Diesel mafuta mune peturu injini: kudira kana kusadira?
Zviri mukati
Maitiro anoitika mukati meinjini dzinopisa (ICE) zvinoenderana nehunhu hwemafuta anoshandiswa. Vagadziri veoiri yeinjini vanotarisa maitiro emhando yega yega yehuturu uye vanogadzira zvinyorwa zveviscous zvine zvinowedzera zvinopfavisa zvinokuvadza zvezvimwe zvinhu mumafuta edhiziri kana peturu. Zvinobatsira kuti vatyairi vazive mhedzisiro yekushandisa mafuta edhiziri mune peturu injini. Hezvino izvo nyanzvi nevatyairi vane ruzivo vanotaura nezveizvi.
Pane chikonzero chekutsauka kubva pamitemo yekuzora
Zero mafuta ndicho chikonzero chikuru chekumanikidzwa kutsiva
Mamiriro ekukurumidzira ndicho chikonzero chakajairika chekushandisa lubrication isina kutaurwa nemugadziri wemidziyo: kusakwana kwemafuta mwero mu crankcase kunogona kukonzera kukuvadza kwakawanda kune injini. Chimwe chikonzero chekudira dismaslo muinjini yegasi inzvimbo yayo yakakosha yekubvisa kabhoni deposits kubva mukati memukati mejini yekupisa. Kuonekwa kwemafuta emagetsi epasirese kunobatsira kutsauka kubva kumirairo: haugone kuona lubricant inoitirwa chete injini yepeturu pamasherufu ezvitoro.
Zvikonzero zvekusadira dismaslo muinjini yegasi
Chikonzero chikuru chisingabvumiri mafuta edhiziri kudururirwa mujini yepeturu ndiko kurambidzwa kwemugadziri wemotokari ari mumagwaro ekushanda kwemotokari. Zvimwe zvikonzero zvinosanganiswa nemaitiro ekugadzira akawanda-mafuta emukati ekupisa injini. Zvinoratidzwa mumamiriro ezvinhu anotevera:
- kudiwa kwekuwedzera kudzvinyirira uye tembiricha mukamuri yekupisa yeinjini yedhiziri;
- kumhanya kwecrankshaft yeinjini yepeturu: yeinjini yedhiziri, kumhanya kwekutenderera kuri <5 zviuru rpm;
- madota uye sarufa yemafuta edhiziri.
Kubva pane rondedzero iri pamusoro, chinangwa chekuwedzera mumafuta edhiziri chakajeka: kudzikisa kukanganisa kwemaitiro emuviri pane lubricant uye mhedzisiro yezvinhu zvinokuvadza zviri mumafuta edhiziri. Kune injini yepeturu yakagadzirirwa kushanda nekumhanya kwakanyanya, tsvina muoiri inongokuvadza.
Chokwadi chinonakidza: mafuta ari mu cylinder dhiziri anodzvanywa 1,7-2 nguva yakasimba kupfuura mukamuri yekupisa yeinjini yepeturu. Nekudaro, iyo yese crank mechanism yeinjini yedhiziri inosangana nemitoro inorema.
Maonero evatyairi nenyanzvi
Kana vari vatyairi vemotokari, vazhinji vanofunga kutsiva mafuta akakosha nedhiziri anobatsira nekuda kwepamusoro viscosity: kana injini yepeturu yatosakara. Havasi vanamazvikokota vose vanobvumirana nemutongo uyu. Nyanzvi dzinotaura kusiyana kunotevera mukushandiswa kwemafuta:
- Iyo yekupisa kweinjini yedhiziri yakanyanya. Diesel mafuta mune peturu injini inoshanda mumamiriro asina kuitirwa iyo, zvisinei kuti yakanaka kune injini kana yakaipa.
- Iyo yakakwirira yekumanikidza reshiyo mukamuri yekupisa dizili inopa kusimba kwakanyanya kweiyo oxidative maitiro, ayo anodzivirirwa nezvinowedzerwa zvinowedzerwa kune lubricant kuderedza kupisa kwemafuta. Zvimwe zvinowedzera zvinobatsira kunyungudutsa kabhoni deposits uye soot inoburitswa panguva yekupiswa kwemafuta edhiziri.
Iyo yekupedzisira chivakwa che dismasla chinoshandiswa nevatyairi kuitira kutsvaira mukati meinjini yegesi uye decarbonize - chenesa zvindori zvepiston kubva kune soot. Gasoline yemukati inopisa injini inocheneswa nemotokari mileage mune yakaderera-speed mode muhuwandu hwe8-10 zviuru zvemakiromita.
Vazhinji vagadziri vemotokari vanoratidza mhando dzemafuta ekushandisa, vasingakurudzire kushandiswa kwemafuta epasi rose. Dambudziko nderekuti mafuta akasanganiswa anowanzo kupihwa kunze kwemafuta epeturu nekuwedzera chinyorwa nezve peturu. Kutaura zvazviri, vane zvokuwedzera izvo injini peturu haidi.
Migumisiro yekutyora mitemo yekushanda
Hapana zviratidzo zviri pachena zvekutyorwa kwemitemo
Mhedzisiro yekushandiswa kwemafuta edhiziri muinjini yepeturu inozonyanya kuoneka kana mafuta edhiziri akashandiswa anoitirwa injini dzemarori. Mvura yavo yekuzora ine mamwe alkaline reagents uye zvinowedzera zvinowedzera madota. Kuti uderedze kukuvadza kune injini yegasi, zviri nani kushandisa mafuta akagadzirirwa vafambi vedhiziri injini.
Kuti uwane ruzivo: huwandu hwezvinowedzera mumafuta edhiziri hunosvika 15%, iyo yakakwira katatu kupfuura mumafuta ekuzora peturu mukati meinjini dzinopisa. Nekuda kweizvozvo, iyo antioxidant uye detergent maitiro emafuta edhiziri akakwira: vatyairi vakashandisa shanduko yemafuta vanoti nzira yekugovera gasi inoita senge nyowani mushure meizvozvo.
Mhedzisiro yekushandisa mafuta edhiziri zvakare zvinoenderana nerudzi rweinjini yepeturu:
- Carburetor uye majekiseni emukati ekupisa injini anosiyana chete munzira iyo mafuta anopiwa kukamuri yekupisa: iyo yechipiri shanduko inosanganisira jekiseni nemuromo, iyo inopa ehupfumi maitiro ekushandisa mafuta. Kusiyana kweinjini dzinopisa mukati hazvikanganisi kushanda kwemafuta edhiziri mumainjini akadaro. Ikoko hakuzovi nekukuvadza kukuru kubva mukushandiswa kwenguva pfupi kwe dimasl mumajini edzimba dzeVAZs, GAZs uye UAZs.
- Mota dzeAsia dzakagadzirirwa yakaderera viscosity oiri nekuda kwekutetepa kwemafuta ducts kana ndima. Mvura yakakora yekuzora yeinjini dzedhiziri ine kufamba kushoma, izvo zvinokonzeresa kunetsa nekuzora kweinjini, zvichikonzera kusashanda kweinjini yekupisa kwemukati.
- Mota dzinobva kuEurope neUSA dzekushandisa kwakawanda - kwavari, imwe-nguva yekuzadza mafuta edhiziri ichaenda isingaonekwi kana ukasaisimbisa nekuchinja kwemafuta enguva pfupi kumvura inokurudzirwa nemugadziri. Chechipiri mamiriro haasi kumhanyisa injini kupfuura 5 zviuru revolutions.
- Injini ye turbocharged peturu inoda kuzadza mune yakakosha oiri inogona kumira kutonhora kwakanyanya: kukurumidza kweiyo turbine yekumanikidza kwemhepo kunoitwa nemagasi emhepo. Iyo imwechete lubricant inoshanda mukati meinjini uye mune turbocharger, inova mumamiriro ezvinhu akaomarara. Izvo ndezvekupisa kwepamusoro uye kumanikidzika iyo mafuta edizeli anotarirwa. Zvakakosha kushandisa lubricant yemhando uye kwete kubvumira chiyero chayo kuderera. Zvisinei, kutsiva kwakadaro kunobvumirwa chete kwekanguva kuti usvike kuchiteshi chebasa.
Chero zvazvingaitika, dismaslo haimirire kumhanya kwakanyanya. Hapana chikonzero chekuita accelerations paunenge uchityaira, hapana chikonzero chekupfuura. Nekutevera iyi mitemo yakapfava, njodzi dzemhedzisiro yakaipa yekuzadza mafuta edhiziri muinjini yepeturu inogona kudzikiswa.
Ongororo yevatyairi nezve mhedzisiro yekutsiva
Ongororo yezvirevo zvevatyairi paInternet nezve kushandiswa kwepasirese kwekubvisa kunoratidza kuti vangani vanhu, maonero mazhinji. Asi chiripo chichiri mhedziso ine tariro yekuti hapazovi nekukuvadza kukuru kubva pakudira mafuta edhiziri muinjini yepeturu. Uyezve, kune mienzaniso yekushanda kwenguva refu kwemotokari dzinotakura vanhu pamafuta anogadzirirwa injini dzedhiziri:
Mukutanga kwema90, apo vakadzi vechiJapan vakatanga kutakura, anenge munhu wose aityaira pamafuta eKAMAZ.
Diesel mafuta anogona kudururwa mune peturu injini, pane zvinopesana, hazvibviri. Pane zvakawanda zvinodikanwa zvemafuta edhiziri: zviri nani mune maitiro ayo.
Chiratidzo chinogona kuonekwa sekuongorora kubva kuna Andrey P., uyo akadzinga makiromita 21013 zviuru nemafuta edhiziri kubva kuKAMAZ mumotokari yeVAZ-60. Anotaura kuti yakawanda slag inoumbwa mukati mejini inopisa: iyo ventilation system uye zvindori zvakavharwa. Maitiro ekuunganidza soot zvinoenderana nemhando yemafuta edhiziri, mwaka, mamiriro ekushanda uye zvimwe zvinhu. Chero zvazvingava, hupenyu hweinjini huchaderedzwa.
Vagadziri veICE, pavanenge vachigadzira injini yekuzora sisitimu, vanotarisisa magadzirirwo ayo ese uye maficha ekushanda, uye voita kurudziro yavo pamafuta ari mumagwaro anoenderana. Hazvidikanwi kuregeredza mitemo yakagadzwa. Kutsauka kubva pamitemo kuchaita kuti kuderedzwa kwehupenyu hwebasa chero chipi zvacho. Kana mamiriro ezvinhu akaoma amuka, vanosarudza zviduku zvezvakaipa zviviri - dururira mafuta edhiziri mujini yegesi uye zvishoma nezvishoma kutyaira kumusangano.
