Zvinorevei saizi yeinjini

Injini yemota volume

Paunosarudza motokari itsva, mutengi anotarisa pane zvakasiyana-siyana. Chimwe chazvo hukuru hweinjini. Vakawanda vanotenda zvisiri izvo kuti ichi ndicho chinhu chete chinotarisa kuti motokari ichava nesimba sei. Ngatiedzei kuona kuti injini displacement zvinorevei, uye chii mamwe parameters anobata.

Chii chinonzi injini saizi

Iro vhoriyamu rinoshanda reinjini yekutsva yemukati iri huwandu hwehuwandu hweese masirinda einjini. Vatyairi vanotanga kubva pachiratidzo ichi pavanoronga kutenga mota. Nekuda kwemufananidzo uyu, unogona kuona kuti inguva yakareba makiromita anotevera anogara sei. Munyika zhinji, paramende iyi inotungamirwa kana uchifunga mutero uyo muridzi wemotokari anofanira kubhadhara. Chii chinonzi iro rinoshanda uye rakaverengerwa sei?

Vhoriyamu yeinjini ndiyo yakazara vhoriyamu yemasilinda ese, kana vhoriyamu yecylinder imwe yakapetwa nenhamba yavo.

Saka, injini yechina-cylinder ine cylinder displacement ye 500 cm³ ine inenge inosvika 2,0 malita. Nekudaro, injini ine 12-cylinder ine kusimuka kwe500cc ichave nekutamiswa kwe6,0 malita, zvichiita kuti iwedzere kupenya.

Ko saizi yeinjini inorevei

In injini dzemukati dzemoto, simba remafuta rinoshandurwa kuita simba rekutenderera. Izvi zvinotevera.

Musanganiswa wemhepo uye mafuta zvinopinda mukamuri yemoto kuburikidza nevhavha yekudya. Spark kubva spark plug inobatidza mafuta. Somugumisiro, kuputika kuduku kunoumbwa, uko kunosundira pisitoni pasi, nokudaro zvichikonzera kutenderera. crankshaft.

Kuputika uku kuchave kwakadii kunoenderana neinjini yekufambisa. Mumota dzakasarudzika, humburumbira kugona chinhu chakakosha pakusarudza simba repowerrain. Mota dzazvino uno dzakashongedzerwa nemamwe marobhoti uye masisitimu ekuvandudza kugona kweinjini. Nekuda kweizvi, simba rinowedzera kwete kubva pahuwandu hwemafuta anouya musanganiswa, asi nekuda kwekuwedzera kwekuita kwemabatiro emoto, uye kushandiswa kwesimba rese rakaburitswa.

Engine size uye simba

Ichi chikonzero nei iko kushomeka kudiki kweiyo turbocharged injini hazvireve hazvo kuti inopihwa simba. Muenzaniso weizvi kukura kwevanjiniya veFord - iyo EcoBoost system. Iyi tafura yekufananidza yemasimba emamwe marudzi enjini:

Rudzi rweinjiniya:	Vhoriyamu, marita	Power, horsepower
Carburetor	1,6	75
Jekiseni	1,5	140
Duratec, jekiseni yakawanda	1,6	125
EcoBoost	1,0	125

Sezvauri kuona, kuwedzera kwekufamba hakuwanzo kureva simba rakawanda. Ehezve, iyo inowedzera kuomarara iyo jekiseni remafuta emafuta, injini inodhura zvakanyanya, asi injini dzakadai dzinove dzakanyanya mari uye dzinoenderana nemamiriro ezvakatipoteredza.

Engine Displacement - Yakatsanangurwa

Injini vhoriyamu - kutamiswa kweinjini

Kukarukureta zvinhu

Vhoriyamu inoshanda yeinjini yemoto yemukati inoverengerwa sei? Kune izvi pane fomula yakapusa: h (pisitoni sitiroko) inowedzerwa nemuchinjikwa-chikamu chikamu chesilinda (nzvimbo yedenderedzwa - 3,14 * r²). Iyo piston sitiroko ndiko kukwirira kubva pasi payo vakafa pakati kusvika kumusoro.

Formula yekuverenga saizi yeinjini

Injini zhinji dzemukati dzemoto dzakaiswa mumotokari dzine ma cylinders akati wandei, uye ese akaenzana saizi, saka nhamba iyi inofanirwa kuwanda nenhamba yemasilindiri. Mhedzisiro yacho kufambisa mota.

Yakazara vhoriyamu yesirinda ihwo huwandu hwesimba rayo rekushanda uye vhoriyamu yekamuri yemoto. Ndokusaka mune rondedzero yehunhu hwemota panogona kuve nechiratidzo: injini vhoriyamu iri 1,6 litita, uye vhoriyamu iri kushanda i1594 cm.³.

Iwe unogona kuverenga nezve kuti chiratidzo ichi uye necompression ratio zvinokanganisa sei chiratidzo chemagetsi cheinjini yekutsva yemukati. pano.

Maitiro ekuona huwandu hweinjini humburumbira

Kunge huwandu hwechero mudziyo, huwandu hwesirinda hunowanikwa zvichienderana nehukuru hwedumbu rayo. Heano ma parameter aunoda kuziva kuti uverenge kukosha uku:

• Kukwirira kwenzvimbo;
• Mukati rediyasi ye humburumbira;
• Denderedzwa (kunze kwekunge hwaro hwesirinda iri denderedzwa rakakwana).

Kutanga, nzvimbo yedenderedzwa inoverengerwa. Iyo fomula mune ino kesi yakapusa: S = P *R². П Iko kukosha kunogara kuripo uye kwakaenzana ne 3,14. R ndiyo nharaunda yedenderedzwa pazasi pechirinda. Kana iyo yekutanga data isingaratidze redhiyo, asi hupamhi, ipapo nzvimbo yedenderedzwa ichave inotevera: S = P *D² uye mhedzisiro yacho yakakamurwa ne4.

Kana zvichinetsa kuwana yekutanga data redhiyo kana dhayamita, ipapo nzvimbo yechigadziko inogona kuverengerwa yakazvimiririra, sezvo yakamboyera denderedzwa. Mune ino kesi, iyo nzvimbo inoonekwa neiyo fomula: P²/ 4P.

Mushure mekunge nzvimbo yepasi yeyesilinda yaverengerwa, huwandu hwesirinda hwaverengerwa. Kuti uite izvi, kukwirira kwemudziyo kunowedzerwa pane Calculator na S.

Sei kuwedzera injini saizi

Nzira yekuwedzera injini simba

Chaizvoizvo, uyu mubvunzo unomuka kune vatyairi vanoda kuwedzera simba reinjini. Maitiro aya anokanganisa sei kugona kweinjini yemukati yemoto inotsanangurwa mukati separated article... Injini inoshandura yakananga zvinoenderana nehupamhi hwesirinda yakatenderera. Uye nzira yekutanga yekushandura hunhu hweyuniti yemagetsi ndeyekutakura masilinda kune dhayamita yakakura.

Chechipiri sarudzo, iyo inobatsira kuwedzera shoma bhiza kumotokari, kuisa crankshaft iyo isiri-standard yeyuniti iyi. Nekuwedzera iyo amplitude yeiyo crank kutenderera, iwe unogona kuchinja iko kusimuka kwemota.

Paunenge uchigadzirisa, zvakakodzera kufunga kuti kuwedzera kwehuwandu hakuzi kureva simba rakawanda nguva dzose. Asi nekusimudzira kwakadaro, muridzi wemota anozoda kutenga zvimwe zvikamu. Muchiitiko chekutanga, aya anove mapistoni ane dhayamita hombe, uye mune yechipiri, iro boka rese repiston pamwe necrankshaft.

Kutungamirwa kwemotokari zvichienderana neinjini yekusiya

Sezvo pasina mota inogona kusangana nezvinodiwa nevose vatyairi, vagadziri vanogadzira mota dzine hunhu hwakasiyana. Wese munhu, zvichibva pane zvavanofarira, anosarudza imwe nadzurudzo.

Neinjini yekufambisa, mota dzese dzakakamurwa kuita makirasi mana:

• Minicar - mota dzine mota, huwandu hwayo haupfuure 1,1 litita. Semuenzaniso, pakati pemota dzakadai CITROEN C1 и FIAT 500C.

Subcompact mota - saizi yeinjini

• Subcompact - mota, huwandu hweinjini yekutsva yemukati inosiyana kubva ku1,2 kusvika 1,7 litita. Mishini yakadai inozivikanwa pakati peavo vanokoshesa iyo shoma yekushandisa chiyero neavhareji kuita. Vamiririri vekirasi iyi vari DAIHATSU COPEN 2002-2012 и Remoni BERLINGO VAN.

Subcompact - saizi yeinjini

• Pakati nepakati - simba remagetsi mumota dzakadai rine huwandu hwe1,8 kusvika 3,5 litita. Iyi kirasi inosanganisira mamodheru senge BUICK REGAL TOURX и LAND ROVER RANGE ROVER YEMAHARA.

Medium-displacement - saizi yeinjini

• Yakakura - mumota dzakadai vhoriyamu yeinjini yemukati yemoto ichave inopfuura 3,5 litita. Pakati pevamiriri vekirasi iyi: ASTON MARTIN VANQUISH FLYWHEEL 2013, 2018 CHEVROLET CAMARO и BENTLEY YEMAHARA GT INOTendeuka.

Huru kusimuka Aston Martin

Kurongeka uku kunoshanda kumayuniti epeturu. Kazhinji mukurondedzerwa kwehunhu, iwe unogona kuwana kumaka kwakati siyanei.

• B - chiumbwe motokari ine misha 1,0 - 1,6. Kazhinji kazhinji aya ndiwo mabhajeti sarudzo, senge SKODA FABIA.

Skoda Fabia injini saizi

• C - chikamu ichi chinosanganisira mamodheru anosanganisa avhareji mutengo, mashandiro akanaka, kushanda uye kutaridzika chitarisiko. Iyo mota mukati mawo ichave kubva pa1,4 kusvika 2,0 litita. Mumiriri wekirasi iyi ndiye SKODA OCTAVIA 4.

chikamu C - Skoda injini saizi

• D - kazhinji motokari dzakadaro dzinoshandiswa nevanhu vebhizimisi nemhuri. Mumotokari, injini ichava 1,6-2,5 litita. Rondedzero yemamodheru mukirasi iyi haina kupfupika kupfuura muchikamu chakapfuura. Imwe yemotokari idzi VOLKSWAGEN PASSAT.

Category D - Injini saizi VolksWagen

• E - bhizimusi kirasi mota. Injini dzemukati dzemoto mumhando dzakadai dzinowanzoita 2,0 litres muhuwandu. uye zvakawanda. Muenzaniso wemota dzakadai ndi AUDI A6 2019.

Chikamu E - Audi injini saizi

Pamusoro pekushandurwa, kupatsanurwa uku kunofunga nezve ma parameter akadai seichi chikamu (bhajeti modhi, mutengo wepakati kana premium), zviyero zvemuviri, zvishandiso zvehurongwa hwekunyaradza. Dzimwe nguva vagadziri vanoshongedza mota epakati uye epamusoro makirasi neinjini diki, saka hazvigone kutaurwa kuti mamaki anomisikidzwa ane miganhu yakaoma.

Kana modhi yemota ikamira pakati pezvikamu (semuenzaniso, zvinoenderana nehunyanzvi hwayo, iri kirasi C, uye masystem ekunyaradza anotendera mota kuisirwa mukirasi E), "+" inowedzerwa kune iyo tsamba.

Pamusoro pechikamu chakataurwa, kune zvimwe zvimisikidzwa:

• J - SUV uye crossovers;
• M - minivans uye minibuses;
• S - mitambo yemitambo.

Mota dzemota dzakadai dzinogona kuve nemavhoriyamu akasiyana.

Chii chinokanganisa ukuru hweinjini?

Chekutanga, kuwanda kwemasilinda kunokanganisa kushandiswa kwemafuta (kuderedza iyi parameter, mune volumetric enjini masisitimu anoshandiswa, semuenzaniso, jekiseni rakananga, turbocharging, zvichingodaro). Iyo yakawanda mafuta anopisa, simba rakawanda richaburitswa mune yega yega sitiroko yesimba. Mhedzisiro yeichi chiitiko kuwedzera kwesimba resimba remagetsi zvichienzaniswa neyakafanana mukati memoto injini yevhoriyamu diki.

Asi kunyange kana injini ikashandisa imwe nzira inoderedza "kudyisa" kwejini, mune imwe injini yemukati yakafanana ine vhoriyamu yakawedzerwa, kushandiswa kwemafuta kuchava kwakakwirira. Semuenzaniso, kushandiswa kwepeturu mune injini ye 1.5-litita muguta rekutyaira modhi ichava inenge malita mapfumbamwe pamakiromita zana (izvi zvinoenderana nehukuru hwemotokari, mutoro wayo uye masisitimu ayo anoshandisa). Kana iwe ukawedzera vhoriyamu yeinjini imwe chete ne 9 litita, ipapo mune imwecheteyo "voracity" yayo ichava anenge 100 malita pazana.

Asi kune rumwe rutivi, injini ine simba inokubvumira kuti ufambe zvakanyanya, izvo zvinoderedza nguva yebasa mune uneconomical mode. Uyezve, musimboti wekuti "simba rakawanda rinoda vhoriyamu yakawanda" rinoshanda chete kumotokari dzinotakura vanhu. Munyaya yemarori, kwete nguva dzose yakawedzera injini saizi inotungamira mukuwedzera kwebhiza. chikonzero ndechekuti kiyi parameter yeinjini yekupisa yemukati yekutakura mitoro yakakura torque pane akasiyana crankshaft kumhanya.

Injini saizi uye simba, kushandiswa kwemafuta,

Semuenzaniso, tarakita yeKamAZ 54115 ine 10.85-litre power unit (dzimwe motokari duku dzine injini, iyo inoenderana nehuwandu hwehumburumbira muKamAZ). Asi simba rechikamu ichi rinongova 240 horsepower. Mukuenzanisa, matatu-litre BMW X5 injini inokura 218 horsepower.

Mumotokari dzakareruka, vhoriyamu yeinjini yekupisa yemukati inokanganisa zvakananga masimba ekufambisa, kunyanya pakadzika uye yepakati crankshaft kumhanya. Asi iyi parameter inotungamirirwa kwete chete nejini inotamiswa, asiwo nekugadzirisa kwayo (iyo inokosha ye crank mechanism kana camshaft).

Iyo yakakwira vhoriyamu yeinjini, iyo yakanyanya kusimba kutapurirana kwemotokari, chassis yayo uye kumiswa kunofanirwa kuve, nekuti masisitimu aya achange atokanganiswa nemutoro wakakura. Mutengo wezvikamu zvakadaro wakakwira zvakanyanya, saka mutengo wemota ine injini hombe zvakare wakakwira.

Funga nezvehukama pakati pevhoriyamu uye kushandiswa kwemafuta, torque uye injini sosi.

Saizi yeinjini uye kushandiswa kwemafuta

Zvine musoro, iyo yakawanda mhepo / mafuta musanganiswa inopinda muhumburumbira pane yekudya sitiroko, iro simba rakawanda rinoburitswa apo injini iri kushanda. Sezvingatarisirwa, izvi zvakananga proportionally inokanganisa "voracity" injini. Asi izvi zvishoma chete. Izvi zvakafanana zvinogona kutaurwa pamusoro pemagetsi ekare. Semuenzaniso, kushanda kweiyo carbureted mukati memoto injini inoenderana chete nefizikisi (saizi yehuwandu hwekudyara, saizi yemakamuri mucarburetor, ukuru hwemakomba mumajeti, zvichingodaro zvakakosha).

Kana mutyairi achiramba achitsikirira gasi, anobva anyanya kushandisa peturu. Ichokwadi, kana injini ye carburetor ichimhanya pane gasi rechisikigo (chechipiri-chizvarwa HBO), izvi zvakare hazvishande, sezvo gasi inopinda mu carburetor pasi pekumanikidzwa, iyo inogadziriswa pakugadzirisa gearbox. Muchiitiko ichi, kuyerera kunogara kuri muhuwandu hwakafanana. Nokudaro, kana motokari ikaenda nokukurumidza, ichapisa gasi shoma.

Nekusuma tekinoroji yemazuva ano, maviri-lita injini yechizvarwa chazvino inogona kuve yakaderera zvakanyanya kushandiswa kana ichienzaniswa nediki mukati memoto injini yakagadzirwa muzana ramakore rapfuura. Ehe, vhoriyamu yakakura ichiri kukosha kukuru kwekushandisa, asi ikozvino "voracity" yeyuniti haibvi pane ichi chete.

Muenzaniso weiyi ndiyo imwechete mhando yemota ine 8 uye 16 mavharuvhu. Iine vhoriyamu yakafanana yemasilinda, 16-vharuvhu ichave yakasimba uye isinganyanyi kushata. Chikonzero ndechekuti maitiro ekupa musanganiswa wemhepo-mafuta emusanganiswa uye kubvisa gasi rekubuda mukati mawo zvakanyanya kunaka.

Asi kana tikaenzanisa iyo carburetor 16-vharuvhu ICE uye jekiseni analogue, ipapo yechipiri ichave yakanyanya kusimba uye ine hupfumi nekuda kweiyo shoma chikamu chepeturu kune yega yega sitiroko yekutora. Basa remazino rinodzorwa nemagetsi, uye kwete chete nefizikisi, sezvakangoita kune carburetor.

Uye kana injini inoshandisa shanduko yechikamu, yakanyatsogadziriswa mafuta, kupisa uye mamwe masisitimu, mota haizongove ine simba chete, asi ichapedza mafuta mashoma, uye panguva imwe chete ichaenderana nemamiriro ekunze.

Mamwe mashoko nezvehukama pakati pekushandisa uye huwandu hweinjini dzemukati dzemoto zvinotsanangurwa muvhidhiyo:

Mafuta ekushandisa uye injini kufambisa zvine hukama sei?

Kuchinja kweinjini uye torque yeinjini

Imwe parameter inokanganiswa nekuwedzera vhoriyamu ndeye torque. Simba repamusoro rinogona kuwanikwa nekutenderera crankshaft mumotokari diki nekuda kweiyo turbine (Ford's EcoBoost injini muenzaniso). Asi iyo idiki iyo vhoriyamu yemasilinda, iyo shoma inosunda inokura nekumhanya kwakaderera.

Semuenzaniso, kana zvichienzaniswa ne-lita eco-boost, 2.0-litre dizeli unit ichava nesimba shoma, asi paXNUMX rpm inenge iine zvakawanda zvekudhonza.

Nechikonzero ichi injini diki dzinonyanya kushanda pamotokari dzegorofu sezvo dzakareruka. Asi kune premium sedans, minivans kana pickups, zvikamu zvakadaro hazvina kukodzera, nokuti vane torque shoma pakadzika uye pakati nekumhanya, izvo zvakakosha zvikuru kumotokari dzinorema.

Saizi yeinjini uye sosi

Uye imwe parameter yakanangana nehukuru hwema cylinders ihwo hupenyu hwekushanda hwesimba remagetsi. Kana tichienzanisa injini dzine vhoriyamu 1.3 uye 2.0 litres ine simba remabhiza zana nemakumi matatu, zviri pachena kuti kuti uwane iyo yaidiwa, 130-litre yemukati inopisa injini inoda kuruka zvakanyanya (kana kuisirwa turbine). Injini yakakura ichaita basa iri nyore nyore.

Saizi yeinjini uye hupenyu hweinjini

Kazhinji kazhinji mutyairi "anosvina muto" kunze kwemota, zvishoma iyo unit inogara. Nechikonzero ichi, injini dzemazuva ano dzinopisa mukati dzine kushomeka kwemafuta uye simba repamusoro revhoriyamu yavo ine kiyi yekudzosera shure - yakaderera kushanda hupenyu. Pasinei neizvi, vazhinji vanogadzira automaker vanoramba vachigadzira zvidiki, zvine simba zvemukati injini dzekupisa. Muzviitiko zvakawanda, izvi zvinoitirwa kufadza makambani anotarisisa kutevedzwa kwemamiriro ekunze.

Zvakanakira nekuipira kweICE ine hombe uye diki vhoriyamu

Vatyairi vakawanda, vachisarudza motokari itsva, vanotungamirirwa kwete chete nekugadzirwa kwemotokari nemidziyo yayo, asiwo nekukura kwejini. Mumwe munhu haaise pfungwa yakawanda mune iyi parameter - nhamba inokosha kwavari, somuenzaniso, 3.0. Vamwe vanonzwisisa zvakajeka kuti yakawanda sei inzwi rinofanira kunge riri muinjini yemotokari yavo, uye nei iri.

Paunenge uchisarudza pane iyi parameter, zvakakosha kuyeuka kuti mota diki nemota dzine volumetric yemukati inopisa injini ine zvese pluses uye minuses. Saka, iyo yakakura kuwanda kwemasilinda, iyo yakakura simba reiyo unit. Izvi zvinowedzera simba remotokari, inova chinhu chisingarambiki, pakutanga uye pakupfuura. Kana mota yakadai ichifamba muguta, magetsi ayo haafanire kugara achirukwa kuti atange kufamba kana robhoti raita girinhi. Uyewo mumotokari yakadaro, unogona kuvhura air conditioner zvakachengeteka pasina kukuvara kunooneka kwekumhanya kusina basa.

Volumetric motors vane hupenyu hurefu hwekushanda kana uchienzaniswa nediki-inogonesa vamwe. Chikonzero ndechekuti mutyairi haawanzounza iyo unit kusvika pakumhanya kwakanyanya (kune nzvimbo shoma uko kugona kwakazara kweinjini yekupisa inogona kushandiswa). Imotokari duku, pane zvinopesana, inowanzoshanda nepamusoro-soro, somuenzaniso, pakutanga kana pakuchinja kune imwe giya rinotevera. Kuti zvidiki-zvine simba mukati meinjini dzinopisa dzikwanise kupa mota ine hunhu hwakanaka, vagadziri vanovashongedza ne turbocharger, izvo zvinowedzera kuderedza hupenyu hwavo hwekushanda.

Nekudaro, mota hombe hadzingodhure chete kupfuura zviyero zvakajairwa. Chimwe chinokanganisa cheinjini dzinopisa mukati ndeyekuwedzera kushandiswa kwemafuta uye antifreeze, uye kugadzirisa kwavo nekugadzirisa zvakare kunodhura. Paunenge uchitenga mota ine injini hombe, mutyairi anozofanira kubhadhara mutero wekutakura wepamusoro, uye kana uchinyorera inishuwarenzi, huwandu hwemupiro hunoenderana zvakananga nehuwandu hweiyo unit.

Nechikonzero ichi, usati wasarudza imwe ine simba rakawanda, unofanirwa kufunga kuti mukati mekushanda kwayo kwese, mutyairi anogona kushandisa mari yakawanda kupfuura muridzi weinjini diki yekupisa mukati, uyo anga atofanira kushandisa mari pakugadzirisa kukuru. zvemotikari.

Zvakanakira subcompact yemukati kupisa injini:

• yakachipa mutengo uye kugadzirisa zvimwe zvikamu, semuenzaniso, mabhokisi uye chassis;
• mari yekushandisa mafuta;
• iyo turbocharged vhezheni inosanganisa yakakwira kuita nemitoro shoma uye vhoriyamu idiki yekushanda.

Yakakura injini kutamiswa - zvayakanakira nezvayakaipira

Kukanganisa kwemajini nekushomeka kudiki:

• simba risina simba, nekuda kwekuti mota ine yakaderera kutakura huremu;
• simba risina kukwana;
• yakaderera injini zviwanikwa nekuda kwekungogara uchityaira pakumhanya kwakanyanya;
• iyo turbocharged vhezheni inodhura kwazvo kuchengetedza.

Zvakanakira mafambiro akanaka emota:

• simba rakakwirira kupfuura iro rezvehupfumi;
• yakawedzera zviwanikwa (injini inomhanya nekumhanyisa kumhanya zvisingawanzo, saka inogara kwenguva yakareba);
• simba rakanakisa (kuita zvakapfuurika kashoma iwe unofanirwa kuchinjira kune yakaderera kumhanya);
• kudziya nekukurumidza munguva yechando;
• kugadziriswa kwemuchadenga hakusi kwekupokana nehunhu hwemafuta.

Kukanganisa kwemagetsi emagetsi:

• kugadzirisa kunodhura kupfuura mune analogue yehupfumi (iwe unofanirwa kuzadza mamwe mafuta uye inotonhorera, isa bhokisi riri nani, kumiswa uye mabhureki);
• mitero yakakwira pakunyoresazve (kutenga mumusika wechipiri) uye kubvumidzwa kwetsika;
• kuwedzera mafuta.

Sezvauri kuona, huwandu hweinjini hwakabatana zvakanyanya nekuwedzera marara, zvese zviri mumota diki uye nevamwe vanodyisa "vanokara". Mukuona kweizvi, paunenge uchisarudza shanduko yemota maererano nekufamba, mumwe mutyairi anofanira kuenderera kubva pamamiriro ezvinhu ayo mota ichashandiswa.

Pamatanho api ekusarudza mota - ona iyi vhidhiyo:

Nzira yekusarudza mota, ndeipi injini iri nani?

Zviratidzo zvekushanda kwemotokari hombe

Zvichienzaniswa nemotokari dzine hombe uye diki shanduko yesimba remagetsi, ipapo makuru-enjini enjini anoshanda anotsvedzerera, uye zvakare haatambure nerudzi rwekupfeka izvo zvakasikwa kune zvidiki-zvinomisikidza turbocharged injini. Icho chikonzero ndechekuti yakadaro simba unit haidi kuenda kune yakanyanya kumhanya kuti uwane simba rinodiwa.

Yakadai simba unit inosangana nemutoro wepamusoro chete kana mota yatora chikamu mumakwikwi emitambo, semuenzaniso, kukukurwa (kuti uwane rumwe ruzivo nezve iri divi remota, verenga mune imwe ongororo). Iwe unogona kuverenga nezve mimwe mitambo yemitambo nekutora mota dzine simba pano.

Kana iyo volumetric simba unit ikashandiswa pasi peyakajairwa mamiriro, ine yakachengeterwa simba iyo inogara inogara isingashandiswe kana paitika emergency. Ehezve, iyo "rima divi" yeyakakura yekumisikidza injini ndiko kwayo kwakanyanya mafuta kudyiwa. Nekudaro, kune mari yekushandisa peturu, unogona kushandisa nemazvo huturu hwekutakura kana paine kufambisa kwakadai mumotokari, kana sarudza iyo chaiyo modhi mune robhoti kana otomatiki muchina. Mune imwe yoga wongororo takafukidza matipi matanhatu ekushandisa makanika.

Kunyangwe yakakwenenzverwa zvakanyanya, mota, iyo isingashandise kugona kwayo kwakazara, inotarisira makiromita miriyoni kana anopfuura pasina kugadziriswa kukuru. Zvichienzaniswa neinjini diki, iyi yakachipa mutengo yekuchengetedza - zvakakwana kuita mota pamota nenguva.

Nei mamodheru emazuva ano mazita asina kusungirwa kuinjini yekufambisa

Pakutanga, pakusarudza modhi yemota, imwe yaigona kutungamirwa nemazita epamuti, iyo modhi yaifanira kutariswa, nekuti ndiro iyi yairatidza kufambisa injini. Semuenzaniso, yechishanu BMW yakateedzana ne3.5-litre magetsi unit yakamboiswa mucherechedzo pazita rezita nekumaka 535. Asi nekufamba kwenguva, vazhinji uye vagadziri vemotokari vakatanga kushongedza mamodheru avo neaya turbocharged zviyero kuitira kuti vawedzere simba reyuniti. , asi tekinoroji iyi yakadzora zvakanyanya kushandiswa kwemafuta, uye, chokwadika, inoderedza huwandu hwesilinda. Panguva imwecheteyo, zvakanyorwa pahwendefa hazvichinje.

Muenzaniso weiyi ndeye yakakurumbira Mercedes-Benz 63 AMG. Pakutanga, pasi pehood yemota iyi pakanga paine 6.2-litre yakasarudzika simba unit. Asi iyo inogadzira kubvira kare yatsiva iyi injini ne5.5-litre, mbiri-turbo yemukati yemoto injini (yemabatiro akafanana TwinTurbo system, verenga pano). Nekudaro, iyo automaker haisi kushandura iyo 63AMG nameplate kune imwe yakakodzera.

Kuisa turbocharger inokutendera iwe kuti uwedzere zvine mutsindo simba reinjini yakasarudzika injini, kunyangwe iwe ukadzora vhoriyamu yayo. Tekinoroji yeEcoboost muenzaniso weizvi. Ipo injini ye1.6-litre inoshuvira injini ichave iine simba remabhiza zana nemakumi matatu neshanu (maverengero avakaita, uye zvazviri, zvinodaro mune imwe chinyorwa), iyo-litre eco-yekukudziridza inokura zvakanyanya se125 bhiza, asi shandisa mafuta mashoma.

Yechipiri yekuwedzera ye turbo injini ndeyekuti avhareji uye yakanyanya torque uye simba zviripo pazasi revs pane izvo zvinoshuvira izvo, izvo zvinoda kuwanda kutenderera kwesimba rinodiwa.

Injini yekukura inorevei mumotokari - 1,2 litita, 1,4 litita, 1,6 litita, nezvimwewo?

Kumaka nenhamba dzakafanana kunoratidza huwandu hwese hwema silinda einjini. Iyi haisi iyo yakazara huwandu hwehufuta hunodiwa mukati memoto injini pakufamba. Kana piston iri pazasi yakafa pakati pekudya, yakawanda yehumburumbira inozadzwa nemhepo uye mafuta atomize mairi.

Unhu hwekusanganiswa kwemhepo-mafuta kunoenderana nerudzi rwemafuta system (carburetor kana imwe yeinjector inogadziriswa). Kuti ubatsirwe zvakanaka peturu, kirogiramu imwe yemafuta inoda makirogiramu gumi nemana emhepo. Naizvozvo, muhumburumbira imwe chete, 14/1 chete yevhoriyamu inoumbwa nemhepo yepeturu.

Kuti uone huwandu hwehumburumbira imwe, unoda huwandu hwehuwandu, semuenzaniso, 1.3 litita (kana 1300 cubic centimita), yakakamurwa nenhamba yemasilinda. Kune zvakare chinhu chakadai sehuwandu hwekushanda hwemota. Iri ndiro izwi rinoenderana nekukwirira kwepiston kufamba muhumburumbira.

Kutamiswa kweinjini kunogara kuri kushoma pane yakazara vhoriyamu, sezvo isingabatanidzi zviyero zvekamuri yekupisa. Naizvozvo, mune zvinyorwa zvehunyanzvi padhuze nevhoriyamu yemota pane nhamba mbiri dzakasiyana.

Musiyano uripo pakati pehuwandu hwepeturu uye dizeli injini

Mafuta epeturu nedhiziri anobva mupetroleum, asi magadzirirwo azvinoitwa uye mashandisirwo aanoitwa muinjini dzemotokari akasiyana, saka haufanirwe kuzadza mota yako nemafuta asiri iwo. Diesel ine simba rakawanda kudarika peturu parita, uye kusiyana kwemashandiro anoita injini dzedhiziri dzinoita kuti dzishande zvakanaka kudarika dzadzo dzepeturu.

Injini yedhiziri yehukuru hwakafanana neinjini yepeturu ichagara ichinyanya hupfumi. Izvi zvinogona kuita kuti zvive nyore kusarudza pakati pezviviri, asi zvinosuruvarisa kuti hazvisi, nekuda kwezvikonzero zvakawanda. Kutangamota dzedhiziri dzinodhura, saka kazhinji unofanirwa kuve mutyairi wemamaira akakwira kuti uone mabhenefiti ekuchengetedza pamusoro pemutengo wepamusoro. Zvimwe chikonzero chakabatana ndechekuti mota dzedhiziri dzinoda kufamba munzira dzenguva dzose kuti dzirambe dziri muchimiro chakanaka, saka kana uchingoda mota yekutyaira muguta, dhiziri inogona kunge isiri nzira yekuenda nayo. Chechitatu chikonzero ndeyekuti madhiziri anogadzira zvakanyanya kusvibisa munharaunda, senge nitrous oxide, iyo inokanganisa kunaka kwemhepo zvakanyanya. 

Diesel ifuel yakanaka kune nzendo refu padzikira revs, senge mota nzendo. 

Gasoline, kune rumwe rutivi, inowanzova nani kumotokari diki uye inowanzove yakakurumbira muhatchbacks uye superminis. 

Vhidhiyo pamusoro wenyaya

Iyi vhidhiyo pfupi inotaura nezve maficha einjini ane vhoriyamu yakakura:

Sei uchida BIG injini?

Mibvunzo nemhinduro:

Chii chinonzi vhoriyamu yeinjini inoreva 2 litita. Iyo yakazara vhoriyamu yemota zvinoreva huwandu hwese hwezviratidzo zvehuwandu hwehuwandu hwesimbi dzese. Iyi paramende inoratidzwa mumalita. Asi vhoriyamu yekushanda yemasilindiri ese ishoma, nekuti inongofunga nezve mhango inofamba pisitoni. Iyi parameter inoyerwa muma cubic masentimita. Semuenzaniso, nevhoriyumu yekushanda yeinjini yemukati yemoto ye1992 cubic masentimita, inonzi maviri-litre zvikamu.

Injini yekufambisa iri nani. Izvo zvinonyanya kushandisa kushandisa simba unit ine hombe vhoriyamu. Kunyangwe iyo turbocharged unit ine diki vhoriyamu inogona kuve iine simba rakawanda kupfuura rakafanana rakafanirwa unit, ine ipfupi ipfupi sosi nekuda kwemitoro yakakwira. Injini yekutsva yemukati yekuvhenekesa haina kunyatso kuoneswa kune mutoro, nekuti mutyairi haaishandise pakumhanya kwakanyanya. Panyaya iyi, chokwadi, uchafanira kushandisa mari yakawanda pane mafuta. Asi kana mutyairi asingatyaire kazhinji, izvi hazvizove marara akakosha mugore. Kana paine otomatiki hutachiwana mumotokari, saka unofanirwa kutora mota ine injini yevolumetric, nekuti otomatiki haimhanyisa injini yemagetsi yemukati kumakwiriro akakwira kana uchimhanyisa kumhanya yakakwira. Kune mota diki, kufambiswa kwebhuku kuri nani.

Maitiro ekuyera injini kufambisa.  Izvi zvichabatsira ruzivo rwehunyanzvi nezve mota. Kana imwe mota isina bhuku rebasa, kutsvaga ruzivo nenhamba yeVIN kunobatsira. Asi kana uchitsiva mota, ruzivo urwu rwunenge rwatove rwakasiyana. Kuti utarise iyi data, iwe unofanirwa kutsvaga iyo ICE nhamba uye chero ayo mamaki. Iko kudiwa kweaya data kunomuka kana uchigadzira iyo unit. Kuti uone vhoriyamu, iwe unofanirwa kuziva nharaunda yeiyo humburumbira yakatenderera uye nekukwirira kwepiston sitiroko (kubva kumusoro kufa nzvimbo kusvika BDC). Vhoriyamu yesirinda yakaenzana nekwere yenharaunda yakawedzeredzwa nekukwirira kwekurohwa kwepiston, uye nenhamba yenguva dzose ye pi. Kureba uye nharaunda kunofanirwa kutsanangurwa mumasendimita. Mune ino kesi, vhoriyamu ichave cm³.