Chii chinonzi SUV?

Vakawanda, pavanenge vachitenga SUV kana crossover, havagoni kusiyanisa pakati pemashoko maviri aya uye, semhedziso, havagoni kunzwisisa chinangwa chechokwadi cheimwe muenzaniso.

Crossover yakasarudzika, yakamira yakazvimirira SUV modhi. Misiyano mikuru pakati pemotokari mbiri iri mune yehunyanzvi uye dhizaini dhizaini, mafuta anoshandiswa, uye chiyero cheaya mamodheru.

Imotokari yemugwagwa, iri zvakare iri munzira, iro basa hombe rekuishandisa mumigwagwa ipi neipi, kunyanya isiri-mugwagwa, ndiko kuti, iwo matunhu ane huremu hwakanyanya hwekuyambuka-nyika. Ehe, inogona kushandiswa mumigwagwa yemumadhorobha, asi mukana wayo kushanda mumamiriro ezvinhu akaomarara emigwagwa, senge jecha, chando, minda nenzvimbo dzakafanana.

Crossover imhando yemusanganiswa wemotokari uye SUV. Kukosha mukushandisa kunopihwa kune zvakajairika kutyaira kweguta. Zvakare, mazhinji crossover mamodheru ndewemhando yemhuri. Iyi mota iri nyore kushanda kunze kweguta, semuenzaniso, zororo remhuri mune zvakasikwa.

История

Iyo Lohner Porshe, yakagadzirwa naFredinard Porsche muna 1900 nekumira kwakazvimirira pamakumbo mana, inoonekwa semutungamiriri weSUVs.

Manheru eHondo Yenyika Yechipiri, mauto eAmerica aida mota dzine simba dzine hunyanzvi hwakanyanya hwekugadzira muchinjika-nyika. Aya ndiwo magadzirirwo akaitwa Ford GP naWillys naFord. Muchidimbu GP yakatumidza mota iyi zita rekuti "Jeep", iyo yakapa zita rakadaro kune ese aitevera mota dzerudzi urwu. Gare gare, modhi yerudzi rwevanhu vasiri varwi yakagadzirwa.

Iyo yengano "Jeep" yakava hwaro hwekugadzirwa kwese SUVs nemamwe makambani emotokari.

Izwi rekuti "SUV" rakaonekwa mumakore ekuma90 kudzivirira matambudziko neChrysler Corporation, iyo muridzi weJeep trademark.

Chii chinonzi SUV: tsananguro

Imotokari yemugwagwa isiri-yemavhiri anotyaira-mumugwagwa mutyairi wemotokari anoshandiswa mashandiro mumigwagwa yematanho ese, pamwe nemugwagwa. Hunhu hunhu hwemuchinjiko-nyika mota kubvumidzwa kwepasi, mana-mavhiri ekutyaira michina uye yakaderera giya renji. Nekuda kwedaro rakakura pakati penzvimbo inotsigira, clearance yepasi nemavhiri makuru, iyo SUV inokwanisa kukunda nyore nzvimbo dzakaomesesa.

Iyi mhando yemotokari inoratidzirwa nekureruka uye kupamhama kwekabhini, hupfumi uye, kunyanya kukosha, off-road patency.

Transmission

Iko kufambisa chinhu chakakosha cheiyo yakazara powertrain cheni.

Kune maSUV uye crossovers, pane aya anotevera marudzi ekutapurirana:

1. Kutyaira-mavhiri kwese kunoenderera. Nheyo yerudzi urwu ndeyekuchinjisa torque kubva kuinjini kuenda kumasipisi emota, ndiko kuti, kutapurirana panguva imwe chete kumavhiri ese.

2. Kubatana kweese-vhiri dhiraivha ine otomatiki mhando. Rudzi urwu rwekutyaira rwakabatana otomatiki kana rimwe remavhiri ekutyaira rotsvedza. Motokari dzine mhando iyi yekutyaira dzakanakira mashandiro mumigwagwa isina kuchena yechando nemigwagwa ine jecha.

3. Kubatanidza zvese-vhiri dhiraivhita ine michina mhando. Rudzi chete urwo musina musiyano wepakati, izvo zvinoita kuti mhando iyi ive nyore uye isingadhuri kuitisa. Rudzi urwu rwekutyaira haruna kugadzirirwa kushandiswa zvachose, asi chete mumamiriro ezvinhu asiri emugwagwa.

Undercarriage

Iyo yepasi pekufambisa ndiyo imwe yemaitiro akakosha emuchina. Izvo pane kumiswa uko iko kuyambuka-kuyambuka-nyika kugona uye nemutoro wekutakura mota.

Kune akatiwandei marudzi epasi pekupararira:

1.With kunoenderana kumberi uye neshure kuturika. Nheyo huru yekumiswa uku iri mukutsamira kwekufamba kwemavhiri ese kubva kune mumwe nemumwe, sezvo mavhiri ari akafanana kune mumwe uye aine hukama hwakasimba kune mumwe nemumwe.

2. Nekuzvimiririra kuturika kwemavhiri ose. Chimiro chechimiro ndechekuzvimiririra kwevhiri rega rega, iro rakashongedzerwa neayo yekutsanya system. Mukupesana nekumisikidzwa kunotsamira - mune iyi vhiri ekisero haipo.

Muviri

Aya maSUV ane musiyano wakakura kwazvo wemuviri. Kune ese marudzi emitumbi, zvimwe zvakafanana zvichave zviripo, semuenzaniso, mune yakakura dhayamita yemavhiri, yakakwira clearance, zvishandiso zvine injini ine simba, zvichingodaro.

Mhando dzekutanga dzisiri-dzekuyedza dzemotokari dzisiri-dzemugwagwa dzakapihwa mumuviri weinoshandurwa. Muviri wakaita kunge wechikepe wakagadzirwa nesimbi isina masvingo epadivi. Rudzi urwu rwainyanya kudiwa mumauto. Muenzaniso wevasina kugadzirwa wakagadzirwa neturu yakashandurwa pamusoro. Nokufamba kwenguva, tarpaulin yakatsiviwa nepurasitiki, asi aya mamodheru anenge asiri kutumirwa kumusika.

Imwe nzira yekushandurwa inogona kutariswa seSUV ine muviri, zvakanaka, inozivikanwa neyakavhurika. Pamamodeli mazhinji, iyo yekumashure superstructure yaive yakapetwa uye inobviswa.

Iyo station wagon body inoonekwa se "yakasarudzika" zvichienderana nekukosha kwayo. Mota zhinji dziri kunze-mumugwagwa dzakagadzirwa mumikova mishanu yechiteshi chengoro. Muviri uyu unoratidzwa nemukati wakapamhama, wakawanda "high ceilings". Dzimwe motokari dzine mutsara wechitatu wezvigaro zviri munzvimbo yekutakura.

Coupe SUVs inogadzirwa zvishoma zvishoma pane mamwe maSUV ane imwe mhando yemuviri. Muviri uyu unoratidzwa zvakanyanya nekamuri kadiki kemikwende uye nenzvimbo shoma pachigaro chekumashure.

Chiverengero chidiki chemaSUV anoratidzwa muchimiro chemakombi. Mhando iyi inosanganisa maficha enyaradzo uye kugona kuyambuka-nyika. Kuwanda kwema minivans akadaro kushoma uye kunonyanya kushandiswa mumauto nekutsvagisa minda.

Panguva ino, ese maSUV anogona kukamurwa kuita mapoka maviri:

1.With furemu muviri. Iyo furemu muviri wakashandiswa kugadzira mota dzekutanga uye dhizaini iyi ichiri kushandiswa nanhasi. Chinhu chikuru chakanakira iko kugona kwekutakura mota. Hwaro hwechimiro ihuremu hwesimbi inoremerwa pamusoro payo muviri uye chassis.

2. Nemuviri wemonokie, wakatsiva furemu yekutanga uye iri imwe sarudzo yemazuva ano. Motokari dzine mhando iyi yemuviri hadziremeri zvakanyanya nekuda kwekugadzirwa chaiko kwekurema kwavo uye kuomarara kwakaringana.

Mhando uye mhando dzeSUVs

Sezvo SUV iri mota yekuyambuka-nyika, ine marudzi mazhinji akasiyana, ayo anofanirwa kusanganisira kwete mota chete, asiwo dzimwe mota, kunyanya mota dzemauto, kusvika kumarori eKAMAZ nemarori ekurasa akagadzirirwa basa rekuchera.

Imwe neSUV inoonekwa nemhando dzakasiyana, dzinozviratidza munguva inotevera:

1. Mhando yesimba remagetsi. Semuenzaniso, injini yedhiziri inoonekwa seine simba zvakanyanya uye inobatsira zvakanyanya kupfuura injini yepeturu, iyo ine huwandu hwemafuta uye yakaderedza kuita kweinjini.

2. Mhando dzependende dzakasiyana. Imotokari yega yega ine kumiswa kwakasiyana uko kune simba rakakura pakuchinja kwayo.

3. Kutyaira. Mazhinji maSUV akashongedzerwa nemavhiri-mana, asi kune zvakare yekuchinja dhiraivha, iyo inokutendera iwe kuti ugadzire shanduko kubva kune mana-vhiri dhiraivha kuenda kumberi kana kumashure.

4. Kupamhama kwekamba uye huwandu hwezvigaro zvevapfuuri.

Coupe

Coupe SUVs anonyanya kuwanikwa pakati kusvika kuzere saizi akasiyana. Mune mhando iyi, ese akajairwa hunhu hunhu hwemumugwagwa-mota yakavhenganiswa: yakadzika pasi clearance, ina-vhiri dhiraivha, injini simba uye makuru mavhiri. Chassis yeaya mamodheru anovasarudzira semota dzemumaguta dzedhorobha kupfuura dzemumigwagwa mota dzakagadzirira kuyedzwa kwemugwagwa.

Medium

Epakati-saizi SUVs vari kudiwa zvikuru zvichienderana reshiyo yemhando uye mutengo. Iyi mhando ndiyo yakanakisa sarudzo: inoratidzirwa neyakakura yakaringana yemukati uye inoshamisa saizi kune rimwe divi, kubata uye hupfumi hwakabatana nekushandiswa kwemafuta kune rimwe divi.

Heavy

Heavy SUVs zvakanyanya kutonga huremu hwevanofamba nemota. Heavy SUVs vane yakasimba, yakakura kutaridzika. Unhu hunhu hunoenderana nezita racho pacharo: simba rakakura uye kusuduruka kweinjini uye, nekudaro, kushandiswa kwakanyanya. Nekuda kwehukuru hukuru, huremu uye hunyanzvi hunhu, michina iyi ine kuita kwakanakisa mukushanda mune yakaoma mamiriro ekunze.

Chimiro

Chimiro chemafuremu hachina kumbochinja zvakanyanya kubva kugadzirwa kwemotokari dzekutanga. Musimboti webasa iri pachena: chinhu chikuru furemu iri pamusoro payo iyo muviri wakaiswa, uye maekisero akagadzika kubva pasi. Chimiro chemafuremu chinokutendera kuti uwedzere mutoro weSUV uye nekudaro unomira nemitoro inorema.

Iko kusiyanisa kwakasiyana sei nemaSUV

Mhinduro kumubvunzo uyu ichave isina kujairika. Chokutanga, tinofanira kuziva kuti crossover - mhando SUV. Aya mamodheru maviri ane angangoita akafanana ekunze maitiro, mutsauko uri mune chete dhizaini dhizaini, pamwe neyakafanana ese-mavhiri ekutyaira, yakakwira pasi clearance uye yakakwirira zvigaro nzvimbo.

Iwo makuru ekuparadzira maficha akarara mumuviri wemotokari: crossover inoratidzirwa neyakagadzika dhizaini, uye iyo SUV ine inorema chimiro chemuviri ine hwaro hwakasimba, sezvinoonekwa nehuremu hwayo hunorema

Basa rinokosha rinoitwa nemavhiri emotokari, kureva matayi. Sezvo mutemo, matai matete anoiswa pamacrossovers, uye matai emhando yakaoma uye yakawedzera embossed anoiswa paSUVs.

MaSUV akashongedzerwa nekumiswa kwevhiri, iro rinozivikanwa nekuwiriranisa mukuchinja chinzvimbo chemavhiri nekuda kweyakajairika ekisero, uye crossovers ane mavhiri akazvimiririra kune mumwe nemumwe.

Pfungwa yakakosha ndeye mubvunzo wekudarika kwemotokari. Kana iyo SUV yakagadzirirwa chete nzvimbo yakaoma uye isina mugwagwa, saka crossover ine mabasa maviri: kutanga, yakagadzirirwa migwagwa yemuguta, uye rwechipiri kune off-road. Iyo chete SUV ine mhando dzakasiyana siyana, kubva kumarori marara marori kuenda kumota dzechiuto, iyo crossover inonyanya kuitirwa mafambiro emugwagwa uye kunze-kweguta nzendo.

Yakakurumbira SUV mamodheru uye mabhureki

Musika wepasi rose unozadzwa nemhando nyowani gore rega rega, asi hapana mota nyowani dzakawana mukurumbira pakati pevatengi. Chikamu cheSUV (SUVs uye crossovers) chinoonekwa nevanoongorora vanoverengeka vanobva munyika dzakasiyana. Tamboyera zvisarudzo zveaya mazvikokota, kudiwa kwemotokari uye zvimwe zvakakosha maitiro, isu tinokuudza nezve akakurumbira mhando uye mamodheru emaSUV.

Dzinenge miriyoni imwe dzeToyota RAV1 mota dzakatengwa pamusoro pegore rapfuura. Iyi premium crossover yakakunda kutariswa kwevatengi nekutenda kune ayo matsva-ese mavhiri ekutyaira uye mutengo uri pachena wakaderera kupfuura dzimwe mota dzemhando yepamusoro. Ehezve, izvi hazvisi zvese hunhu izvo zvaita kudiwa kukuru. Muchina une hunyanzvi hwekuita, kunyanya muinjini yepamusoro-soro ine huwandu hwekumanikidza, izvo zvinobatsira kuwana simba rakakwira. Imwe nyowani inofungidzirwa semhando nhatu dzekufambisa panguva imwe chete. Zvekunyaradza kwakanyanya, kune maviri-zone ekudzora mamiriro ekunze, cruise control, yakakosha yekupinda system uye nezvimwe. Kunze uye zvemukati pachawo zviri mune yakasarudzika dhizaini yazvino uye yakasarudzika. Yakanaka yekumhanyisa masimba ane matsva uye ehunyanzvi maratidziro, hutsva hwechitaira zvese zvemukati nekunze pamwe nekupihwa kwemamiriro akasununguka, isa Toyota SUV mumutungamiri mukutengesa.

Mushure mekupa hutungamiriri kuRAV4, iyo Japan Honda CR-V haina kunyanya kufarirwa. Zvizvarwa zvakati wandei zveSUV zvakawana kutarisisa pamusika. Iyo mota ine yekupedzisira-yechizvino dhizaini, iyo inonyatso kuoneka mumuviri, mwenje, uye hood refu. Kunze kweSUV kune chimiro chemitambo, uye mukati mayo mune kupamhama uye huwandu hwesarudzo dzakagadzirwa kuti zvive nyore kune vafambi. Pamusoro pekunze hunhu, mamodheru ane yakanaka hunyanzvi data, akati wandei injini dzine simba, ese-vhiri rekutyaira michina, izvo pamwe zvinoita SUV simba uye rakavimbika. 2018 yaive budiriro chaiyo yeCR-V, huwandu hwekutenga hwakawedzera kusvika pamiriyoni imwe chete uye mota yakagashirawo mibairo minomwe kubva kumasangano anozivikanwa emabhizimusi kutenderera pasirese.

The German Volkswagen Tiguan mumwe wevatungamiri muSUVs. Iyi modhi ine zvizvarwa zvakati wandei, asi yaive yekupedzisira yakaita kuti iite kuti Tiguan modhi ive yakakura kwazvo kukambani yemotokari. Muna 2019, zvinopfuura zviuru zve910 zvemhando dzakatengeswa, uye maererano nekufungidzira kwegore rino, Tiguan yakatengesa zvinopfuura mamiriyoni matanhatu kubva muna 6. Chizvarwa chechipiri chemotokari chine maitiro epamusoro ehutano uye zvigadzirwa zvemichina. Imwe neimwe gadziriso ine yayo zvimiro, yakasarudzika yekunze maitiro uye sarudzo dzekupa nyaradzo. Yakasarudzika uye yemhando yepamusoro yemukati trim inofungidzirwa kune idiki ruzivo uye inokutendera iwe kuti uise iyo Tiguan padivi nemota dzinodhura. Sarudzo dziri mukati mekabhini dzinofungidzirwawo kune diki diki, kusvika pazvigaro zvekudziya uye zvigadziko zvekupa yakanyanya kunyaradza. Tiguan yakashongedzerwa nemavhiri ese uye injini ine simba. Kunyanya iyi SUV inotsvedzerera kana ichikona uye kumhanya paunenge uchisimudza kumhanya, pamwe nemota ine akati wandei nzira dzekutyaira zvichienderana nemugwagwa uye mamiriro ekunze. Yakashongedzerwa neyakagadziridzwa sisitimu yekuvapo kwema sensors pamberi pemota, yakagadzirirwa kuchengetedzwa kwakanyanya, sezvo mota inokwanisa kuchengetedza imwe kumhanya uye kugara padanho rimwe chete kubva kumota iri pamberi.

Iyo Hyundai Tucson crossover yakapinda mumusika zvine ruzha uye ikawana mukurumbira. Pakati pezvakakwidziridzwa vhezheni, iyo 2019 modhi inokodzera kutariswa kwakanyanya. Iyo Tucson nyowani ine yekushomeka-dhizaini dhizaini, kunyanya mu grille yakafara, bhoneti uye bhamba shanduko dzinoita kuti iratidzike semitambo. Zvekunze uye zvemukati zvinhu izvozvi zvave muvara chairo rekunaka kutaridzika. The kabhini iri vakapakata michina yemhando yepamusoro, uye ergonomics zvakakodzera rumbidzo. Unyanzvi hunhu hunomira zvishoma, kunyanya injini ine simba uye hutachiona hwakanaka. Hunhu uye kuvimbika kwemotokari kuri pamusoro, uye mutengo wakaderera unokwezva vatengi.

Auto kambani Kia Motors yakaburitsa iyo Sportage SUV, iyo yakave isingori chete inozivikanwa pakati pevamwe mamodheru ekambani, asi zvakare yakawana mukurumbira wakakura mumusika wepasi rose. Pakati pezvizvarwa zvina zvakagadzirwa, yekupedzisira inoonekwa seinonyanya kudiwa. Iyo yekunze yekunze inoshamisa uye yemazuva ano, yakasanganiswa neinjini inopupurirwa uye ine simba, yakaita kuti SUV iwedzere kuyevedza uye simba, uye michina ine masisitimu matsva ekunyaradza kukuru uye mutengo wakaderera wemotokari wakagadzira kudiwa kukuru.

Imwe yeSUVs inozivikanwa ndeyeNissan Qashqai. Yakaburitswa muzvizvarwa zviviri, mota yakawana mukurumbira kunyangwe nekuburitswa kwekutanga muna 2006. Chizvarwa chechipiri chakaburitswa chakakunda kukunda kwekutanga. Dhizaini yemazuva ano yemota, zvemukati zvemukati nemidziyo ine injini ine simba zvakawedzera kudiwa mumusika. Huwandu hwekutenga hwakakura kunyangwe paine kuwedzera kwakanyanya mumutengo weiyo modhi.