Citroen

Zviri mukati MuvambiEmblemCar nhoroondo mumamodeliMibvunzo nemhinduro: Citroen imhando yeFrance ine mukurumbira, iyo muzinda wayo uri muguta guru renyika, Paris. Iyo kambani chikamu chePeugeot-Citroen kunetseka. Munguva pfupi yapfuura, kambani yakatanga kushanda pamwe chete neChina kambani Dongfeng, nekuda kwekuti mota dzemhando yacho dzinowana michina yemhando yepamusoro. Zvisinei, zvose zvakatanga zvine mwero zvikuru. Heino nyaya yemhando inozivikanwa pasi rese, iyo ine akati wandei anosiririsa mamiriro anotungamira manejimendi kumagumo. Muvambi Muna 1878, Andre akaberekerwa mumhuri yeCitroen, ine midzi yeUkraine. Mushure mekugamuchira dzidzo yehunyanzvi, nyanzvi yechidiki inowana basa pane bhizinesi diki raigadzira masipire ezvitima zvehutsi. Zvishoma nezvishoma tenzi akakura. Ruzivo rwakaunganidzirwa uye kugona maneja kwakanaka kwakamubatsira kuwana chinzvimbo chemutungamiriri wedhipatimendi rehunyanzvi pachirimwa cheMors. Munguva yeHondo Yenyika Yekutanga, chirimwa ichi chakabatanidzwa mukugadzira mabhomba ezvombo zvemauto eFrance. Pakapera kurwa, maneja wechirimwa aifanira kusarudza pane chimiro, sezvo zvombo zvaive zvisisaite purofiti. Andre haana kunyanyofunga zvekuva mugadziri wemotokari. Nekudaro, ainyatsoziva kuti niche iyi yaigona kuita purofiti. Uyezve, nyanzvi yaitova neruzivo rwakakwana mumakanika. Izvi zvakamuita kuti atore mukana uye aise kosi itsva yekugadzira. Iyo mhando yakanyoreswa muna 1919, uye yakagamuchira zita remuvambi sezita. Pakutanga, akafunga nezvekugadzira mhando yepamusoro yemotokari, asi akamiswa nekuita. Andre ainyatsoziva kuti zvakanga zvakakosha kwete kungogadzira motokari, asi kupa mutengi chimwe chinhu chinokwanisika. Chimwe chinhu chakafanana chakaitwa neairarama panguva imwe chete naye, Henry Ford. Emblem Dhizaini yekaviri chevron yakasarudzwa sehwaro hwechiratidzo. Iri ndiro giya rinokosha, mazino ayo ane V-shaped. Patent yekugadzirwa kwechikamu chakadai chakaiswa nemuvambi wekambani kumashure muna 1905. Chigadzirwa chacho chaidiwa zvikuru, kunyanya mumotokari huru. Kazhinji kazhinji, maodha aibva kumakambani ekuvaka ngarava. Semuyenzaniso, yakakurumbira Titanic yakanga ine chevron giya mune dzimwe nzira. Apo kambani yemotokari yakatangwa, muvambi wayo akasarudza kushandisa dhizaini yezvisikwa zvake - kaviri chevron. Munhoroondo yese yekambani, iyo logo yakachinja kapfumbamwe, zvisinei, sezvauri kuona mumufananidzo, chinhu chikuru chakagara chakafanana. Imwe mhando yemotokari iyo kambani inobata mairi, DS inoshandisa logo ine zvimwe zvakafanana kune chikuru chiratidzo. Pamotokari, chevron kaviri inoshandiswawo, chete mipendero yayo inoumba tsamba S, uye tsamba D iri pedyo nayo. Nhoroondo yemotokari mumamodheru Nhoroondo yekuvandudzwa kwetekinoroji yakashandiswa nekambani inogona kuteverwa mumhando dzinobva kune vanotakura brand. Heino rwendo rupfupi rwenhoroondo. 1919 André Citroën anotanga modhi yake yekutanga, Type A. Injini ye18-horsepower yemukati yekupisa yaive yakashongedzerwa neyekutonhodza mvura. Huwandu hwayo hwaive 1327 cubic centimita. Sipidhi yepamusoro yaive makiromita 65 paawa. Hunhu hwemota yacho hwaive hwekuti yaishandisa mwenje nemagetsi ekutanga. Zvakare, iyo modhi yakave yakachipa, nekuda kwekuti kutenderera kwayo kwaive nezvidimbu zana pazuva. 1919 - Nhaurirano dziri kuenderera mberi neGM kuti achangogadzirwa automaker kuti ave chikamu chayo. Chibvumirano ichi chaive chava kuda kusainwa, asi panguva yekupedzisira, kambani yevabereki yaifungidzirwa yakatsigira kunze kwechibvumirano. Izvi zvakabvumira kambani kuramba yakasununguka kusvika 1934. 1919-1928 Citroen inoshandisa yepasirose yekushambadzira yepasirese, iyo yakapinda muGuinness Book of Records - iyo Eiffel Tower. Kusimudzira mhando, muvambi wekambani anotsigira nzendo dzenguva refu kuenda kuAfrica, North America neAsia. Muzviitiko zvose, akapa motokari dzake, izvo zvakaratidza kuvimbika kwemotokari idzi dzakachipa. 1924 - iyo mhando inoratidza kugadzirwa kwayo kunotevera - iyo B10 modhi. Yaiva motokari yekutanga yeEurope ine muviri wesimbi. Pa auto show muParis, motokari yakakurumidza kufarirwa kwete chete nevatyairi, asiwo nevatsoropodzi. Zvisinei, kukurumbira kwemuenzaniso kwakakurumidza kupfuura, sezvo vakwikwidzi vaiwanzomiririra motokari dzisina kuchinjwa, asi mune imwe muviri, uye Citroen yakanga ichiikwevera kunze. Nekuda kweizvi, chinhu chega chaifarira vatengi panguva iyoyo yaive mutengo wemotokari dzeFrance. 1933 - mhando mbiri dzinoonekwa kamwechete. Iyi ndiyo Traction Avant, yaishandisa simbi monocoque body, yakazvimirira kumberi kuturika uye kumberi vhiri dhiraivha. Yechipiri muenzaniso - Rossalie, pasi pehodhi iyo yaiva injini yedhiziri. 1934 - Nekuda kwekudyara kukuru mukuvandudza mhando nyowani, kambani inoparara uye inotorwa nemumwe wevakwereta vayo - Michelin. Kwapera gore, muvambi weCitroen brand anofa. Izvi zvinoteverwa nenguva yakaoma, panguva iyo, nekuda kwehukama hwakaoma pakati pezviremera zveFrance neGermany, kambani inomanikidzwa kuita zviitiko zvakavanzika. 1948 - subcompact modhi ine diki diki (mabhiza gumi nemaviri chete) 12CV inoonekwa paParis Motor Show, inova mutengesi chaiwo, uye inogadzirwa kusvika 2. Muchina muduku wakanga usiri wehupfumi chete, asiwo zvinoshamisa zvakavimbika. Mukuwedzera, mutyairi ane avhareji mari aigona kutenga motokari yakadaro pachena. Nepo vagadziri vepasirese vari kuyedza kuhwina vateereri nemota dzemitambo dzakajairwa, Citroen inounganidza vanoshanda vatyairi vakatenderedza. 1955 - kutanga kwekugadzirwa kwechiratidzo chinozivikanwa, chakaonekwa pasi pehutungamiri hwekambani iyi. Iyo yekutanga modhi yeiyo ichangobva minted division ndeye DS. Zvinyorwa zvehunyanzvi zvemhando idzi zvakaratidza nhamba 19, 23, nezvimwewo, iyo yairatidza huwandu hwemagetsi emagetsi akaiswa mumotokari. Iyo peculiarity yemotokari kutaridzika kwayo inoratidzika uye yepakutanga yakaderera pasi kubvumidzwa (verenga kuti chii pano). Iyo modhi kekutanga yakagamuchira disc mabhureki, hydraulic air kuturika, iyo inogona kugadzirisa kukwira kureba. Vainjiniya veMercedes-Benz vanonetsekana vakafarira pfungwa iyi, asi kunyengedza hakugone kubvumidzwa, saka kusimudzira kwakasiyana kumiswa kunoshandura kureba kwemotokari kwakaitwa kwemakore anoda kusvika gumi nemashanu. Mumotokari ye68 yakagamuchira imwe budiriro yekuvandudza - iyo swivel lenses yepamberi optics. Kubudirira kwemuenzaniso kunokonzerwawo nekushandiswa kwemhepo yemhepo, iyo yakabvumira kugadzira chimiro chemuviri neakanakisa aerodynamic maitiro. 1968 - Mushure mekudyara kwakawanda kusingabudiriri, kambani inotenga inozivikanwa yemitambo mota inogadzira Maserati. Izvi zvinokutendera kuti ugadzire mota ine simba zvakanyanya kukwezva vatengi vanoshanda. 1970 - Iyo SM modhi inogadzirwa pahwaro hweimwe yemitambo yemitambo yakawanikwa. Yakashandisa simba unit ine vhoriyamu ye2,7 litres uye inokwana zana nemakumi manomwe emabhiza. Mechanicha yekufambisa mushure mekutendeuka yakazvimiririra yakafambisa mavhiri anotenderera kuenda panzvimbo yakatwasuka. Uyezve, motokari yakagamuchira yakatozivikanwa hydropneumatic kumiswa. 1970 - Kugadzirwa kwemodhidhi iyo yakavhara mukaha mukuru pakati peguta subcompact 2CV uye inoshamisa uye inodhura DS. Iyi mota yeGG yakaendesa kambani kunzvimbo yechipiri mushure mePeugeot pakati pevagadziri vemotokari veFrance. 1975-1976. mhando yacho zvakare yakabhuroka, kunyangwe akati wandei ari kutengeswa, kusanganisira Berliet rori chikamu uye Maserati mitambo mhando. 1976 - Boka rePSA Peugeot-Citroen rinoumbwa, rinogadzira mota dzakati wandei. Pakati pavo pane Peugeot 104, GS, Dyane, homologation akasiyana 2CV, CX. Nekudaro, ivo vadyidzani havafarire kuenderera mberi kwekuvandudzwa kwechikamu cheCitroen, saka ivo vanotsvaga kudzokorora. Mumakore ekuma1980, hutungamiri hwechikamu huri kuenda kune imwe nguva inosuruvarisa, apo motokari dzose dzinobva pamapuratifomu ePeugeot. Pakazosvika 90s, Citroen yakanga isiri yakasiyana kubva kune shamwari dzemhando. 1990 - iyo mhando inowedzera pasi payo yekutengesa, ichikwevera vatengi kubva kuUnited States, nyika dzapashure peSoviet, Eastern Europe neChina. 1992 - kuratidzwa kweiyo Xantia modhi, iyo yakachinja kuenderera mberi kwekugadzirwa kwemota dzese dzekambani. 1994 - Yekutanga Kunzvenga minivan debuts. 1996 - vatyairi vanogashira inoshanda Berlingo yemhuri kombi. 1997 - Xsara modhi yemhuri inoonekwa, iyo yakaratidza kuve inozivikanwa kwazvo. 2000 - Iyo C5 sedan debuts, ingangove yakagadzirwa sekutsiva iyo Xantia. Kutanga nayo, "nguva" yemhando S. Nyika yevatyairi inowana C8 minivan, C4 neC2 hatchback mota, C1 urban uye C6 luxury sedan. 2002 imwe yemhando inozivikanwa yeC3 inoonekwa. Nhasi, kambani inoenderera mberi nekuedza kuhwina ruremekedzo rwevateereri vepasirese nekugadzira macrossovers, mota dzehybrid uye homologating yatozivikanwa modhi. Muna 2010, pfungwa yemuenzaniso wemagetsi Survolt yakaratidzwa. Mukupedzisa, isu tinopa ongororo pfupi yeanozivikanwa DS mota ye50s: Mibvunzo neMhinduro: Ko mota yeCitroen inogadzirwa kupi? Pakutanga, mhando dzeCitroen brand dzakaunganidzwa muFrance, uyezve kumafekitori enhoroondo muSpain: mumaguta eVigo, Onet-sous-Bois uye Ren-la-Jane. Iye zvino mota dzakaunganidzwa pamafekitori ePSA Peugeot Citroen. boka. Ndedzipi mhando dzeCitroen brand? Rondedzero yemhando dzemhando dzinosanganisira: DS (1955), 2 CV (1963), Acadiane (1987), AMI (1977), BX (1982), CX (1984), AX (1986), Berlingo (2015), C1- C5, Jumper, nezvimwe. Ndiani akatenga Citroen? Kubva 1991, yanga iri chikamu chePSA Peugeot Citroen boka. Muna 2021, boka rakamiswa nekuda kwekubatanidzwa kwemapoka ePSA neFiat Chrysler (FCA).