Iyo chishandiso uye musimboti wekushanda kweiyo chiutsi system yemota
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Iyo chishandiso uye musimboti wekushanda kweiyo chiutsi system yemota

Yese mota yakashongedzerwa neinopinda mukati injini yekutsva ine ingangoita yechinyakare yekubvisa sisitimu. Iyo yakaisirwa kwete chete yekupa nyaradzo kumutyairi nevamwe. Iyi dhizaini inoita basa rakakosha mukurasa kwakakodzera kwemweya wekuzadza.

Funga nezve dhizaini yeiyo chiutsi system, pamwe nesarudzo dzekuvandudza kwayo uye kugadzirisa.

Chii chinonzi mota chiutsi system?

Iyo yekudzimisa sisitimu inoreva seti yemapaipi ehurefu hwakasiyana uye madimitha, pamwe nemidziyo yevolumetric, mukati mayo mune zvipingaidzo. Iyo inogara ichiiswa pasi pemotokari uye yakabatana neakawanda chiutsi.

Iyo chishandiso uye musimboti wekushanda kweiyo chiutsi system yemota

Nekuda kwekugadzirwa kwakasiyana kwemadziva (main muffler, resonator uye catalyst), ruzha rukuru rwunogadzirwa nekuda kwekushanda kwesimba remagetsi rakadzvanywa.

Chinangwa cheiyo mota chiutsi system

Seizvo zita rinoratidzira, iyo sisitimu yakagadzirirwa kubvisa gasi rekudzimisa kubva muinjini. Pamusoro peiri basa, ichi chivakwa chinoshandawo kune:

  • Pedza ruzha damping. Kana injini yatanga, kuputika kwemhepo-musanganiswa wemhepo kunoitika mudzimba dzinoshanda dzesirinda. Kunyangwe muzvidiki zvidiki, maitiro aya anoperekedzwa nekuombera kwakasimba. Simba rinoburitswa rakaringana kutyaira mapistoni mukati memasirinda. Nekuda kwekuvapo kwezvinhu zvine dzakasiyana zvemukati zvimiro, ruzha rwekuneta rwakaderedzwa nemabuffles ari mune isina kugadzikana.
  • Neutralization yetsvina ine chepfu. Iri basa rinoitwa neanoshandura anobatsira. Chinhu ichi chakaiswa padyo padyo sezvinobvira nesirinda block. Panguva yekupisa kwemhepo-mafuta musanganiswa, gasi rine muchetura rinoumbwa, iro rinosvibisa zvakanyanya nharaunda. Kana chiutsi chikapfuura nepakati, makemikari maitiro anoitika, semhedzisiro yekubviswa kwemweya unokuvadza.
  • Kubviswa kwemagasi kunze kwemotokari. Kana iwe ukaisa chisina kugadzikana padhuze neinjini, ipapo kana mota yakamira neinjini inomhanya (semuenzaniso, parobhoti kana mumugwagwa wemotokari), magasi ekumedza angangoungana pasi pemotokari. Sezvo mweya wekutonhodza mupanda wevapfuuri unotorwa kubva muchikamu cheinjini, mune ino kesi oxygen shoma yaizopinda mukamuri revapfuuri.Iyo chishandiso uye musimboti wekushanda kweiyo chiutsi system yemota
  • Pedza kutonhora. Kana mafuta apiswa mumasirinda, tembiricha inokwira kusvika 2000 degrees. Mushure mekunge magasi abviswa kuburikidza nezvakawanda, anotonhorera, asi kunyangwe zvakadaro anopisa zvekuti anogona kukuvadza munhu. Neichi chikonzero, zvese zvikamu zveiyo chiutsi sisitimu (yesimbi ine kupisa kwakanyanya kupisa, ndiko kuti, inokurumidza kupisa uye kutonhora pasi). Nekuda kweizvozvo, mweya wekudzima haupise avo vanopfuura nepombi yekuzadza.

Pedza hurongwa

Zvichienderana nemota yemota, iyo yekumesa system ichave neyakasiyana dhizaini. Nekudaro, kazhinji, chimiro chesystem chakangofanana. Dhizaini yacho inosanganisira zvinotevera zvinhu:

  • Pedza zvakawanda. Chinhu ichi chakagadzirwa nesimbi isingadziye kupisa, sezvo ichitora pane huru yekupisa mutoro. Nechikonzero chimwe chete ichocho, zvakakosha kuti kubatana kune iyo humburumbira musoro nepombi yepamberi yakasimba zvakanyanya sezvinobvira. Mune ino kesi, iyo sisitimu haizopfuure nekukurumidza kuyerera kwemhepo inopisa magasi. Nekuda kweizvi, mubatanidzwa waizotsva nekukurumidza, uye ruzivo rwunofanira kuchinjwa kazhinji.
  • "Pants" kana pombi yepamberi. Ichi chikamu chakadaidzwa nekuti chiutsi kubva kumasirinda ese chakabatana mairi kuita pombi imwe. Zvichienderana nerudzi rweinjini, huwandu hwemapaipi hunobva pane huwandu hwesirinda yeyuniti.
  • Resonator. Iyi ndiyo inonzi "diki" nyoro. Mune dura rayo diki, danho rekutanga rekudzora kuyerera kwemweya wekuyeresa unoitika. Izvo zvakare zvinogadzirwa kubva kune inofungidzira alloy.Iyo chishandiso uye musimboti wekushanda kweiyo chiutsi system yemota
  • Anogadzirisa chinja. Chinhu ichi chakaiswa mune dzese mota dzemazuva ano (kana injini iri dhiziri, pane firita panzvimbo pechigadziro). Basa rayo ndere kubvisa zvinhu zvine chepfu kubva kumagasi ekudzimisa akaumbwa mushure mekutsva kwemafuta edhiziri kana peturu. Kune mhando dzakasiyana dzemidziyo yakagadzirirwa kudzikisira magasi anokuvadza. Inowanzozivikanwa ndeye ceramic modification. Mavari, iyo inokonzeresa muviri ine huchi-senge maseru mamiriro. Mune makaturatifomu akadaro, muviri unodzivirirwa (kuitira kuti madziro asatsva), uye yakanaka-mesh simbi mesh yakaiswa pamusuwo. Mesh uye zvedongo huso hwakaputirwa nechinhu chinoshanda, nekuda kwekuti kuitisa kwemakemikari kunoitika. Iyo simbi vhezheni yacho ingango fanika neiyo ceramic imwe, chete pachinzvimbo chekeramiki, muviri wayo unoumbwa nesimbi, iyo yakafukidzwa netete yakatetepa yepalladium kana platinamu.
  • Sarudzo yeLambda kana sensor yeoksijeni. Inoiswa mushure mekukonzera. Mumota dzemazuva ano, chikamu ichi chikamu chakabatana chinowanisa masisitimu emafuta uye ekupedza. Paunenge uchisangana nemweya wekudzimisa, unoyera huwandu hweoxygen uye inotumira chiratidzo kuchikamu chekutonga (rumwe ruzivo nezve chimiro uye mashandiro ayo anotsanangurwa pano).Iyo chishandiso uye musimboti wekushanda kweiyo chiutsi system yemota
  • Main kugaya. Kune akawanda marudzi akasiyana emanyowa. Chimwe nechimwe chazvo chine zvigadzirwa zvaro zvakagadzirwa. Chaizvoizvo, iyo "bhangi" ine zvikamu zvakati wandei, nekuda kwekuti ruzha rukuru rwadzimwa. Mimwe mienzaniso ine yakakosha chishandiso iyo, nerubatsiro rweinokosha ruzha, inokutendera iwe kusimbisa simba reinjini (muenzaniso weiyi ndiyo nzira yekudzimisa yeSubaru Impreza).

Pamharadzano dzenzvimbo dzese, kusimba kwakanyanya kunofanirwa kuverengerwa, zvikasadaro mota ichaita ruzha, uye kumucheto kwepombi kuchapisa nekukurumidza. Iwo ma gaskets akagadzirwa kubva kune zvinopesana zvinhu. Kugadzirira kwakachengeteka, mabhaudhi anoshandiswa, uye nekudaro kuti kubvunda kubva muinjini kusatapurirwe kumuviri, mapaipi uye zvinogadzirwa zvinomiswa kubva pasi vachishandisa mhete dzerabha.

Mashandiro anoita chiutsi

Kana iyo vharuvhu ichivhura pane yekuzadza sitiroko, iyo yekuzadza magasi inoendeswa mukati meiyo yakawanda yakawanda. Vanobva vapinda mupombi yepamberi uye vakabatana nekuyerera kunouya kubva kune mamwe masirinda.

Kana injini yemoto yemukati yakashongedzerwa ne turbine (semuenzaniso, muinjini dzedhiziri kana turbocharged peturu vhezheni), ipapo chiutsi chekutanga kubva muzvizhinji chinopihwa iyo compressor impeller, uye ipapo chete inopinda mupombi yekudyira.

Iyo chishandiso uye musimboti wekushanda kweiyo chiutsi system yemota

Iyo inotevera poindi chinhu chinokonzeresa umo zvinhu zvinokuvadza zvakagadziriswa. Chikamu ichi chinogara chichiiswa padhuze neinjini sezvinobvira, nekuti maitiro emakemikari anoitika patembiricha yakakwira (kuti uwane rumwe ruzivo nezve mashandiro eanoshandura anobatsira mune imwe yakatarwa chinyorwa).

Ipapo chiutsi chinopfuura nepakati resonator (zita rinotaura nezve mashandiro echikamu ichi - kudzoreredza ruzha rukuru) uye ndokupinda mune chakakora chakanyanya. Kune akapatsanurwa akati wandei mune isina kugadzikana mhango ine maburi akakwenenzverwa hama kune mumwe nemumwe. Nekuda kweizvi, kuyerera kunodzoreredzwa kakawanda, ruzha rwakaderedzwa, uye pombi yekudzimisa yakatetepa uye yakanyarara sezvinobvira.

Zvinogona kuitika zvinokanganisa, nzira dzekubvisa uye kugadzirisa sarudzo

Iyo yakajairika yekupedza sisitimu kutadza kushanda chikamu kupisa. Kazhinji kazhinji izvi zvinoitika panosangana nekuda kwekudonha. Zvichienderana nezinga rekuputsika, iwe uchazoda yako wega mari. Kuneta kunowanzoitika mukati memanyowa.

Chero zvazvingaitika, kuongorora iyo yekumesa system nderimwe remabasa ari nyore. Chinhu chikuru kuterera kune basa remota. Kana ruzha rwekupedzisa rukatanga kuwedzera (kutanga runowana ruzha rwe "bass" ruzha, kunge mota ine simba), zvino inguva yekutarisa pasi pemota uye uone panowira mvura.

Iyo chishandiso uye musimboti wekushanda kweiyo chiutsi system yemota

Kugadzira mamuffler zvinoenderana nedanho rekupfeka. Kana chikamu chacho chisingadhuri, zvino zvingava zviri nani kuchitsiva nechimwe chitsva. Dzimwe dudziro dzinodhura dzinogona kuve chiumbwe ne gasi sludge uye nemagetsi simbi. Kune akawanda maonero akasiyana pane izvi, saka mutyairi anofanirwa kuzvisarudzira kuti ndeipi nzira yekugadzirisa yekushandisa.

Kana paine okisijeni sensor mune yekumesa system, iko kusashanda kwayo kuchaita zvakakomba kugadzirisa kune mashandiro eiyo mafuta system uye inogona kukuvadza iyo inokonzeresa. Nechikonzero ichi, dzimwe nyanzvi dzinokurudzira kuchengeta imwe yakanaka yekunzwa muchitoro nguva dzese. Kana, mushure mekutsiva chikamu, injini yekukanganisa chiratidzo inonyangarika padhodhibhodhi, saka dambudziko raive mairi.

Pedza sisitimu kugadzirisa

Dhizaini yeiyo chiutsi system ine chinongedzo chakanangana nesimba reinjini. Neichi chikonzero, vamwe vatyairi vanoisimudzira nekuwedzera kana kubvisa zvimwe zvinhu. Sarudzo yekudyara yakajairika ndeye kumisikidza iyo yakatwasuka-kuburikidza nemushini. Mune ino kesi, resonator inobviswa kubva muchirongwa kuti iwedzere kushanda.

Iyo chishandiso uye musimboti wekushanda kweiyo chiutsi system yemota

Izvo zvakakosha kuti uzive kuti kukanganisa neiyo system dhizaini kunogona kukanganisa zvakanyanya kugona kweiyo powertrain. Shanduko yega yega yemufuru inosarudzwa ichifunga nezve simba reinjini. Kune izvi, dzakaoma mainjiniya kuverenga kunoitwa. Nechikonzero ichi, mune zvimwe zviitiko, kukwidziridza iyo sisitimu hakungofadzi chete kurira, asi zvakare "kunoba" anokosha emabhiza kubva mumotokari.

Kana pasina ruzivo rwakakwana maererano nekushanda kweinjini uye yekumesa system, zviri nani kune anofarira mota kutsvaga rubatsiro kubva kuna nyanzvi. Ivo vanozobatsira kwete chete kusarudza chaicho chinhu chinogadzira chaunoda kuita, asi zvakare kudzivirira kukuvara kune mota nekuda kwekusakafanira mashandiro ehurongwa.

Mibvunzo nemhinduro:

Ndeupi musiyano uripo pakati pepombi yekuburitsa uye muffler? Iyo muffler mu exhaust system itangi isina mhango ine mabaffles akawanda mukati. Iyo pombi yekupopota ipombi yesimbi inotambanuka kubva kune huru muffler.

Nderipi zita rakakodzera repombi yekupedza simba? Iri ndiro zita rakakodzera rechikamu ichi chemota exhaust system. Hazvina kunaka kuidaidza kuti muffler, nekuti pombi inongotsausa magasi emhepo kubva kune muffler.

Iyo exhaust system inoshanda sei? Exhaust magasi anosiya macylinders kuburikidza nemavharuvhu emhepo. Vanobva vapinda mumhepo inopedza simba - mune resonator (mumotokari dzemazuva ano pachine chigadziriso pamberi payo) - kupinda muffler mukuru uye mupombi yekupedza.

Chii chinonzi exhaust yemotokari? Iyo sisitimu inochenesa, inotonhorera, uye inoderedza pulsation uye ruzha kubva kune ekunze magasi anosiya injini. Iyi sisitimu inogona kusiyana mumhando dzakasiyana dzemotokari.

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