Zvimiro zvechigadzirwa uye zvakanakira iyo Yakajairika Njanji mafuta system

Mumotokari dzemazuva ano, masisitimu emagetsi emafuta anoshandiswa. Kana kumberi shandurudzo yakadaro yaive chete mumadhigirii emagetsi edhiziri, nhasi injini zhinji dze peturu dzinogamuchira imwe yemhando jekiseni. Ivo vanotsanangurwa zvakadzama mu kumwe kuongorora.

Iye zvino isu ticha tarisa pane iyo budiriro, iyo inonzi Common Rail. Ngatione kuti yakaonekwa sei, chii chiri peculiarity, uye ndezvipi zvakanakira nekuipira.

Chii chinonzi Common Rail Fuel System

Duramazwi rinoshandura pfungwa yeCommunity Rail se "accumulator fuel system". Kusarudzika kwayo ndekwekuti chikamu chemafuta edhiziri chinotorwa kubva mutangi umo mafuta ari pasi pekumanikidza kukuru. Ramp inowanikwa pakati pejekiseni pombi nemajekiseni. Iyo jekiseni inoitwa neiyo injector kuvhura vharuvhu uye iyo yakamanikidzwa mafuta inosunungurwa mukati meiyi humburumbira.

Iyi mhando yemafuta system ndiyo nhanho yazvino mukushanduka kwedhiziri powertrains. Inofananidzwa nemubatsiri wepeturu, dhiziri rinowedzera mari, sezvo mafuta anoiswa mukati mechirinda, uye kwete mune yakawanda yekudyira. Uye pamwe nadzurudzo iyi, kugona kwesimba remagetsi kunowedzera zvakanyanya.

Yakajairika njanji yemafuta jekiseni yakavandudza mashandiro emota ne15%, zvinoenderana nezvimiro zvemukati wemoto injini inoshanda mode. Muchiitiko ichi, kazhinji mhedzisiro mhedzisiro yeinjini yemota kuderera mukuita kwayo, asi mune iyi kesi, simba reyuniti, pane zvinopesana, rinowedzera.

Icho chikonzero cheichi chiri muhunhu hwekuparadzirwa kwemafuta mukati mekirinda. Wese munhu anoziva kuti kugona kweinjini zvakanangana kwete zvakanyanya pairi huwandu hwemafuta anouya sekunakidzwa kwekusanganiswa kwawo nemhepo. Sezvo panguva yekushanda kweinjini, iyo jekiseni maitiro anoitika mune nyaya yezvikamu zvechipiri, zvakafanira kuti mafuta asanganiswa nemhepo nekukurumidza sezvazvinogona.

Mafuta emagetsi anoshandiswa kukurumidza kuita izvi. Sezvo tambo iri kuseri kwepombi yemafuta ine yakanyanya kumanikidza, mafuta edhiziri anosaswa kuburikidza nemajekiseni zvakanyanya. Iko kupisa kwemweya-mafuta musanganiswa kunoitika pamwe nekuwedzera kushanda, kubva ipapo iyo injini inoratidza kuwedzera kwekuita kanoverengeka.

История

Kuunzwa kweiyi budiriro kwaive kuomesa kwenzvimbo dzezvakatipoteredza dzevagadziri vemotokari. Nekudaro, iyo yakakosha pfungwa yakaonekwa pakupera kwema60s ezana ramakore rapfuura. Iyo prototype yayo yakagadzirwa neinjiniya weSwitzerland Robert Huber.

Kwapera chinguva, iyi pfungwa yakapedziswa nemushandi weSwitzerland Federal Institute of Technology, Marco Ganser. Uku kusimudzira kwakashandiswa nevashandi veDenzo uye kwakagadzira peturu system. Rutsva rwakagamuchira iro risinganetsi zita Common Rail. Mumakore apfuura ema1990, kusimudzira kwakaonekwa mumotokari dzekutengesa pane EDC-U2 mota. Hino marori (modhi Rising Ranger) akagamuchira yakadaro mafuta system.

Mugore re 95th, kusimudzira uku kwakavewo kwakawanikwa kune vamwe vagadziri. Mainjiniya erudzi roga roga akachinja sisitimu uye akaigadzirisa kune hunhu hwezvigadzirwa zvavo. Nekudaro, Denzo anozviona piyona mukushandisa jekiseni iri pamotokari.

Pfungwa iyi inopikiswa neimwe mhando, FIAT, iyo muna 1987 yakapa patent injini yedhiziri ine jekiseni rakananga (Chroma TDid modhi). Mugore rimwe chete, vashandi veItaly hanya vakatanga kushanda pakuumbwa kwejekiseni remagetsi, iro rine musimboti webasa neyakajairika njanji. Chokwadi, iyo system yakatumidzwa zita reUNIJET 1900cc.

Iyo yazvino vhezheni yejekiseni inoshanda pane imwecheteyo musimboti neyekutanga kuvandudza, zvisinei kuti ndiani anoonekwa kunge ndiye muvambi wayo.

Kuvaka

Funga nezvekugadzirwa kweshanduro yemafuta system. Iyo yakanyanya kumanikidza wedunhu ine zvinotevera zvinhu:

• Mutsara unokwanisa kumira wakanyanya kumanikidza, kazhinji kosi yekumanikidza muinjini. Inoitwa muchimiro chimwe-chidimbu machubhu ayo akasanganiswa ese wedunhu zvinhu.
• Jekiseni pombi ipombi inogadzira inodiwa sisitimu (zvichienderana nemaitiro einjini, chiratidzo ichi chinogona kupfuura 200 MPa). Iyi nzira ine yakaoma mamiriro. Mukugadzirwa kwayo kwazvino, basa rayo rakavakirwa pane plunger peya. Inotsanangurwa zvakadzama mu kumwe kuongorora... Chigadzirwa uye musimboti wekushanda kwepombi yemafuta zvinotsanangurwawo zvakasiyana.
• Chitima chemafuta (njanji kana bhatiri) idura diki rakakora-dura umo mafuta anoungana. Injectors ine maatomizers uye zvimwe zvishandiso zvakabatana nayo nerubatsiro rwemitsetse yemafuta. Rimwe basa rerampu ndere kunyorovesa shanduko yemafuta anoitika panguva yekushanda kwepombi.
• Mafuta emagetsi anonzwa uye mutongi. Izvi zvinhu zvinokutendera iwe kudzora uye chengetedza iyo inodikanwa kumanikidza mune ino system. Sezvo pombi iri kugara ichimhanya injini ichimhanya, inogara ichipomba mafuta edhiziri mumutsetse. Kuti zvidzivirirwe kubva pakuputika, mutongi anoburitsa zvakasara zvinoshanda svikiro mumutsetse wekudzoka, wakabatanidzwa netangi. Kuti uwane ruzivo rwekuti mashandiro ekumanikidza anoshanda sei, ona pano.
• Iwo majekiseni anopa chikamu chinodiwa chemafuta kumasirinda euniti. Vagadziri veinjini yedhiziri vakasarudza kuisa zvinhu izvi zvakananga mumusoro wesilinda. Iyi nzira inovaka yakaita kuti zvikwanisike panguva imwe chete kugadzirisa nyaya dzinoverengeka dzakaoma. Kutanga, inoderedza kurasikirwa kwemafuta: mune yakawanda yekudyiwa yeiyo multipoint jekiseni system, chikamu chidiki chemafuta chinosara pamadziro mazhinji. Chechipiri, injini yedhiziri haibatise kubva pakubaka uye kwete kubva pakapetwa, sezviri muinjini yepeturu - nhamba yayo yeoctane haibvumidze kushandiswa kwemoto wakadai (chii chinonzi octane nhamba, verenga pano). Iyo pisitoni inomanikidza mhepo zvine simba kana kukanganiswa kwekumanikidza kuchiitwa (mavharuvhu ese akavharwa), zvichikonzera tembiricha yepakati kuti ikwire kusvika pamazana emadhigirii. Kana kamwene ikangomisa mafuta, inopfuta pakarepo kubva pakushisa kwakanyanya. Sezvo kuita uku kuchida kunyatsoita, iwo madhivhizheni akashongedzerwa nemagetsi emagetsi. Izvo zvinokonzereswa nechiratidzo kubva kuECU.
• Masensa anotarisa mashandiro ehurongwa uye anotumira anokodzera masaiti kuchikamu chekutonga.
• Chinhu chepakati muCommon Rail ndiyo ECU, inoenderana nehuropi hwese hweboard system. Mune mamwe mamodheru emota, inosanganisirwa muchikamu chikuru chekutonga. Electronics inogona kunyora kwete chete zvinongedzo zveinjini, asiwo zvimwe zvikamu zvemotokari, nekuda kwekuti huwandu hwemhepo nemafuta, pamwe nenguva yekupfira, zvakaverengerwa zvakaringana. Izvo zvemagetsi zvakagadzirwa mufekitori. Pangosvika iyo ECU inogamuchira ruzivo rwakakodzera kubva kuma sensors, iyo yakatarwa algorithm inoitwa, uye vese vanoita basa vanogashira iwo wakakodzera kuraira.
• Chero ipi yemafuta system ine sefa mumutsara wayo. Iyo yakaiswa pamberi pepombi yemafuta.

Injini yedhiziri yakagadzirirwa iyi mhando yemafuta system inoshanda zvinoenderana nemusimboti. Mune yakasarudzika vhezheni, iyo yese peturu chikamu chinopinda jekiseni. Kuvapo kwemafuta ekuunganidza kunoita kuti zvikwanise kugovera chikamu chimwe muzvikamu zvinoverengeka apo injini ichiita kutenderera kumwe. Iyi nzira inonzi jekiseni rakawanda.

Musimboti waro unodonhedza chokwadi chekuti pamberi pekuti huwandu hwakawanda hwedhiziri husati hwapihwa, jekiseni rekutanga rinoitwa, iro rinopisa imba yekushanda zvakanyanya, uye zvakare rinowedzera kumanikidza kuri mariri. Kana mamwe mafuta asaswa, anopisa zvakanyanya, zvichipa njanji ICE yakakwira torque kunyangwe iyo RPM iri pasi.

Zvichienderana nemamiriro ekushandisa, chikamu chemafuta chinopihwa kamwe kana kaviri. Kana injini ichiita basa, humburumbira inodziya nekaviri-pre-jekiseni. Kana mutoro uchisimuka, imwe pre-jekiseni inoitwa, iyo inosiya mamwe mafuta eiyo huru kutenderera. Kana injini iri kumhanyisa pamutoro wepamusoro, hapana pre-jekiseni inoitwa, asi iyo yose peturu mutoro inoshandiswa.

Development tarisiro

Izvo zvakakosha kuti uzive kuti ino gadziriro yemafuta yakagadziridzwa apo kumanikidzwa kwemasimba emagetsi zvinowedzera. Nhasi, iyo yechina chizvarwa cheCentral Rail yakatopihwa varidzi vemota. Mariri, mafuta ari pasi pekumanikidzwa kwe4 MPa. Iyi nadzurudzo yakaiswa pamotokari kubvira 220.

Zvizvarwa zvitatu zvakapfuura zvaive nematanho ekumanikidza anotevera:

1. Kubva 1999, iyo yekumanikidza njanji yanga iri 140MPa;
2. Muna 2001, nhamba iyi yakawedzera ne20MPa;
3. Makore mana gare gare (4) mota dzakatanga kuve dzakashongedzwa neyechitatu chizvarwa chemafuta masisitimu, ayo aikwanisa kugadzira kumanikidza kwe2005 MPa.

Kuwedzera kumanikidza mumutsetse kunotendera kubayiwa kwehuwandu hwakawanda hwedhiziri munguva imwecheteyo sezvakaitika mukutanga. Saizvozvo, izvi zvinowedzera hukaro hwemota, asi kuwedzera kwesimba kunoonekwa zvakanyanya. Nechikonzero ichi, mamwe ma restyled modhi anogamuchira mota yakafanana neiyo yapfuura, asi nekuwedzera parameter (iyo restyling inosiyana sei neinotevera chizvarwa modhi inotsanangurwa zvakasiyana).

Kuvandudza kushanda kweiyi nadzurudzo kunoitwa nekuda kwezvakanyanya zvemagetsi zvemagetsi. Aya mamiriro ezvinhu anotibvumidza kupedzisa kuti chizvarwa chechina hachisati chiri chihombe chekukwana. Nekudaro, kuwedzera kwekugona kwemafuta emagetsi kunotsamwiswa kwete chete nechishuwo chevagadziri vemotokari kuti vagutse zvido zvevanotyaira mota, asi kunyanya nekusimudza zvimiro zvemamiriro ekunze. Nadzurudzo iyi inopa nani kupisa injini yedhiziri, nemhaka iyo motokari inokwanisa kupfuura yepamusoro kuzvidzora asati asiya gungano mutsetse.

Zvakajairika Njanji Kubatsira uye Kukanganisa

Shanduko yemazuva ano yeiyi sisitimu yakaita kuti zvikwanise kuwedzera simba rechikwata nekusasa mafuta akawanda. Sezvo mune vemazuva ano vagadziri vemotokari vanoisa nhamba yakakura yemhando dzese dzemasaenzi, zvemagetsi zvakatanga kunyatso tsanangudza huwandu hwedhiziri rinodiwa kuti ishandise injini yemoto yemuno mune imwe nzira.

Uku ndiko kubatsira kukuru kweiyo njanji yakajairika pamusoro peiyo dhairekitori mota kugadzirisa pamwe neyuniti majekiseni Imwezve yekuwedzera inofarira mhinduro yekuvandudza ndeyekuti zviri nyore kugadzirisa, nekuti iine mudziyo uri nyore.

Izvo zvinokanganisa zvinosanganisira iyo yakakwira mutengo wekumisikidza. Inodawo mafuta emhando yepamusoro. Chimwe chinokanganisa ndechekuti majekiseni ane dhizaini yakaoma, saka vane hupenyu hupfupi hwekushanda. Kana chero chimwe chadzo chikatadza, vharuvhu irimo ichagara yakavhurika, inozopwanya kusimba kwedunhu uye sisitimu ichavharwa.

Mamwe mashoko pamusoro pechigadzirwa uye akasiyana mavhezheni emagetsi akakwenenzverwa anokurukurwa muvhidhiyo inotevera:

Nheyo yekushanda kwezvinhu zveiyo yakajairika peturu peturu wedunhu Chikamu 2

Mibvunzo nemhinduro:

Chii chiri kumanikidzwa paCommon Rail? Mune njanji yemafuta (accumulator chubhu), mafuta anopiwa pasi pekumanikidzwa kwakaderera (kubva pavacuum kusvika 6 atm.) Uye mudunhu rechipiri pasi pekumanikidza kwakanyanya (1350-2500 bar.)

Ndeupi musiyano uripo pakati peCommon Rail nefuel pombi? Mumagetsi emafuta ane pombi yepamusoro-soro, pombi pakarepo inogovera mafuta kune majekiseni. MuCommon Rail system, mafuta anoputirwa mu accumulator (chubhu) uye kubva ipapo anogoverwa kune majekiseni.

Ndiani akagadzira Common Rail? A prototype common rail fuel system yakaonekwa mukupera kwema1960. Yakagadzirwa naSwiss Robert Huber. Zvadaro, tekinoroji yakagadziridzwa naMarco Ganser.