Chii chinonzi chidimbu?
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Chii chinonzi chidimbu?

Chii chinonzi chidimbu?Mumakore achangopfuura, European Basin yakave yakaderera pane zvese izvo munhu wepakati anosangana nazvo. Izvi zvinoshanda kunyanya kune chaicho mibairo, nharembozha, malaptop, kambani mutengo kana injini saizi uye chisi. Zvinosuruvarisa, kucheka kwevashandi hakusati kwavhiringidza yakasarudzika yeruzhinji kana yehurumende manejimendi. Zvisinei, zvinorehwa neshoko rekuti "kudzikisira" muindasitiri yemotokari hachisi chitsva sezvachingaite sekutanga kuona. Pakupera kwezana ramakore rapfuura, injini dzedhiziri dzakakwidzawo kuderera kwadzo padanho rekutanga, iro, nekuda kwekuwedzeredza uye yazvino jekiseni yakanangana, yakachengeta kana kudzikisa vhoriyamu yavo, asi iine kuwanda kwakakura kwemasimba einjini.

Nguva yemazuva ano ye "mambakwedza" injini dzepeturu yakatanga nekuuya kwe1,4 TSi unit. Pakutanga kuona, izvi pachazvo hazvitaridzike sekudzikisira, izvo zvakare zvakasimbiswa nekubatanidzwa kwayo muGorofu, Leon kana Octavia kupa. Kuchinja kwemaonero hakuna kuitika kusvikira Škoda yatanga kuunganidza injini ye1,4kW 90 TSi mumhando yayo huru yeSuperb. Zvisinei, kubudirira kwechokwadi kwaiva kuiswa kweinjini ye1,2 kW 77 TSi mumotokari dzakakura seOctavia, Leon uye kunyange VW Caddy. Ipapo ndipo pakaita chaiwo uye, senguva dzose, mitambo yehungwaru yehungwaru yakatanga. Matauriro akadai sekuti: “haakukweva, haatore nguva refu, hapana chinotsiva vhoriyamu, octagon ine injini yejira, wazvinzwa here?” Zvaive zvakanyanya kupfuura zvakajairika kwete chete mumutengo wechina wemidziyo, asiwo mukukurukurirana kwepamhepo. Kudzikisira kunoda nhamburiko ine mufungo kubva kuvagadziri vemotokari kuti vatsungirire dzvinyiriro yenguva dzose yokuderedza kushandiswa uye kubudiswa kunovengwa zvikuru. Chokwadika, hapana chemahara, uye kunyange kudzikisira hakungounzi zvikomborero. Nokudaro, mumitsetse inotevera, tichakurukura zvakadzama zvinonzi kuderedza, kuti inoshanda sei uye ndezvipi zvakanakira kana kuipa.

Chii chinonzi chidimbu uye zvikonzero

Kudzikisira kunoreva kudzikisira kutamiswa kweinjini yekupisa kwemukati uchichengetedza zvakafanana kana kutowedzera simba rekubuda. Mukuwirirana nekuderedzwa kwevhoriyamu, supercharging inoitwa uchishandisa turbocharger kana mechanical compressor, kana musanganiswa wenzira mbiri (VW 1,4 TSi - 125 kW). Pamwe chete nejekiseni yakananga yemafuta, kushanduka kwevhavha nguva, kukwidziridzwa kwevhavha, etc. Nezvezve teknolojia iyi, mhepo yakawanda (oxygen) yekupisa inopinda mumasilinda, uye huwandu hwemafuta hunopiwa hunogona kuwedzera zvakaenzana. Zvechokwadi, musanganiswa wakadaro wakamanikidzwa wemhepo nemafuta une simba rakawanda. Jekiseni rakananga, rakasanganiswa nekusiyana-siyana nguva uye kusimudzwa kwevharuvhu, zvakare inokwenenzvera jekiseni remafuta uye swirl, izvo zvinowedzera kuwedzera kushanda kweiyo kupisa maitiro. Kazhinji, vhoriyamu diki humburumbira inokwana kuburitsa simba rakafanana semainjini makuru uye anofananidzwa pasina kudzikisira.

Sezvatakaratidzwa pakutanga kwechinyorwa, kubuda kwekudzikiswa kunonyanya kukonzerwa nekusimbiswa kwemutemo weEuropean. Kunyanya izvi ndezvekuderedza kusvibiswa, nepo chinonyanya kuoneka idhiraivho yekudzikisa mweya weCO mubhodhi.2... Nekudaro, kutenderera pasirese, miganho yekubuda iri kusimbiswa zvishoma nezvishoma. Zvinoenderana nemutemo neEuropean Commission, maEuropean automaker vakazvipira kuwana 2015 g CO yekumisikidza muganho na130.2 paKiromita, kukosha uku kunoverengwa sevhareji kukosha kwezvikwata zvemotokari zvakaiswa pamusika kwegore rimwe chete. Injini dze peturu dzinotora chinhanho chakananga mukudzikisa basa kunyangwe, maererano nekugona, ivo vanokwanisa kudzikisa kushandiswa (kureva zvakare CO2) kupfuura dhiziri. Nekudaro, izvi zvinoita kuti zviome kwete chete pamutengo wepamusoro, asiwo kune kunetsa uye kunodhura kubviswa kwezvinokuvadza zvinobuda mumagasi emhepo, senge nitrogen oxides - NO.x, carbon monoxide - CO, hydrocarbons - HC kana carbon black, kuitira kubvisa iyo inodhura uye ichiri kunetsa DPF sefa (FAP) inoshandiswa. Nokudaro, madhiziri maduku ari kuwedzera zvishoma nezvishoma, uye motokari duku dzinoridzwa nemaviolin maduku. Mota dzeHybrid nedzemagetsi dziri kukwikwidzawo nekudzikisira. Kunyangwe tekinoroji iyi ichivimbisa, yakanyanya kuoma pane kudzikisa zvishoma, uye zvakadaro inodhura zvakanyanya kumugari wepakati.

Chimwe chezvinyorwa

Kubudirira kwekudzikisa kunoenderana nekuchinja kweinjini, kushandiswa kwemafuta uye kunyaradza kwekutyaira kwese. Simba uye torque zvinouya pekutanga. Kubudirira ibasa rinoitwa nekufamba kwenguva. Basa rinounzwa panguva imwe chete yekutenderera kwe spark ignition mukati memoto injini inotemerwa neinonzi Otto Cycle.

Chii chinonzi chidimbu?

The vertical axis ndiko kudzvanywa pamusoro pepiston, uye horizontal axis ndiyo vhoriyamu yecylinder. Basa rinopiwa nenzvimbo yakasungwa nemakumbo. Iyi dhairekitori inotariswa nekuti isu hatifungi nezvekuchinjana kwekupisa nemhoteredzo, inertia yemhepo inopinda muhumburumbira, uye kurasikirwa kunokonzerwa nekutora (kuderera kushoma kwakashata kuchienzaniswa nemhepo yemhepo) kana kupera (kunyanya kudzvinyirira). Uye zvino tsananguro yenyaya yacho pachayo, inoratidzwa mu (V) diagram. Pakati pemapeji 1-2, bhoti yakazadzwa nemusanganiswa - huwandu hunowedzera. Pakati pemapoinzi 2-3, kudzvanywa kunoitika, piston inoshanda uye inomanikidza mafuta-mweya musanganiswa. Pakati pemapoinzi 3-4, kupisa kunoitika, vhoriyamu inoramba iripo (piston iri pamusoro penzvimbo yakafa), uye musanganiswa wemafuta unopisa. Iyo kemikari simba remafuta inoshandurwa kuita kupisa. Pakati pemapoinzi 4-5, musanganiswa wakapiswa wemafuta nemhepo unoshanda - kuwedzera uye kuita kumanikidza piston. Mundima 5-6-1, kuyerera kunodzokera kumashure kunoitika, ndiko kuti, kupera.

Kunyanya isu tinoyamwa mumafuta-mhepo musanganiswa, iyo yakawanda yemakemikari simba inosunungurwa, uye nzvimbo iri pasi pevhavha inowedzera. Izvi zvinogona kuwanikwa nenzira dzakawanda. Sarudzo yekutanga ndeyekuwedzera zvakakwana huwandu hwehumburumbira, zvichiteerana. iyo injini yese, iyo pasi pemamiriro akafanana isu tinowedzera simba - iyo curve ichawedzera kurudyi. Dzimwe nzira dzekuchinja kusimuka kwe curve kumusoro, semuenzaniso, kuwedzera chiyero chekumanikidza kana kuwedzera simba rekushanda nekufamba kwenguva uye kuita madiki akati wandei panguva imwe chete, ndiko kuti, kuwedzera injini kumhanya. Nzira dzose dziri mbiri dzakatsanangurwa dzine zvakawanda zvisingabatsiri (kuzvipisa, simba repamusoro resilinda musoro uye zvisimbiso zvaro, kuwedzera kukwesha nekumhanya kwakanyanya - tichazotsanangura gare gare, kubuda kwepamusoro, simba papiston richiri rakafanana), nepo motokari iine. simba rakati kurei pabepa, asi torque haichinji zvakanyanya. Munguva ichangopfuura, kunyange zvazvo Mazda yeJapan yakakwanisa kubudisa injini yepetroli ine huwandu husingaenzaniswi hwekumanikidzika (14,0: 1) inonzi Skyactive-G, iyo inozvirumbidza yakanaka kwazvo ine simba rinoshandiswa nemafuta akanaka, zvisinei, vagadziri vakawanda vachiri kushandisa mukana mumwe chete. kuwedzera huwandu hwenzvimbo iri pasi pe curve. Uye izvi ndezvekumanikidza mweya usati wapinda muhumburumbira uchichengetedza vhoriyamu - kufashukira.

Ipapo iyo p (V) dhizaini yeiyo Otto kutenderera inoita seiyi:

Chii chinonzi chidimbu?

Sezvo iyo 7-1 yekuchaja ichiitika pane imwe (yakakwira) kumanikidza pane iyo 5-6 nzira, imwe yakavharwa curve inogadzirwa, zvinoreva kuti rimwe basa rinoitwa mune isingashande pisitoni sitiroko. Izvi zvinogona kushandiswa kana chishandiso chinomanikidza mweya ichigoneswa neimwe simba rakawandisa, iro kwatiri isimba rekinetiki yemagasi ekudzimisa. Chigadzirwa chakadai turbocharger. Meyor compressor inoshandiswa zvakare, asi zvinodikanwa kuti utarise imwe muzana (15-20%) inoshandiswa mukushanda kwayo (kazhinji inotungamirwa necrankshaft), saka, chikamu cheiyo yepamusoro curve inoenda kune yakaderera imwe isina zvainoita.

Tichauya kwechinguva, apo isu takaremerwa. Kufuridzira injini yepeturu yanga iriko kwenguva yakareba, asi chinangwa chikuru chaive chekuwedzera mashandiro, nepo iko kudyiwa kwanga kusiri kunyanya kusarudzwa. Saka magasi emagetsi akavadhonza pamwe chete kwehupenyu hwavo, asi ivo vaidyawo uswa munzira, vachitsimbirira gasi. Paive nezvikonzero zvinoverengeka zveizvi. Kutanga, deredza kuomesa chiyero cheaya mainjini kuitira kuti ubvise kugogodza-kugogodza kupisa. Paive zvakare neiyo turbo inotonhora nyaya. Pamitoro mizhinji, musanganiswa waifanirwa kukwidziridzwa nemafuta kutonhodza magasi ekudzimisa uye nekudaro inodzivirira iyo turbocharger kubva kune yakanyanya flue gasi tembiricha. Kuita kuti zvinhu zviwedzere kuoma, simba rinopihwa neiyo turbocharger kune iyo yekuchaja mweya yakadzikira zvishoma pasite mutoro nekuda kwekubhuroka kwemhepo kuyerera pavharopu yevhiringi. Neraki, tekinoroji yazvino iri kutobatsira kudzikisa kushandiswa kwemafuta kunyangwe kana injini ikaiswa turbocharged, chinova chimwe chezvikonzero zvikuru zvekudzikisa basa.

Vagadziri veinjini dzepeturu dzemazuva ano vari kuyedza kukurudzira idzo injini dzedhiziri dzinoshanda pamwero wepamusoro wekumanikidza uye pachikamu chemutoro, kuyerera kwemhepo kuburikidza nekuwanda kwekudyara hakuganhurwe neiyo throttle. Ngozi yekugogodza-kugogodza kunokonzerwa nehupamhi hwekumanikidza, iyo inogona kuparadza injini nekukurumidza, inobviswa nemagetsi emazuva ano, ayo anodzora nguva yekubatidza zvakanyanya zvakanyanya kupfuura zvazvaive zvakadaro kusvika nguva pfupi yadarika. Mukana wakakura zvakare kushandiswa kwejekiseni remafuta akananga, umo peturu inoputika yakananga muhumburumbira. Nokudaro, musanganiswa wemafuta unonyatsotonhorera, uye muganhu wekuzvipisa unowedzerawo. Kutaurwa kunofanirawo kuitwa kweiyo ikozvino yakapararira sisitimu yekusiyana kwevhavha nguva, iyo inokutendera iwe kuti ufukidze iyo chaiyo yekumanikidza reshiyo kune imwe nhanho. Iyo inonzi Miller cycle (zvisina kuenzana kureba chibvumirano uye kuwedzera sitiroko). Pamusoro pekuchinja-chinja nguva yevharuvhu, kukwidziridzwa kwevharuvhu kunobatsirawo kuderedza kushandiswa, izvo zvinogona kutsiva throttle control uye nokudaro kuderedza kurasikirwa kwekuyamwisa - nekunonoka kuyerera kwemhepo kuburikidza ne throttle (semuenzaniso Valvetronic kubva kuBMW).

Kuwedzeredza, kuchinja nguva yevhavhavha, kusimudza kwevhavha kana compression ratio haisi panacea, saka vagadziri vanofanirwa kufunga zvimwe zvinhu izvo, kunyanya, zvinokanganisa kuyerera kwekupedzisira. Izvi zvinosanganisira, kunyanya, kuderedzwa kwekukwesana, pamwe nekugadzirira uye kupisa kwemusanganiswa unopisa pachawo.

Vagadziri vanga vachishanda kwemakumi emakore kuti vaderedze kukwesha kwezvikamu zveinjini zvinofamba. Izvo zvinofanirwa kubvumwa kuti vakaita nhanho huru mumunda wezvishandiso uye machira, ayo parizvino ane yakanakisa friction properties. Zvimwe chetezvo zvinogona kutaurwa pamusoro pemafuta nemafuta. Injini yekugadzira pachayo haina kusiiwa isina kutariswa, uko zviyero zvezvikamu zvinofamba, mabhengi akagadziridzwa, chimiro chepiston mhete uye, hongu, nhamba yemasilinda haina kuchinja. Pamwe injini dzinozivikanwa zvikuru dzine nhamba "yepasi" yemasilinda pari zvino iFord's three-cylinder EcoBoost engines kubva kuFord kana TwinAir two-cylinders kubva kuFiat. Masilinda mashoma anoreva mapistoni mashoma, matanda ekubatanidza, mabhengi, kana mavharuvhu, uye saka zvine musoro kukweshana. Pane zvamazvirokwazvo zvimwe zvinoganhurirwa munzvimbo iyi. Chekutanga ndiko kukwesha kunochengetwa pahumburumbira isipo, asi inogadziriswa kusvika pamwero wakati nekuwedzera kukweshera mumabhengi eshaft. Chimwe chinodzivirirwa chine chekuita nehuwandu hwemasilinda kana tsika yekushanda, iyo inonyanya kukanganisa kusarudzwa kwechikamu chemotokari iyo injini ichatyaira. Parizvino hazvifungidzike, semuenzaniso, BMW, inozivikanwa neayo enjini dzemazuva ano, yaive yakashongedzerwa neinjini yehumming twin-cylinder. Asi ndiani anoziva zvichaitika mumakore mashoma. Sezvo kukwesha kunowedzera neskweya yekumhanyisa, vagadziri havangodzikisi kukwesha pachayo, asi vanoedzawo kugadzira injini kuti ipe simba rakakwana pakumhanya kwakaderera. Sezvo kuwedzera kwemuchadenga kweinjini diki kusingakwanise kuita basa iri, turbocharger kana turbocharger yakasanganiswa ne mechanical compressor zvakare inouya kuzonunura. Nekudaro, mune iyo supercharging chete ne turbocharger, iri harisi basa riri nyore. Izvo zvinofanirwa kucherechedzwa kuti turbocharger ine yakakosha turbine inotenderera inertia, iyo inogadzira iyo inonzi turbodiera. Iyo turbocharger turbine inofambiswa nemagasi emhepo, iyo inofanira kutanga yagadzirwa neinjini, kuitira kuti pave nekumwe kunonoka kubva panguva iyo accelerator pedal yakaora mwoyo kusvika kunotarisirwa kutanga kweinjini. Ehe, akasiyana emazuva ano turbocharging masisitimu anoedza kuwedzera kana zvishoma zvakabudirira kutsiva chirwere ichi, uye nyowani dhizaini yekuvandudza mumaturbocharger inouya kuzonunura. Saka maturbocharger madiki uye akareruka, anopindura nekukurumidza uye nekukurumidza nekumhanya kwepamusoro. Vatyairi vemitambo, vakarererwa painjini dzinomhanya-mhanya, vanopomera injini ye "slow-speed" turbocharged yakadaro nokuda kwekutadza kupindura. hapana simba gradation sezvo kumhanya kunowedzera. Saka injini inodhonza manzwiro pakadzika, pakati nepamusoro revs, zvinosuruvarisa pasina peak simba.

Kuumbwa kwemusanganiswa unopisa pachako hauna kumira parutivi. Sezvaunoziva, injini yepeturu inopisa iyo inonzi homogeneous stoichiometric musanganiswa wemhepo nemafuta. Izvi zvinoreva kuti 14,7 makirogiramu emafuta - peturu pane 1 kg yemhepo. Reshiyo iyi inodaidzwa zvakare kuti lambda = 1. Yakati musanganiswa wepeturu nemhepo unogona zvakare kupiswa mune dzimwe reshiyo. Kana iwe ukashandisa huwandu hwemhepo kubva ku14,5 kusvika ku22: 1, ipapo kune yakakura yakawandisa yemhepo - isu tiri kutaura nezve iyo inonzi yakaonda musanganiswa. Kana iyo chiyero ichidzoserwa, huwandu hwemhepo hushoma pane stoichiometric uye huwandu hwepeturu hwakakura (chiyero chemhepo kune peturu chiri pakati pe14 kusvika 7: 1), musanganiswa uyu unonzi. musanganiswa wakapfuma. Mamwe mareshiyo ari kunze kwerudzi urwu anonetsa kubatidza nekuti akanyanya kunyorova kana kuti ane mweya mushoma. Chero zvazvingaitika, zvese zvinogumira zvine mhedzisiro inopesana pakuita, kushandisa uye kuburitsa. Panyaya yekubuda, kana iri musanganiswa wakapfuma, kuumbwa kwakakosha kweCO neHC kunoitika.x, kugadzirwa NOx yakaderera zvishoma nekuda kwetembiricha yakaderera kana uchipisa musanganiswa wakapfuma. Kune rimwe divi, HAPANA kugadzirwa kwakanyanya kukwirira nemafuta anopisa anopisa.xnekuda kwekupisa kwakanyanya kwekupisa. Hatifaniri kukanganwa pamusoro pekupisa kwehuwandu, iyo yakasiyana kune imwe neimwe yakagadzirwa nemusanganiswa. Mwero wekupisa chinhu chakakosha zvikuru, asi zvakaoma kuzvidzora. Mwero wekupisa wemusanganiswa unokanganisawo tembiricha, dhigirii ye swirl (inochengetwa neinjini kumhanya), humidity uye kuumbwa kwemafuta. Chimwe nechimwe chezvinhu izvi chinobatanidzwa nenzira dzakasiyana, ne swirl uye saturation yemusanganiswa ine simba guru. Musanganiswa wakapfuma unopisa nekukurumidza kupfuura kuonda, asi kana musanganiswa wakapfuma zvakanyanya, chiyero chekupisa chinoderera zvakanyanya. Apo musanganiswa wacho unopisa, kupisa kunononoka pakutanga, nekuwedzera kudzvinyirira uye kutonhora, chiyero chinopisa chinowedzera, icho chinofambiswawo nekuwedzera kutenderera kwemusanganiswa. Kupisa kupisa kwakaonda kunobatsira kuwedzera kwekupisa kwemoto kusvika ku20%, nepo, maererano nehunyanzvi hwazvino, inokwana pachiyero che16,7 kusvika 17,3: 1. Sezvo musanganiswa wehomogenization uchiderera panguva yekuenderera kuonda, zvichikonzera kuderera kukuru. mwero wekupisa, kuderedza kushanda zvakanaka, uye kubereka, vagadziri vauya neinonzi layering musanganiswa. Mune mamwe mazwi, musanganiswa unopisa unogadziriswa munzvimbo inopisa, kuitira kuti chiyero chakakomberedza kenduru ive stoichiometric, ndiko kuti, inoputika nyore nyore, uye mune imwe nzvimbo yezvakatipoteredza, pane zvinopesana, kuumbwa kwemusanganiswa ndiko. zvakakwirira zvikuru. Iyi tekinoroji iri kutoshandiswa mukuita (TSi, JTS, BMW), zvinosuruvarisa, kusvika pari zvino chete kusvika kumwe kumhanya kana. mune light load mode. Zvisinei, budiriro idanho rinokurumidza kuenda mberi.

Zvakanakira kudzikisira

  • Injini yakadai haisi diki chete muhukuru asi zvakare muhukuru, saka inogona kugadzirwa nemidziyo mishoma uye simba shoma rekushandisa.
  • Sezvo injini dzichishandisa zvakafanana, kana zvisiri zvakafanana zvigadzirwa, injini ichareruka nekuda kwehukuru hwayo hudiki. Chimiro chese chemotokari chinogona kunge chisina kusimba uye nekudaro chakareruka uye chakachipa. neinjini inoreruka zviripo, shoma axle mutoro. Muchiitiko ichi, kutyaira mashandiro akagadziridzwawo, nekuti iwo haanyanyo kukanganiswa neinjini inorema.
  • Injini yakadaro idiki uye ine simba, uye saka hazvizonetse kuvaka diki uye ine simba mota, iyo dzimwe nguva yaisashanda nekuda kweiyo shoma injini saizi.
  • Iyo mota diki zvakare ine mashoma inertial mashoma, saka haidye simba rakawandisa kufamba panguva yesimba shanduko senge hombe mota.

Zvakaipira kudzikisira

  • Motokari yakadaro inoiswa kune yakanyanya kukwirira kupisa uye kwekumanikidza kushushikana.
  • Kunyangwe iyo injini iri kureruka muhuwandu uye huremu, nekuda kwekuvapo kwezvikamu zvakasiyana zvekuwedzera senge turbocharger, intercooler kana yakakwira yekumanikidza peturu jekiseni, huremu hwese hweinjini hunowedzera, mutengo weinjini unowedzera, uye kititi chese chinoda yakawedzera kuchengetedza. uye njodzi yekukundikana yakakwira, kunyanya kune iyo turbocharger iyo inoenderana neakanyanya kupisa uye echisimba kusagadzikana.
  • Mamwe masystem anobatsira anoshandisa simba muinjini (semuenzaniso yakananga jekiseni pisitoni pombi yeTSI injini).
  • Dhizaini uye kugadzirwa kweinjini yakanyanya kuomarara uye kuomarara kupfuura inyaya yemuchadenga izere injini.
  • Iko kunwa kwekupedzisira kuchiri kungoenderana zvakanyanya nemhando yekutyaira.
  • Kukakavadzana kwemukati. Ramba uchifunga kuti injini kukwesana ndiko kumhanya kunoenderana. Izvi hazvina basa nepombi yemvura kana imwe alternator uko kupesana kunowedzera zvine mutsetse nekumhanyisa. Nekudaro, iko kukweshesana kwemakamu kana mhete dzepiston dzinowedzera zvakaenzana nerevane midzi, izvo zvinogona kukonzera mota inomhanya-mhanyisa kuratidza kukwirisa kwemukati kwepamusoro kupfuura vhoriyamu hombe inomhanya pazasi kumhanya. Nekudaro, sezvatotaurwa, zvakawanda zvinoenderana nekugadzirwa uye kuita kweinjini.

Saka pane ramangwana rekutemwa kwevashandi here? Kunyangwe paine zvikanganiso, ndinofunga kudaro. Majini echisikigo haatsakatike ipapo ipapo, zvakadaro, nekuda kwekuchengetedza zvigadzirwa, kufambira mberi muhunyanzvi (Mazda Skyactive-G), kufungidzira, kana tsika. Kune vasiri-partisans vasingavimbe nesimba reinjini diki, ini ndinokurudzira kurodha mota yakadaro nevanhu vana vakaguta, vozotarisa kumusoro kwechikomo, vachipfuura uye kuyedza. Kuvimbika kunoramba kuri nyaya yakaoma kunzwisisa. Iko kune mhinduro yevatengi vematikiti, kunyangwe zvikatora nguva yakareba kupfuura bvunzo yekutyaira. Mirira makore mashoma kuti injini iwoneke uye wozofunga. Pakazara, zvisinei, njodzi dzinogona kupfupikiswa seinotevera. Inofananidzwa neinjini ine simba kwazvo yakasikwa ine simba rakafanana, iyo diki turbocharged injini inoremerwa zvakanyanya nesilinda kumanikidza pamwe netembiricha. Naizvozvo, injini dzakadaro dzine zvakanyanya kutakura mabheyaringi, crankshaft, humburumbira musoro, switchgear, nezvimwe. Nekudaro, iyo njodzi yekundikana hupenyu hwakarongwa hwebasa husati hwapera hwakadzikira, sezvo vagadziri vanogadzira mota dzemutoro uyu. Nekudaro, pachave nekukanganisa, ini ndinocherekedza, semuenzaniso, matambudziko neketani yenguva yekukamba mumainjini eTSI. Pakazara, zvisinei, zvinogona kutaurwa kuti hupenyu hweinjini idzi pamwe hahuzove hwakareba senge mune enjini dzakasarudzika. Izvi zvinonyanya kushanda kune mota dzine yakakwira mileage. Kuwedzera kwekutarisirwa kunofanirawo kubhadharwa kune kunwa. Zvichienzaniswa nedzakakura turbocharged peturu injini, turbocharger dzemazuva ano dzinogona kushanda zvakanyanya zvakanyanya mune hupfumi, nepo dzakanakisa dzadzo dzinoenderana nekudyiwa kweiyo ine simba turbo dhiziri mune yehupfumi mashandiro. Iyo yekudzikira ndeye kugara uchikura kutsamira pamutyairi mutyairi mutyairi, saka kana iwe uchida kutyaira zvine hupfumi, unofanirwa kungwarira neiyo peturu. Nekudaro, tichienzanisa neinjini yedhiziri, injini dze peturu dzinogadziriswa turbo dzinogadzirira uku kusagadzikana nekunatsiridzwa zvirinani, zasi ruzha mazinga, yakafara mashandisiro emhando yekumhanya, kana kushomeka kwevanoshoropodzwa DPF.

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