Test drive Citroën 11 CV, Citroën DS, Citroën CX: French avant-garde
Rarama kwenguva refu mutsauko! Kusangana nemaviri azvino uye rimwe ramangwana French classic
Muzana ramakore rechimakumi maviri, chiratidzo cheCitroën chine nzvimbo yakakosha munyika yemotokari nekuda kwehunyanzvi hwazvino uye dhizaini yekutanga. Nhasi tichatarisa matatu mamodheru emhando: 11 CV, DS uye CX.
Mukutanga kwema60, vashanyi vaishanya kuFrance vakaona mufananidzo usina kujairika mumugwagwa: pakati penyika yeCitroën ID uye mamodheru eDS, ane machira akasarudzika e-torpedo, uye akagwinya Pininfarina-akaumbwa Peugeot 404 ane mapini madiki kumashure. , mota dema kana dzegrey dzemagadzirirwo epamberi pehondo dzaityaira.
Zvinotaridza kuti havazi vese maFrench aigona kutenga mota yemhuri nyowani. Zvirinani, varidzi vazhinji veOpel Rekord neFord 17 M, vakauya nevana kubva kuGerman kuzoshandisa zororo ravo muFrance, vakafunga kudaro. Zvakadaro, vaive vakanganisa zvakanyanya nekuti yechinyakare, yakati rebei uye inotyisa zvishoma "gangster mota" dzakazadzwa nehunyanzvi hwazvino uye dzakatengeswa neCitroën semotokari nyowani kusvika 1957. Uye nhasi yaunza Traction Avant muna 1934. mushanduro 7, 11 uye 15 CV ndeimwe yeanonyanya kutsvakwa mamodheru echinyakare.
Citroën 11 CV ine makore makumi maviri nemaviri ekushandira
Iine muviri wayo unozvitsigira, compact uye yakachengeteka pamberi-vhiri rekutyaira, yakadzika nzvimbo yegiravhiti uye yakasununguka torsion bar, iyo Traction Avant, sekudanwa kwayinowanzoitwa, yakaramba iri mukambani renzvimbo kwemakore makumi maviri nematatu. Pakaburitswa kugadzirwa muna 23 mushure memakore mashanu ekumira panguva yehondo, maCV gumi nemaviri akaramba achiratidzika kwavo kusati kwatanga hondo nemikova yekumashure, rediyeta hombe yakatwasuka uye magedhi makuru akavhurika nemwenje.
Iyo chete shanduko yakakosha yakauya muzhizha ra1952, apo ma wipers akasungirirwa pasi, uye nekuda kwekuwedzera, nzvimbo yekumashure yakavhurwa kune imwe kunze-yakaiswa spare tai uye mimwe mikwende. Saka, connoisseurs vanosiyanisa pakati pe "modhi ine vhiri" uye "modhi ine dhiramu." Wechipiri atova nesu uye akagadzirira kukwira bvunzo.
Mufambisi ane musana unodziya
MuTraction Avant, mutyairi nemutakuri wepamberi vanoonekwa sechikamu chevarindiri, vane basa rekutungamira zvinyoro nyoro varume vanofamba muchigaro chinotonhorera chekumashure. Iro rakatetepa legroom kumberi uye windshield inosimuka pamberi pemutyairi inoratidzika kunge isina kugadzikana maererano nemamiriro ekutonga echigaro chekumashure. Pamusoro pezvo, iyo isina kujairika yekuchinja lever inobuda kubva padhibhodhi inozopa mutyairi weTraction Avant chitambi chemurairidzi ane hunyanzvi - kunyangwe bhokisi regiya rematatu, riri kumberi, kuseri kwegrille, rinochinjika zviri nyore neiyi lever.
Nekudaro, iyo simba rekutungamira system inoda simba rakawanda panzvimbo senge vhiri rematani mashanu MAN Bundeswehr. Mumugwagwa, zvisinei, motokari inobata zvakanaka, uye kumiswa kunyaradza kunokodzera tsanangudzo ye "inofadza". Iyo yakanyanya ruzha mwero inogadzira fungidziro yekumhanya kwebreakneck. Ina-cylinder 1,9-lita injini ine 56 hp inokwanisa kukurumidza kusvika 120 km / h - avo vaida zvakawanda vaifanira kumirira iyo DS ine simba.
Citroën DS kekutanga ne hydropneumatic kuturika
Citroën payakaunza DS 1955 semutsivi weTraction Avant muna 19, ruzhinji rwevatengi vakavimbika verudzi urwu vakasangana ne "future shock" apo Citroën akafunga kutsiva nhandare nejeti. Nekudaro, pazuva rekutanga rekuratidzwa kwemota paParis Motor Show, mirairo gumi nembiri yakagamuchirwa.
Iine akateedzana eDS, vagadziri havangosvetuke hafu yezana ramakore rekuvandudza dhizaini, asiwo vanohwanda pasi penyaya yeramangwana uye nemhando dzakasiyana dzemidziyo. Kunyangwe hydropneumatic kumiswa chete kwakaringana kuita kutyaira chiitiko chitsva.
Iyo tsvuku 21 DS 1967 Pallas inoratidzika senge chiteshi chengarava nekuti mavhiri ekumashure anenge akanyatsovanzwa pasi pemuviri. Kana injini yatanga, chisiki inomuka yosimudza muviri masendimita mashoma. Iyo hydropneumatic kuturika inosanganisa nitrogen sechitubu nechepakati hydraulic system iyo pombi inopa yakajairika pasi clearance iyo inogona kutogadziridzwa. Chete chigaro chakareba chiyeuchidzo cheiyo yapfuura modhi, nepo iro chete-raitaura mudhiraivho uye inotsigira hupenyu yekurapa-dhizaini dhibhodhi inotaura nezvenguva dzazvino dzeCitroën.
Kutenda kune semi-otomatiki kutapurirana kune yakajairwa DS sponge brake, hapana clutch pedal. Isu tinoshandura magiya pasina tsoka yekuruboshwe, chete nerevheti pavhiri redhiraivha, tinomira pasina yakajairika pedal kufamba, isu tinongodzvanya siponji yerabha zvine simba kana kushaya simba - uye isu tinotsvedza tichitevedza asphalt, sekunge tisina kuibata. Kufambira mberi kunoonekwawo mukumhanya kwakawanikwa - ne100 hp yayo. DS 21 inosvika pakakwirira 175 km / h. Mumakona anokurumidza, zvisinei, motokari inosendamira nenzira inosiya vatasvi nevapfuuri vachitya - asi izvo zvinoratidzika kuva zvakakanganwirwa. Yakaiswawo iyo CX, iyo yekuenzanisa kwedu katatu iri mu1979 GTI vhezheni.
Citroën CX GTI ine 128 HP
Uye pano mutsauko wekuona pakati peiyo DS yakatevedzana uye mutsivi wayo, wakaunzwa muna 1974, wakakura - kunyangwe iyo CX iri nhanhatu masendimita yakatetepa kupfuura iyo DS, inotaridzika zvakanyanya yakafara uye inoshamisa kupfuura yakatangira. Musiyano wacho unonyanya kukonzerwa nemarambi makuru etrapezoidal uye kureba kwese kwese kwemota neanosvika masendimita gumi. Iyo CX inoonekwa seyakabudirira hybrid pakati peDS uye yemitambo yepakati-injini Matra-Simca Bagheera.
Zvigaro zvematehwe zvine sporty contours uye shanu-speed vertical-lever transmission zvinosimbisa chirevo chemasimba emotokari huru ye128 hp. uye kumhanya kwepamusoro kwe 190 km / h. Injini ikozvino yakachinjika, ichibvumira kudzika kwakanyanya kwegumbo-mberi. Kunyangwe kumiswa kwehydropneumatic uye musiyano uchiri pakati pemberi neshure, makona eCX aine chivimbo asi haasiye maficha eCitroën akadai sevhiri rimwechete rakataura, sipidhimita uye kunyange tachometer inokudza. Asi ndosaka tichida maFrench akashinga, akatsauka - nekuti anotiponesa kubva pakuwanda kwemasiwiti.
mhedziso
Mupepeti Franz-Peter Hudek: Citroën Traction Avant uye DS zvakakodzera kuti ndeveboka revakuru vekirasi. Ivo vanopa huwandu hukuru hwekuyemura wega uye, nekuwedzera kune iyo, inonakidza maitiro. CX inoenderera mberi netsika iyi. Nehurombo, kunyangwe mafeni eCitroën akaziva izvi kunonoka - nhasi iyo CX yatove yemhando yemotokari iri mungozi.
ruzivo rwehunyanzvi
Citroën 11 CV (yakagadzirwa muna 1952)
Injini
Chine-humburumbira, ina-sitiroko mu-mutsara injini ine camshaft padivi kumashure. neketani yenguva, Solex kana Zenith carburetor.
Bore x Stroke: 78 x 100mm
Kuenda: 1911 cm³
Simba: 56 hp pa4000 rpm
Max. torque: 125 Nm pa2000 rpm.
Kutakura simbaPamberi-vhiri dhiraivha, matatu-anomhanyisa emagetsi kutapurirana, yekutanga giya kunze kwekuyanana.
Muviri uye chassis
Kuzvitsigira-wega simbi muviri, yakazvimirira kuturika, ina-vhiri dhiramu mabhureki
Mberi: mativi uye muchinjikwa matanda, longitudinal torsion matsime, telescopic kuvhunduka absorbers.
Kumashure: ekisero yakaoma neyakareba matanda uye torsion inotenderera matsime, telescopic kuvhunduka absorbers
Kukura uye uremu Kureba x upamhi x kukwirira: 4450 x 1670 x 1520 mm
Wheelbase: 2910 mm
Kurema: 1070 kg.
Kushanda nesimba uye mutengoKumhanya kwakanyanya: 118 km / h
Kushandiswa: 10-12 l / 100 km.
Nguva yekugadzirwa uye kutendereraKubva muna 1934 kusvika muna 1957 makopi 759.
Citroën DS 21 (1967)
Injini
Chine-humburumbira, ina-sitiroko mu-mutsara injini ine camshaft padivi kumashure. neketani yenguva, imwe Weber mbiri-yemakamuri carburetor
Bore x Stroke: 90 x 85,5mm
Kuenda: 2175 cm³
Simba: 100 hp pa5500 rpm
Max. torque: 164 Nm pa3000 rpm.
Kutakura simbaMberi-vhiri dhiraivha, ina-inomhanyisa manyore kutapurirana ne hydraulic clutch actuation
Muviri uye chassisPlatform furemu ine jira simbi yemuviri, hydropneumatic leveling kuturika, ina-vhiri disc mabhureki
Kumberi: crossbars
Kumashure: matanda akareba.
Kukura uye uremu Kureba x upamhi x kukwirira: 4840 x 1790 x 1470 mm
Wheelbase: 3125 mm
Kurema: 1280 kg
Tangi: 65 l.
Kushanda nesimba uye mutengoKumhanya kwakanyanya: 175 km / h
Kushandiswa 10-13 l / 100 km.
Nguva yekugadzirwa uye kutendereraCitroën ID uye DS kubva 1955 kusvika 1975, 1 yakazara.
Citroen CX GTI
InjiniChine-humburumbira, ina-sitiroko mu-mutsara injini ine camshaft padivi kumashure. neketani yenguva, Bosch-L-Jetronic peturu jekiseni system
Bore x Stroke: 93,5 x 85,5mm
Kuenda: 2347 cm³
Simba: 128 hp pa4800 rpm
Max. torque: 197 Nm pa3600 rpm.
Kutakura simbaMberi-vhiri dhiraivhu, mashanu-anomhanya echinyorwa kutapurirana.
Muviri uye chassisKuzvitsigira-wega muviri ne bolt-on subframe, hydropneumatic kuturika pamwe nekumisikidza, disc mabhureki pane ese mana mavhiri
Kumberi: crossbars
Kumashure: matanda akareba
Matairi: 185 HR 14.
Kukura uye uremu Kureba x upamhi x kukwirira: 4660 x 1730 x 1360 mm
Wheelbase: 2845 mm
Kurema: 1375 kg
Tangi: 68 l.
Kushanda nesimba uye mutengoKumhanya kwakanyanya: 189 km / h
Kumhanyisa kubva 0 kusvika 100 km / h: 10,5 sec.
Kushandiswa: 8-11 l / 100 km.
Nguva yekugadzirwa uye kutendereraCitroën CX kubva muna 1974 kusvika 1985, 1 kopi.
Musoro: Frank-Peter Hudek
Mufananidzo: Karl-Heinz Augustin
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