Chii chinonzi mafuta firita uye iripi?

Basa rakakura remafuta efaera kubvisa zvakasvibisa zviripo munharaunda, zviite chinhu chakakosha chehurongwa hwemafuta. Inopa yakanyanya kudzivirirwa yeiyo jekiseni system uye injini kubva kune zvidiki zvidiki zviripo mupeturu kana dhiziri mafuta.

Icho chokwadi ndechekuti kune akawanda asingaverengeke zvidimbu zvidiki mumhepo izvo vavengi veinjini, uye mafuta firita inoshanda sechipingamupinyi kwavari. Kana vakapinda muinjini, vanogona kukanganisa mashandiro akanaka uye vanokonzeresa matambudziko akakura senge rakaputswa humburumbira, mabhagi akavharika kana majekiseni, nezvimwe. Ndicho chikonzero nei zvichikosha kuti ugare uchitarisa mamiriro efirita yemafuta uye uchichinje nenguva. Hunhu hwesefa inoenderana nerudzii rwemafuta isu rwatinoshandisa uye chii dhizaini yeinjini yedu.

Sefa yemafuta inoteya matinji akaita sejecha, ngura, tsvina inopinda mumatangi esimbi ekuchengetedza kana kutakura mafuta. Kune mhando mbiri dzemafuta emafuta: dzakakora uye dzakanaka.

Mafuta mafirita ekuchenesa kwakashata

Rudzi urwu rwesefa runobvisa zvimedu zvakanaka kubva mumafuta ane zviyero zvakakura kupfuura 0,05 - 0,07 mm. Vane sefa zvinhu, zvinogona kuva tepi, mesh, ndiro kana imwe mhando.

Kune mafirita ane sump yekuchenesa kwakashata. Ivo vanopihwa nemafuta kuburikidza nemhango inlet bhaudhi, inonziwo injector, inozungunuswa mukati megomba. Fuel inoyerera nemumaburi pamusoro peiyo strainer.

Izvo zvinobva zvaenda kune anogovera uye kubva ipapo inoyerera kuburikidza neyekuratidzira kusvika pasi peiyo firita dzimba. Tsvina inotonhorera uye mvura inoungana pazasi memudziyo.

Mafuta anoyerera nemumuromo uye pachiteshi kune pombi yemafuta. Iyo firita inokwanisa ine precipitator yakasungirirwa pairi. Basa rayo nderekuderedza kufamba kunonetsa kwemafuta mumukombe (zvekuti marara anounganidzwa musump). Munguva yekuchengetedza mota, sediment inodururwa kuburikidza nepaki.

Mafuta mafirita ekuchenesa zvakanaka

Mumhando iyi yefuta peturu, peturu kana dhiziri mafuta anodarika nepakati usati wajova pombi yemafuta. Sefa inobvisa kusachena kwese kwakakura kudarika 3-5 microns. Izvo zvinhu zveiyi firita zvinowanzo gadzirwa neakasarudzika mapepa mazhinji, asi inogona zvakare kugadzirwa neinocherwa mvere yakaiswa mubhainda, yakanzwa kana chimwewo chinhu.

Iyo firita ine imba imwe chete uye maviri mafirita ezvinhu anogona kutsiviwa, pamwe nemidziyo miviri, kune maviri mabhaudhi akasungirirwa. Basa ravo nderekuchengetedza muviri nenzungu. Dhonza mapurgi akasungirirwa pazasi pemabhaudhi aya.

Iyo firita yakanaka yefuta mafuta firita ine mapepa firita zvinhu. Dura ravo rekunze rakagadzirwa nemakadhibhokisi akapetwa uye ine zvisimbiso kumberi kwenzvimbo. Ivo vakamanikidzwa zvakasimba kurwisa firita dzimba kuburikidza nezvitubu.

Uye zvakare, iyo firita firita inoteya zvidimbu zvakaita se organic zvinhu, sludge nemvura, izvo zvinoumba sekuumbiridzwa pamadziro ematangi emafuta, pamwe neparafini, iyo inoitwa nekristallisation maitiro mumafuta.

Zvinhu izvi zvinopinda mumafuta mushure mekuwedzera peturu kana zvinoumbwa nekuchinja kwemakemikari mumafuta. Diesel mota ine yakajeka mafuta mafirita. Nekudaro, ichi hachisi chikonzero chekufunga kuti injini yedhiziri haidi kutsiviwa kwakakodzera kwechinhu chemufaira.

Iko firita yemafuta iripi uye inoshanda sei?

Sefa yemafuta pamhando zhinji dzemotokari iri pamitsetse yemafuta pakati pemajekiseni nepombi yemafuta. Mune mamwe masisitimu, mafirita maviri akaiswa: ekuchenesa kwakashata pamberi pepombi (kana isiri mutangi yemafuta), uye yekuchenesa - mushure mayo.

Inowanzo kuve iri pakakwirira kwazvo mumafuta emota. Nekudaro, mweya unouya uchibva kunze unounganidzwa uye unodzoserwa pamwechete nechikamu chemafuta kuburikidza neyejekiseni vharuvhu.

Yakagadzirwa yakakosha bepa mumudziyo wesimbi uri mune yemotokari chikamu. Kuti uzive kuti mafuta efirita aripi, tarisa kunongedzo yemota yako.

Kuonekwa kweye mafuta firita nenzvimbo yayo zvinoenderana neyako mota modhi. Kazhinji mafirita emota yedhiziri anotaridzika kunge simbi gobvu inogona.

Chitubu chakatakurwa vharuvhu inovhura zvinoenderana nekudzvinyirira kwakatemwa nemugadziri. Iyi vharuvhu inodzorwa nekugadzirisa ukobvu hwemashimimi ari mune chiteshi chakabereka. Basa repulagi kubvisa mweya kubva muchirongwa.

Zvinowanzoita mafuta mafirita matambudziko

Kukundikana kutsiva firita yemafuta munguva kuchanetsa kushanda kweinjini. Kana separadzano yapera nguva, mafuta akasvibira anopinda muinjini, izvo zvinodzikisira kushanda zvakanaka kwemoto uye nekudaro kushanda kwese kweinjini. Izvi zvinowedzera kushandiswa kwedhiziri, peturu, methane, propane-butane. Naizvozvo, kana uchichinja mafuta, zvinokurudzirwa kushandura firita yemota.

Maitiro einjini akananga zvinoenderana nekuti yakachena sei firita uye kuti tinoichinja kangani. Kana firita yemafuta ikavharwa nemarara, inoderedza kushanda kweinjini. Iyo haigamuchire huwandu hwemafuta uko iyo jekiseni sisitimu yakagadzirirwa, izvo zvinowanzo kutungamira kumatambudziko nekutanga. Kutsiva zvisina kujairika kwefirita yemafuta kunowedzerawo mafuta.

Rimwe remabasa akakosha kwazvo efaira remafuta kupatsanura mvura. Izvi zvinodaro nekuti kana paine mvura mumafuta, izvi zvinowedzera injini uye kupfupisa hupenyu hwayo. Mvura inokanganisa mumakomba esimbi, inonyima mafuta ayo, inokanganisa majekiseni emagetsi uye inoguma nemoto usingakwani.

Uye zvakare, mvura inogadzira izvo zvinotarisirwa zvekuwedzera kwekuumbwa kwebhakitiriya. Kupatsanurwa kwemvura kunowanikwa neakasanganiswa mafirita ekuparadzanisa mafirita. Seizvo zita ravo rinoratidzira, ivo vanoparadzanisa mvura nemafuta.

Sefa yerudzi urwu ine imba, inonziwo dhamu, umo mvura inopatsanurwa nemafuta inounganidzwa pasi. Unogona kuzvibvisa pachako. Mvura iri mune mafirita ekuparadzanisa mafirita akapatsanurwa nenzira mbiri.

Kuchenesa kwemhepo

Mariri, yakawanda yemvura inobviswa kubva mumafuta pasi pesimba remasimba e centrifugal.

Kuchenesa pamwe firita zvinhu

Nekuda kweizvi, mvura yakasanganiswa nemafuta inochengetwa neakasarudzika firita zvinhu. Mvura yakasvinwa inounganidzwa pamusoro pechinhu chesefa uye ichiyerera ichipinda mudziva. Kana dura iri razara, pamusoro pemvura, mafuta anomanikidzwa anotanga kuyerera mukati maro.

Kana mafuta aya atanga kupfuura nepasefa yezvinhu uye achipinda muinjini, kumanikidzwa kwakagadzirwa. Izvi zvinoitika zvisinei nekuti firita yekuparadzanisa yakagadzirirwa sei.

Izvo zvakakosha kuti uzive kuti mune mafirita edhiziri, mvura inoungana pasi. Paunenge uchitsiva firita yemafuta, zvakakosha kutarisa kuvapo kwevharuvhu yekudonha. Izvi zvichatibatsira kubvisa mvura yakaunganidzwa. Nekudaro, kana paine shoma mvura pazasi, ichi hachisi chikonzero chekunetseka.

Munguva yechando

Izvo zvinobatsira kuve neheater yeiyo mafuta firita mukati memwedzi yechando nekuti echando kana eparafini makristasi anogona kupinda mairi panguva inotonhora kutanga. Iyo parafini wakisi, zvakare, inogona kuvhara iyo firita zvinhu, ichiita kuti isashande. Iyo firita firita inogona kupisa nenzira dzinoverengeka.

Magetsi kudziyisa

Heater inoshanda mune chaiyo tembiricha renji yakaiswa pane iyo firita dzimba. Inotendeuka uye kudzima otomatiki sezvo iine thermostat.

Dzorera kudziyisa masisitimu

Rudzi urwu rwekupisa rwakagadzirirwa kushandiswa mumamiriro ekunze akaomarara. Mune mamwe masisitimu emafuta emota, mafuta asina kushandiswa anodzoserwa mutangi. Mutsetse uyu unonzi "kudzoka".

Saka, iyo firita firita inopa yepamusoro-soro kuchenesa peturu kana dhiziri mafuta. Izvi zvinopa kushanda kwakatsiga kwemota, nekudaro kutsiviwa kwakakodzera kwechinhu ichi kunokurudzirwa.

Mibvunzo nemhinduro:

Sefa yemafuta inofanirwa kukwana sei? Mazhinji mafirita modhi anoratidza kuti mafuta anofanirwa kufamba nenzira ipi. Kana iyo sefa yakaiswa zvisizvo, mafuta haafambe.

Sefa yemafuta iri kupi? Sefa yemafuta yakakora inogara yakaiswa mutangi remafuta pamberi pepombi inonyudza. Mumugwagwa mukuru, iri mukamuri reinjini.

Sefa yemafuta inotaridzika sei? Zvichienderana nerudzi rwehuni (peturu kana dhiziri), sefa inogona kunge ine kana isina separator (sump yemvura). Iyo sefa inowanzo cylindrical uye inogona kujeka.