyo chaiyo nhamba yemamota akaungana haazivikanwe, asi haipfuure gumi nemaviri. 

Sezvineiwo, makore gare gare, chete motokari kambani "Mazda" akawana kushandiswa rotary piston injini. Muenzaniso unoshamisa weiyi ndiyo RX-8 modhi.

Dhudhudhu kuvandudza

KuBritain, mugadziri wemidhudhudhu Norton Midhudhudhu akagadzira iyo Sachs mweya-yakatonhorera rotary pisitoni injini yemota. Iwe unogona kudzidza zvakawanda nezve kusimudzira nekuverenga nezve mudhudhudhu weHercules W-2000.

Suzuki haana kumira padivi, uye akaburitsawo yake mudhudhudhu. Nekudaro, mainjiniya akanyatso gadzira dhizaini yemota, akashandisa ferroalloy, iyo yakawedzera zvakanyanya kuvimbika uye hupenyu hwebasa yeyuniti.

Wankel injini - chishandiso uye musimboti wekushanda kweRPD mota

Kubudirira kwemotokari

Mushure mekusaina chibvumirano chekutsvaga pakati peMazda neNSU, makambani akatanga kukwikwidza kukwikwidza mukugadzirwa kwemotokari yekutanga neWankel unit. Nekuda kweizvozvo, muna 1964, NSU yakapa mota yayo yekutanga, iyo NSU Spider, mukupindura, Mazda yakapa prototype ye2 ne4-rotor injini. Mushure memakore matatu, NSU Motorenwerke akaburitsa iyo Ro 3 modhi, asi akagamuchira yakawanda isina kunaka kuongororwa nekuda kwekutadza kuzhinji kubva kumashure kwechimiro chisina kukwana dhizaini. Dambudziko iri harina kugadziriswa kusvika muna80, uye kambani yakatorwa neAudi 1972 makore gare gare, uye injini dzeWankel dzakange dzave kutozivikanwa.

Mugadziri wechiJapan Mazda akazivisa kuti mainjiniya avo agadzirisa dambudziko rekuisa chisimbiso kumusoro (kuitira kusimba pakati pemakamuri), vakatanga kushandisa mota kwete chete mumitambo yemitambo, asiwo mumotokari dzekutengesa. Nenzira, varidzi veMazda mota dzine injini ye rotary vakacherekedza iyo yepamusoro yekumhanyisa mhinduro uye kusimba kweinjini.

Mazda yakazosiya kuiswa kukuru kweinjini yepamusoro, ichingoiisa chete paRX-7 uye RX-8 modhi. Kune iyo RX-8, injini yeRenesis yakagadzirirwa, iyo yakagadziridzwa munzira dzakawanda, dzinoti:

  • yakasiya misha yekudzimisa mweya yekuvandudza blownown, iyo yakanyanya kuwedzera simba;
  • akawedzera zvimwe zvedongo zvikamu zvekudzivirira kupisa kwekushisa;
  • yakanyatsofungidzirwa-kunze kwemagetsi enjini manejimendi system;
  • kuvapo kwemapulagi maviri eparaki (main uye yeapishure);
  • kuwedzera jekete remvura kubvisa kabhoni mari panzvimbo.

Nekuda kweizvozvo, yakaumbirwa injini yemagetsi ine huwandu hwe1.3 litres, uye ichivandudza simba rinenge 231 hp.

Wankel injini - chishandiso uye musimboti wekushanda kweRPD mota

zvakwakanakira

Iwo makuru mabhenefiti einotenderera pisitoni injini:

  1. Kurema kwayo kwakadzika uye kukura, izvo zvinokanganisa zvakananga hwaro hwekugadzirwa kwemotokari. Ichi chinhu chakakosha kana uchigadzira mota yemitambo ine yakadzika nzvimbo yegiravhiti.
  2. Mashoko mashoma. Izvi hazvibvumire iwe chete kudzikisa mutengo wekuchengetedza mota, asi zvakare kudzikisa kurasikirwa kwesimba kwekufamba kana kutenderera kwezvikamu zvinoenderana. Ichi chinhu chakanangidzira kwakanyanya kugona.
  3. Iine vhoriyamu imwechete seinjini yepiston yechinyakare, simba reinjini yepisitoni inokwidza kakapetwa ka2-3.
  4. Smoothness uye elasticity yebasa, kusavapo kunooneka kudedera nekuda kwekuti hapana kudzokorodza mafambiro ezvikamu zvikuru.
  5. Injini inogona kupihwa simba neakaderera octane peturu.
  6. Iyo yakafara yekumhanyisa mhanyisa renji inobvumidza kushandiswa kwekutapurirana neapfupi magiya, ayo ari akakodzera zvakanyanya kumatunhu mamiriro
  7. Iyo torufu "shefu" inopihwa ⅔ yekutenderera, uye kwete kwekota, senge muOtto injini.
  8. Injini yemafuta inenge isina kusvibiswa, iyo yekudonha nguva yakawanda yakafara zvakapetwa. Pano, mafuta haasi pasi pemoto, senge mumapiston motors, maitiro aya anoitika kuburikidza nezvindori.
  9. Iko hakuna kudzivirirwa.

Zviya, zvave zvichiratidza kuti kunyange kana injini iri pamucheto simba, anonwa yakawanda mafuta, unoshanda panguva yakaderera compression, simba rayo achaderera zvishoma. Yakanga iri chiremerera iyo yakandipa chiokomuhomwe kune kuiswa kweinotenderera pisitoni injini mundege.

Pamwe pamwe nezvakanakira zvakanaka, kune zvimwe zvinokanganisa zvakatadzisa iyo yepamusoro rotary pisitoni injini kuti isvike kune vazhinji.

 kutadza

  1. Maitiro ekupisa haana kunyatsokwana, nekuda kwekuti mafuta anowedzera uye hunyoro hunodzikira. Dambudziko rinogadziriswa zvishoma nekuvapo kwepiri plug plug inopisa musanganiswa unoshanda.
  2. Kushandiswa kwemafuta akawanda. Iko kusakosha kuri nekuda kwekuti injini dzeWankel dzakanyoroveswa zvakanyanya, uye mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzimwe nguva mafuta anogona kupisa. Iko kune yakawandisa yemafuta munzvimbo dzemoto dzinokonzeresa kuumba kabhoni. Vakaedza kubata nedambudziko iri nekuisa "kupisa" mapaipi anovandudza kupisa kupisa uye kuenzanisa tembiricha yemafuta mukati meinjini.
  3. Dambudziko mukugadzirisa. Havasi vese nyanzvi dzakagadzirira kuita hunyanzvi kugadzirisa injini yeWankel. Nechimiro, chikamu hachina kuomarara kupfuura mota yechinyakare, asi pane akawanda ma nuances, kusachengeta ayo anotungamira kukundikana kweinjini. Kune izvi tinowedzera mutengo wakakwira wekugadzirisa.
  4. Yakaderera zviwanikwa. Kune varidzi veMazda RX-8, mileage ye80 km zvinoreva kuti inguva yekugadzirisa kukuru. Zvinosuruvarisa, kuumbika kwakadai uye kugona kwakanyanya kunofanirwa kubhadharwa nekugadzirisa kunodhura uye kwakaomarara kwemakiromita zviuru mazana masere kusvika zviuru zana.

Mibvunzo nemhinduro:

Ndeupi musiyano uripo pakati peinjini inotenderera nepiston? Iko hakuna pistons mune inotenderera mota, izvo zvinoreva kuti kudzoreredza mafambiro haashandiswe kutenderedza mukati memoto injini shaft - rotor inokurumidza kutenderera mairi.

Chii chinonzi rotary injini mumotokari? Iyi inhengo yekushisa (inoshanda nekuda kwekupisa kwemhepo-mafuta musanganiswa), chete inoshandisa rotor inotenderera, iyo iyo shaft yakagadziriswa, iyo inoenda kubhokisi rebhokisi.

Nei injini inotenderera yakashata kudaro? Iko kusakosha kukuru kwemotokari inotenderera idiki shoma rekushanda nekuda kwekukurumidza kupfeka kwezvisimbiso pakati pemakamuri ekupisa eyuniti (iyo kona yekushanda inogara ichichinja uye inodonha tembiricha).

Voeg