Chii chinonzi jekiseni pombi uye basa rayo mukushanda kweinjini
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Chii chinonzi jekiseni pombi uye basa rayo mukushanda kweinjini

Iyo yakawanda kwazvo mota dzemazuvano dzakashongedzerwa nehurongwa hwejekiseni remafuta. Pane shanduko umo peturu inosaswa nemuromo mune yakawanda yekudyira. Kune mamwewo mamodheru ayo mafuta anopfapfaidzwa akananga mukati meinjini dzemagetsi.

Injini yedhiziri inoshanda zvakasiyana neinjini peturu. Mavari, dhiziri rinodyiswa mune yakatomanikidzwa svikiro mu humburumbira. Kuti chikamu chemafuta chiitwe atomized pasina chipingaidzo, mashandiro akaita sepombi yekumanikidza-pombi inodiwa.

Funga zvinoitwa michina yakadaro, ayo okunatsiridza uye zviratidzo atadze kushanda zvakanaka.

Chii chinonzi pombi yemafuta yakanyanya uye ndeyei?

Iyo michina, iyo yakapfupikiswa sepombi yemafuta, chikamu chemafuta enjini yedhiziri, asi kunewo mamodheru emagetsi epeturu. Musiyano chete uripo pakati pepombi yemafuta yedhiziri injini ndeyekuti kumanikidza kwainoita kwakakwira zvakanyanya kupfuura shamwari yayo yepeturu. Icho chikonzero cheichi ndicho chakakosha maficha ekushanda kwechikamu. Mumakombi einjini yedhiziri, mweya unotanga kumanikidzwa zvekuti unopisa kusvika pakupisa kwemafuta.

Chii chinonzi jekiseni pombi uye basa rayo mukushanda kweinjini

Kana piston yasvika pamusoro yakafa nzvimbo, kamwene kanofuridzira mafuta uye kanobatidza. Iyo jekiseni inofanirwa kukunda kumanikidza kukuru. Kuti sisitimu inyatsoshanda nemazvo, pombi inofanirwa kugadzira musoro wakawanda kupfuura mumasirinda.

Pamusoro pechakataurwa basa, iyo pombi inofanirwa zvakare kupa mafuta muzvikamu, zvinoenderana nemashandisirwo emagetsi emagetsi. Iyi parameter yakatemwa kufunga nezve kutenderera kwe crankshaft. Mumotokari yemazuva ano, maitiro aya anodzorwa neyemagetsi control unit.

Kubudirira uye kugadzirisa nhoroondo

Ichi chishandiso chakatanga kugadzirwa muma1930 naRobert Bosch. Mumota dzevapfuuri, mapombi ejekiseni akatanga kushandiswa zvine mutsindo muhafu yepiri yegumi rimwechete.

Sezvo injini dzekutanga peturu dzaive dzakagadzirwa necarburetors, zvikamu zvediziri chete zvaida mashandiro akadaro. Mazuva ano, epeturu injini ine yakananga jekiseni system zvakare ine pombi yerudzi urwu (iyo carburetor yatove isingawanzoitika - chete mumazera ekare mota).

Kunyangwe musimboti wekushanda kwepombi wakaramba usingachinje, iyo michina yacho pachezvayo yakagadziridzwa kwakawanda uye kugadzirisa. Icho chikonzero cheichi kuwedzera kweyakaganhurirwa zviyero uye mashandiro eiyo yemukati kupisa injini. Pakutanga, yakashandiswa michini jekiseni pombi, asi yakanga isiri mari, izvo zvakatungamira mukubuda kwevolumetric yezvinhu zvinokuvadza. Mapombi emazuva ano emagetsi anoratidza kugona kwakanakisa, izvo zvinobvumidza kutakura kuti zvikwane muchimiro chemamiriro ezvemamiriro ekunze uye kugutsa vatyairi vane mwero.

Chii chinonzi jekiseni pombi uye basa rayo mukushanda kweinjini

Yakakwira yekumanikidza pombi dhizaini

Kune akasiyana siyana ekugadzirisa epombi yemafuta epeturu, uye dhiziri analogue. Nekudaro, muzviitiko zvakawanda, izvo zvakakosha zvinhu zvemuchina pombi ndeaya:

  • Sefa inoiswa pane inopinda pamberi pepombi;
  • Punger piston iri musilinda - iyo inonzi. plunger peya;
  • Mutumbi unogadzirirwa zororo - kuburikidza nawo mafuta anopihwa kune maviri plunger;
  • Shaft ine cam uye centrifugal batira. Chinhu ichi chakabatana neiyo nguva yekumisikidza uchishandisa bhanhire dhiraivha;
  • Plunger vaviri kutyaira pusher;
  • Zvitubu zvinodzosera plunger piston kumashure;
  • Supercharger mavharuvhu;
  • Regulator yemamodhoni - inosanganisirwa negasi pedal;
  • Pombi yemafuta yekudzosera (kuburikidza nayo, mafuta akawandisa anodyiswa mukudzoka);
  • Pombi yakaderera yekumanikidza (pombi mafuta mukati memupombi).
Chii chinonzi jekiseni pombi uye basa rayo mukushanda kweinjini

Sezvambotaurwa, mepombi dzemuchina dziri kuchinjwa zvishoma nezvishoma nekugadziriswa kwemagetsi nekuda kwehupfumi hwavo uye nekugona. Iyo michina yacho pachayo yakaoma kugadzirisa uye kugadzirisa. Mapombi emagetsi ane yavo yekudzora unit pamwe neanoverengeka emagetsi mavhavha uye maseru.

Mazhinji mapombi emagetsi ejekiseni ane yavo yekuongorora system, nekuda kwekuti mudziyo unogadziridza kune zvisirizvo uye zvikanganiso zvakasangana nazvo. Izvi zvinobvumira kuti mudziyo ushande nemazvo kunyangwe imwe yema sensors ikakundikana. Chaizvoizvo pombi yakadaro inomira kushanda chete muchiitiko chekuparara kwe microprocessor.

Ainoita

Iyo pombi yakakwira yekumanikidza inoshanda pamisimboti yeiri-sitiroko injini. Nekuda kwekutenderera kweiyo cam shaft, iyo plunger piston inotyairwa. Mafuta edhiziri anopinda munzvimbo yepasi-plunger, iyo inoenderera mberi munzira huru.

Mamwe mashoko nezve musimboti wekushanda kweapurunger maviri anotsanangurwa muvhidhiyo:

Plunger vaviri ve UTN

Dzvinyiriro inogadzirwa mudumbu, nekuda kweiyo vharuvhu yekubuditsa inovhura. Mafuta edhiziri anoyerera nepakati petafura kuenda kumuromo uye ane atomized. Iyo pombi inongounza chikamu chemafuta kune iyo injector. Izvo zvakasara zvinodzoserwa kune tangi remafuta kuburikidza neyevharuvhu vharuvhu. Kudzivirira mafuta kubva kudzoka kana iyo supercharger ichivhurwa, cheki vheji inoiswa mukati mayo.

Iyo jekiseni nguva inotsanangurwa neiyo centrifugal batira. Iyo modhaira regiraidhi (kana yese-modhi gadziriro) inosarudza huwandu hweiyo batch inofanira kupihwa. Chinhu ichi chakabatana negasi chitiviri. Kana mutyairi akaimanikidza, mutongi anowedzera huwandu hwechikamu, uye kana chaburitswa, huwandu hwacho hunodzikira.

Chii chinonzi jekiseni pombi uye basa rayo mukushanda kweinjini

Mune emagetsi mamodheru, ese maitikiro anodzorwa neyakadzika unit Zvigadzirwa zvemagetsi zvinogovera iyo nguva yemafuta, huwandu hwayo kubva kuaccount yemasimba emota. Aya masisitimu emafuta ane zvikamu zvishoma, izvo zvinowedzera kudzikama uye kuvimbika kwechimiro.

Elektroniki jekiseni mapampu anokwanisa kukamura chikamu muzvikamu zviviri, zvichidaro zvichipa kushanda kwakaringana kupisa uye kutapira sitiroko yeboka repiston. Nekuda kweizvozvo, kune kushoma kwekuzadza huturu uye kuwedzera kweinjini kuita. Kuchengetedza maviri-chikamu jekiseni, iyo pombi yekudzora yuniti zvinyorwa:

Mhando jekiseni pombi

Mafuta masisitimu ari emhando nhatu:

Pakazara, pane matatu marudzi enzira dzinogona kushandiswa mumhando idzi dzemafuta masisitimu:

In-mutsetse jekiseni pombi

In-mutsetse jekiseni pombi ine akati wandei mapombi akavharirwa mune imwe imba. Mumwe nomumwe wavo anoshumira yoga kamwene. Nadzurudzo iyi yaishandiswa dangwe Diesel injini. Iko kushanda kweiyo rese mashini kunoomarara kunoenderana nenguva yekutyaira.

Iyo in-line modification yakashandiswa kwenguva yakati rebei. Kunyangwe dzimwe mota dzemazuva ano (marori) dzakashongedzerwa nepombi dzakadai. Chikonzero - kwavo kwakanyanya kuvimbika uye kuzvininipisa kune mhando yeinjini yedhiziri.

Chii chinonzi jekiseni pombi uye basa rayo mukushanda kweinjini

Iyo row system inoshanda seinotevera. Iyo plunger peya inotyairwa nekutenderera kweye crankshaft. Imwe shanduko yepombi camshaft inoenderana nemaviri ekuchinja kweinjini crankshaft.

Iyo plunger mashandiro kuburikidza neefeturu cutoff vharafu yeiyo yakanyanya pombi yekumanikidza inoparadzanisa chikamu chemafuta kubva kune yakajairika tambo uye inomanikidza iyo mune yekumanikidza chikamu cheiyo system. Chikamu cheiyo chikamu chinotariswa nemabhawa ane mazino akabatanidzwa kune peturu peturu. Mumota dzine ECU, inodzorwa neservo drive inopindirana nezviratidzo kubva kuchikamu chekutonga.

Iyo jekiseni nguva inotsanangurwa neiyo crankshaft kumhanya. Iyo michina ine maviri hafu-yekubatanidza, ayo akapatsanurwa nezvitubu. Kana injini ichimhanya, zvitubu zvakatsikirirwa, nekuda kwekuti pombi shaft inoshanduka zvishoma, izvo zvinoendesa kuchinjiso pamberi pejekiseni.

Distribution mhando jekiseni pombi

Kusiyana neshanduro yapfuura, iyi modhi idiki. Iyo zvakare inoratidza kugadzikana kuita. Kune akati wandei nadzurudzo yemapombi ekugovera. Iko kune plunger uye rotary mhando. Izvo zvakare zvinosiyana mumhando dzekutyaira - zvemukati, magumo kana nzvimbo yekunze yemakamu.

Yekunze cam drive haina kugadzikana uye yakavimbika. Naizvozvo, kana zvichibvira, zvirinani kugara pane mamwe marudzi maviri.

Chii chinonzi jekiseni pombi uye basa rayo mukushanda kweinjini

Pombi dzakadai dzinokurumidza kupera, sezvo imwechete plunger mashandiro mavari anoshandira meseji yeboka. Panyaya iyi, mu-mutsara vamwe vane zvazvakanakira. Nekuda kwehukuru hwavo hushoma, pombi dzekuparadzira jekiseni dzinoiswa mumasisitimu emota nemarori madiki.

Main jekiseni pombi

Kusiyana neshanduko mbiri dzekare, pombi hombe inogadzira kumanikidza mune imwechete tambo - iyo inonzi peturu peturu. Inoshanda sechiunganidziro umo inogara ichimanikidza mafuta.

Chii chinonzi jekiseni pombi uye basa rayo mukushanda kweinjini

Nekuda kwenhamba diki yenzira dzekuparadzira, shanduko iyi yakazvisimbisa seyakavimbika kwazvo. Kugadziriswa kwepombi-jekiseni pombi haina kunyanya kuoma. Iyo dhivhosi vhoriyamu inodzorwa ne solenoid dosing vharafu. Pombi dzakadai dzakaiswa muCommon Rail peturu masisitimu enzira.

Pane pombi yekupinza mafuta pane injini yemafuta here?

Kunyangwe iko kushandiswa kukuru kwepombi dzekujoinisa mafuta kuri mumainjini edhiziri, injini zhinji dzemazuva ano dzepeturu dzinoshandawo nekupa mafuta pasi pekumanikidza kukuru. Maitiro aya anoshandiswa mukati enjini dzinotsva pamwe nejekiseni yakananga.

Injini dzeGDI peturu dzinoda kuiswa kwepombi dzakadai. Muchokwadi, ino sisitimu yakasanganiswa inosanganisa dhizaini injini yemagetsi pamwe nekushanda kwedhiziri. Musiyano chete ndewekuti kuvesa hakukonzere tembiricha yemhepo yakamanikidzwa, asi nekuda kwemapulagi emoto. Mumota dzakadai, in-line modification inoshandiswa.

Kukanganisa kukuru

Kunyangwe mapombi ejekiseni achisiyana mukugadzirwa kwavo, pane mitemo yakati wandei inokosha inoteerwa nemuridzi wemota kuitira kuti pombi ishandise nguva yayo yakatarwa:

  1. Mapombi mazhinji anoputikira maererano nehunhu hwemafuta, nekudaro, zvinofanirwa kutevedzera zvinodiwa zvakagadzirwa nemugadziri wepombi;
  2. Nekuda kwekunetseka kwekugadzirwa uye nemitoro inoiswa pamatanho, mapombi-ekumanikidza zvakanyanya anoda kugara achigadziriswa;
  3. Zvese zvinotenderera uye zvekukwiza zvikamu zvinofanirwa kuve zvakagadzirwa zvakanaka, saka zvakakosha kutevedzera zvinokurudzirwa nemugadziri pakusarudzwa kwemafuta.

Ukasatevedzera mitemo iyi, mudziyo unobva wakurumidza kushandiswa, izvo zvinoda kutsiva kana kugadzirisa zvinodhura.

Chii chinonzi jekiseni pombi uye basa rayo mukushanda kweinjini

Izvi zvinotevera zvinhu zvinoratidza kusashanda zvakanaka kwejekiseni pombi (ine mamwe masisitimu anoshanda, malfunctions ayo anogona kunge aine kuratidzwa kwakafanana):

Kunyanya kutadza kushanda zvakanaka muzvinhu zvakadai zvemafuta system ndiko kukundikana kweplunger peya. Kakawanda izvi zvinokonzerwa nehurema-huni - chikwangwani chinounganidzwa pameso, chinokanganisa kufamba kwezvikamu. Zvakare, chikonzero chekutadza kweiyo mashandiro imvura, iyo inowanzo nyongana mutangi remafuta. Neichi chikonzero, hazvikurudzirwe kusiya mota iine isina tangi husiku.

Kugadziriswa kwepombi yekumanikidza

Kana zvisina kuoma kugadzirisa pombi yenguva dzose yegasi - zvakakwana kutenga kititi chekugadzirisa uye kutsiva zvikamu zvakasakara, saka kugadzirisa uye kugadzirisa pombi yemafuta inzira yakaoma kwazvo. Zvinototadza kuona kuti chii chinokonzeresa kushomeka kwacho pasina mimwe michina. Kuzviongorora-kwazvino kwazvino masimba ekudzora zvikamu kazhinji hazvibatsire.

Izvo zvinowanzoitika kuti zviratidzo zvekuparara kwepombi yemafuta zvakafanana nekukanganisa mune yekuparadzira gasi mashandiro kana mune yekudzimisa system. Nezvikonzero izvi, kuzvigadzirisa kwepombi yejekiseni hakukurudzirwe. Kuti uite izvi, zviri nani kutsvaga rubatsiro kubva kune yakasarudzika nzvimbo yebasa.

Pamusoro pezvo, tarisa vhidhiyo yekubvisa hurema uye kugadzirisa kwepombi yekumanikidza peturu:

Mibvunzo nemhinduro:

Ndedzipi mhando dzepombi dzejekiseni? Iyo in-line inodyisa mafuta kune masilinda ane akasiyana plungers. Hunde - kune bhatiri kana rampu. Distribution - imwe plunger yemasilinda ese kusvika pamwero wakafanana.

Pombi yejekiseni yedhiziri inoshanda sei? Inobva pamusimboti we plunger. Pombi ine reservoir pamusoro peiyi plunger, umo mafuta anopombwa uye anobatwa pasi pekumanikidzwa.

Pombi yemajekiseni edhiziri ndeyei? Diesel mafuta anofanirwa kupinda mumacylinders pakumanikidza kwakapetwa kanoverengeka kupfuura reshiyo yekumanikidza. Chete plunger pair inokwanisa kugadzira iyi pressure.

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