Mazda SkyActiv G injini - peturu uye SkyActiv D - dhiziri

Vagadziri vemotokari vanovavarira kuderedza kuburitswa kweCO₂ zvakasiyana. Dzimwe nguva zviri, semuenzaniso, o Compromises inoshandura mufaro wekutyaira kuenda padivi. Zvisinei, Mazda yakasarudza kuenda kune imwe nzira uye kucheka kubudiswa nemhinduro itsva-in-one isingatore kufara kwekutyaira. Pamusoro peiyo dhizaini nyowani yepeturu nedhiziri, mhinduro inosanganisirawo chassis nyowani, muviri uye gearbox. Kuderedza huremu hwemotokari yese kunofambidzana nehunyanzvi hutsva.

Zvidzidzo zvenguva pfupi yapfuura zvinoratidza kuti injini dzemoto dzakajairwa dzicharamba dzichitonga nyika yemotokari kwemakore gumi nemashanu anotevera, saka zvakakodzera kuenderera mberi nekuisa mari yakawanda mukuzvigadzira. Sezvaunoziva, mazhinji emakemikari emagetsi ari mumafuta haashandurwe kuita basa remagetsi panguva yekupisa, asi rinobuda muchimiro chekupisa kwemarara kuburikidza nepombi dzekuburitsa, radiator, nezvimwewo uye vanotsanangurawo kurasikirwa kunokonzerwa nekupokana kwe zvikamu zvemakanika zveinjini. Mukugadzira chizvarwa chitsva cheSkyActiv peturu neinjini dzedhiziri, mainjiniya kubva kuHiroshima, Japan, vakatarisa pazvinhu zvitanhatu zvikuru zvinopesvedzera kushandiswa nekubuda kwemhepo:

• compression ratio,
• chiyero chemafuta kumhepo,
• nguva yechikamu chekupisa chemusanganiswa,
• nguva yechikamu chekupisa chemusanganiswa,
• kupomba kurasikirwa,
• kukweshana kwezvikamu zvemakanika zveinjini.

Panyaya yeinjini dzepeturu nedhiziri, compression ratio uye kudzikiswa kwekurasika kwakaratidza kuti ndizvo zvakanyanya kukosha mukuderedza kuburitswa uye kushandiswa kwemafuta.

Injini SkyActiv D

Iyo 2191 cc injini yakashongedzerwa ine high pressure common rail jekiseni system ine piezoelectric jekiseni. Iyo inoratidzira yakaderera yakaderera yekumanikidza reshiyo ye14,0 chete: 1 yedhiziri. Recharging inopiwa nepeya yeturbocharger yehukuru hwakasiyana, iyo ine mhedzisiro yakanaka pakudzikisa kunonoka mumhinduro yeinjini kudzvanya accelerator pedal. Chitima chevharuvhu chinosanganisira kufamba kwevharuvhu, iyo inodziya nekukurumidza kana injini ichitonhora, sezvo mamwe magasi ekupedza anodzokera kumasilinda. Nekuda kwekutendeseka kutonhora kunotanga uye kupisa kwakagadzikana panguva yekudziya-up chikamu, yakajairika injini dzedhiziri dzinoda yakakwira compression reshiyo, iyo inowanzo muchikamu che16: 1 kusvika 18: 1. Iyo yakaderera compression ratio ye14,0: 1 yeSkyActiv -D injini inobvumira kukwidziridza nguva yekupisa maitiro. Sezvo iyo compression reshiyo inodzikira, tembiricha yecylinder uye kudzvanywa zvinodzikirawo kumusoro kwakafa centre. Muchiitiko ichi, musanganiswa unopisa kwenguva refu, kunyange kana mafuta akaiswa muhumburumbira nguva pfupi isati yasvika pakati pevakafa. Somugumisiro wekupisa kwenguva refu, nzvimbo dzine kushayikwa kweokisijeni hadzina kuumbwa mumusanganiswa unopisa, uye kutonhora kunoramba kuine yunifomu, kuitira kuti kuumbwa kweNOx uye soot kusabatanidzwa zvakanyanya. Nejekiseni remafuta uye kupisa pedyo nepamusoro penzvimbo yakafa, injini inoshanda zvakanyanya. Izvi zvinoreva kushandiswa kwakanyatsonaka kwesimba remakemikari riri mumafuta pamwe chete nebasa remagetsi payuniti imwe yefutsi pane iyo yakakwira compression ratio dhiziri. Mhedzisiro yacho kuderedzwa kwekushandisa dhiziri uye zvine musoro CO2 kuburitsa kweanopfuura 20% zvichienzaniswa ne2,2 MZR-CD injini inoshanda ne16: 1 compression ratio. Nekudaro, kunyangwe pasina imwe NOx yekubvisa sisitimu, injini inowirirana neEuro 6 emission standard nekuda kwekutanga kushanda muna 2015. Nekudaro, injini haidi yakasarudzika inoderedza kuderedza kana NOx inobvisa catalyst.

Nekuda kwekudzvanyirira kwakadzika, injini haigone kuburitsa tembiricha yakakwira zvakakwana kuti musanganiswa ubatidze panguva yekutonhora kwekutanga, izvo zvinogona kutungamirira kune dambudziko rekutanga uye injini kushanda kwepakati, kunyanya munguva yechando. Nechikonzero ichi, SkyActiv-D inoshongedzerwa neceramic glow plugs uye inosiyana sitiroko VVL exhaust valve. Izvi zvinobvumira magasi ekupisa anopisa kuti adzokororwe mukati mukati mekamuri yekupisa. Kudzima kwekutanga kunobatsirwa negirogi rinopenya, iro rinokwana kuti magasi emhepo asvike pakudziya kunodiwa. Mushure mekutanga injini, vharafu yekupedza haizovhari seyakajairwa injini yekudya. Pane kudaro, inoramba yakavhurika uye magasi anopisa anopisa anodzokera kukamuri yekupisa. Izvi zvinowedzera kupisa mukati maro uye, naizvozvo, zvinofambisa kupisa kunotevera kwemusanganiswa. Nokudaro, injini inomhanya zvakanaka uye pasina kukanganisa kubva panguva yekutanga.

Zvichienzaniswa ne2,2 MZR-CD injini yedhiziri, kukwesha kwemukati kwakaderedzwawo ne25%. Izvi zvinoratidzirwa kwete chete mune kumwe kuderedzwa kwekurasikirwa kwese, asiwo mukukurumidza kupindura uye nekuvandudza kushanda. Imwe bhenefiti yeyakaderera compression reshiyo yakaderera yakanyanya humburumbira kudzvanywa uye nekudaro kushoma kushushikana pane ega enjini zvikamu. Nechikonzero ichi, hapana chikonzero cheiyo yakasimba injini dhizaini, zvichikonzera kuwedzera uremu kuchengetedza. Musoro wecylinder une manifold akabatanidzwa ane madziro akatetepa uye anorema makirogiramu matatu pasi pekare. Iyo aluminium cylinder block ndeye 25 kg yakareruka. Huremu hwepiston uye crankshaft hwakaderedzwa neimwe 25 muzana. Nekuda kweizvozvo, huremu hwese hweinjini yeSkyActiv-D hwakaderera ne20% pane iyo ye2,2 MZR-CD injini yakashandiswa kusvika parizvino.

Iyo SkyActiv-D injini inoshandisa maviri-nhanho supercharging. Izvi zvinoreva kuti yakashongedzerwa nediki uye imwe hombe turbocharger, imwe neimwe ichishanda pamwero wakasiyana wekumhanya. Iyo diki inoshandiswa pane yakaderera uye yepakati revs. Nekuda kweiyo yakaderera inertia yezvikamu zvinotenderera, inovandudza torque curve uye inobvisa iyo inonzi turbo athari, ndiko kuti, kunonoka mumhinduro yejinjini kune kamwe kamwe accelerator kusvetuka nekumhanya kwakaderera kana pasina kudzvanywa kwakakwana mukubuda. . pombi yebazi yekukurumidza kushandura turbocharger turbine. Kusiyana neizvi, turbocharger hombe inobatika zvakazara mukati mekumhanya kwepakati. Pamwe chete, ese maturbocharger anopa injini ine flat torque curve pane yakaderera rpm uye yakakwirira simba pakukwira rpm. Mhepo inokwana kubva kumaturbocharger pamusoro pehupamhi hwekumhanya siyana inochengeta NOx uye huturu kuburitsa kune hushoma.

Parizvino, mavhezheni maviri einjini ye2,2 SkyActiv-D ari kugadzirwa kuEurope. Iyo yakasimba ine simba guru re 129 kW pa 4500 rpm uye torque yakawanda ye 420 Nm pa 2000 rpm. Iyo isina kusimba ine 110 kW pa 4500 rpm uye torque ye 380 Nm muhuwandu 1800-2600 rpm, pamwero mukuru. kutenderera kwemainjini ese ari maviri i5200. Mukuita, injini inoita senge lethargic kusvika 1300 rpm, kubva pamuganhu uyu inotanga kukurumidza, nepo pakutyaira kwakajairika inokwana kuichengeta inosvika 1700 rpm kana kupfuura zvinodiwa zvekukurumidza kukurumidza.

SkyActiv G injini

Injini yepeturu yakasikwa, yakasarudzwa Skyactiv-G, ine chiyero chepamusoro-soro che 14,0: 1, parizvino chiri chepamusoro-soro mumotokari inotakura vanhu. Kuwedzera iyo compression reshiyo kunowedzera kupisa kweinjini yepeturu, izvo zvinozoreva zvakaderera CO2 kukosha uye nekudaro kuderera kwemafuta. Njodzi inosanganisirwa neyakaomesesa reshiyo mune yeinjini yepeturu ndiyo inonzi kugogodza kupisa - detonation uye kuderedzwa kunoguma kwe torque uye yakawandisa injini kupfeka. Kudzivirira kugogodza kupisa kwemusanganiswa nekuda kweiyo yakanyanya compression reshiyo, iyo Skyactiv-G injini inoshandisa kudzikiswa kwehuwandu pamwe nekumanikidza kwemagasi anopisa akasara mukamuri yekupisa. Nokudaro, pombi yekupedza mukugadzirisa 4-2-1 inoshandiswa. Nokuda kwechikonzero ichi, pombi yepombi yakareba kwenguva refu uye nokudaro inobudirira inodzivirira kubuda kwegasi kuti irege kudzoka kukamuri yekupisa pakarepo mushure mokunge yabudiswa kubva mairi. Iyo inoguma inodonha mukupisa tembiricha zvinobudirira kudzivirira kuitika kwe detonation combustion - detonation. Seimwe nzira yekudzivirira detonation, nguva yekupisa yemusanganiswa yakaderedzwa. Kukurumidza kupisa kwemusanganiswa kunoreva nguva pfupi apo musanganiswa usina kupiswa wemafuta nemhepo unoratidzwa kune tembiricha yakanyanya, kuitira kuti detonation ishaye nguva yekuitika zvachose. Pazasi pepistons inopihwawo marecesses akakosha kuitira kuti marimi emusanganiswa unopisa unogadzira munzira dzakawanda uwedzere pasina kuyambuka mumwe nemumwe, uye jekiseni system yakashongedzerwa ichangobva kugadzirwa multi-hole majekiseni, ayo anobvumira mafuta. kuve atomized.

Izvo zvinodiwawo kuderedza kunonzi kurasikirwa kwekupomba kuitira kuti kuwedzere kushanda kwejini. Izvi zvinoitika pakuremerwa kweinjini kana piston ichikweva mhepo painodzika pasi panguva yekutora.Huwandu hwemweya unopinda muhumburumbira hunowanzodzorwa nevharuvhu yekutsikisa iri munzira yekupinza. Pamitoro yeinjini yakareruka, mhepo shoma chete inodiwa. Iyo throttle valve inenge yakavharwa, izvo zvinotungamirira kune chokwadi chokuti kumanikidzika mumugwagwa wekutora uye muhumburumbira iri pasi pemhepo. Naizvozvo, piston inofanira kukunda kudzvinyirira kwakakosha kwakashata - inenge yevha, iyo inokanganisa kushandiswa kwemafuta. Vagadziri veMazda vakashandisa zvisingaperi zvinosiyana-siyana zvekutora uye exhaust valve timing (S-VT) kuderedza kurasikirwa kwepombi. Iyi sisitimu inobvumidza iwe kudzora huwandu hwemhepo inopinza uchishandisa mavharuvhu pane throttle. Pakuremerwa kweinjini, mweya mudiki kwazvo unodiwa. Saka, iyo inoshanduka yenguva yevhavha inochengetedza mavharuvhu ekutora akavhurika pakutanga kwechikamu chekumanikidza (apo piston inosimuka) uye inovhara chete kana huwandu hunodiwa hwemhepo huri muhumburumbira. Nekudaro, iyo S-VT sisitimu inozopedzisira yadzikisa kurasikirwa kwekupomba ne20% uye inovandudza kushanda kwemaitiro ekupisa. Mhinduro yakafanana yakashandiswa neBMW kwenguva yakareba, ichidaidza iyi system Kaviri VANOS.

Paunenge uchishandisa iyi inotora mhepo yekudzora vhoriyamu system, kune njodzi yekusakwana kupisa kwemusanganiswa nekuda kwekudzvinyirira kwakadzika, sezvo mavharuvhu ekutora anoramba akavhurika pakutanga kwechikamu chekumanikidza. Panyaya iyi, mainjiniya eMazda akashandisa chiyero cheSkyactiv G chepamusoro che14,0: 1, izvo zvinoreva tembiricha yehumburumbira uye kudzvanywa, saka nzira yekupisa inoramba yakagadzikana uye injini inomhanya zvakanyanya mune zvehupfumi.

Kusashanda zvakanaka kweinjini kunobatsirawo pakugadzira kwayo kukareruka uye kushomeka kwemagetsi kwezvikamu zvinofamba. Kana ichienzaniswa neyakaiswa 2,0 MZR peturu injini, Skyactiv G injini ine 20% yakareruka pistons, 15% yakareruka yekubatanidza tsvimbo uye madiki crankshaft main bearings, zvichiita kuti huremu hudzike ne10%. Nekucheka nepakati kukwesha kwemavharuvhu uye kukwenya kwepiston mhete neanenge 40%, kukweshera kwemechani kweinjini kwakaderedzwa ne30%.

Magadzirirwo ese ataurwa akazoita kuti injini ifambe zviri nani pakadzika nepakati revs uye kudzikiswa kwe15% mukushandiswa kwemafuta zvichienzaniswa neyekare 2,0 MZR. Nhasi, izvi zvakakosha zvinoburitsa CO2 zvakatodzika pane 2,2 MZR-CD injini yedhiziri iri kushandiswa nhasi. Iyo mukana ndeye kushandiswa kweiyo classic BA 95 peturu.

Yese SkyActiv peturu nedhiziri injini muEurope ichave ine i-stop system, i.e. stop-start system yekudzima injini kana yamira. Mamwe masisitimu emagetsi, regenerative braking, nezvimwe zvichatevera.