Pisitoni yekubatanidza tsvimbo: chinangwa, dhizaini, zvikanganiso zvikuru

Iyo pisitoni yekubatanidza tsvimbo chinhu cheiyo crank mashandiro, nekuda kwesimba iro rinopfuudzwa kune crankshaft kana mweya-mafuta musanganiswa wabatidzwa. Icho chinhu chakakosha, pasina icho hazvigoneke kushandura kudzokorodza mafambiro kuita madenderedzwa.

Funga nezvekuti chikamu ichi chakarongwa sei, ndeapi malfunctions, pamwe nesarudzo dzekugadzirisa.

Kubatanidza tsvimbo dhizaini

Iyo yekubatanidza tsvimbo inoshanda pane musimboti wekutenderera mubhasikoro, chete pisitoni inofamba musilinda ndiyo inoita basa remakumbo muinjini. Zvichienderana nekushandurwa kwemotokari, iyo crank michina ine yakawanda yekubatanidza matanda sezvo paine humburumbira mukati mekupisa injini.

Iyi dhata ine zvinhu zvitatu zvakakosha:

• pisitoni musoro;
• crank musoro;
• tsvimbo yemagetsi.

Pisitoni musoro

Ichi chinhu chedanda rekubatanidza chikamu chimwe-chidimbu panogadziriswa pisitoni (chigunwe chakaiswa mumakomba). Iko kune zvinoyangarara uye zvakagadziriswa zvigunwe zvigunwe.

Iyo pini inotakurika yakaiswa mune yendarira bushing. Inodiwa kuitira kuti chikamu chisakurumidza kukasira. Kunyangwe paine kazhinji pane sarudzo pasina bushings. Muchiitiko ichi, pane mukaha mudiki pakati pembiru nemusoro, nekuda kwekuti nzvimbo yekusangana iri nani kuzora.

Iyo yakagadziriswa pini kuchinjwa inoda zvimwe kunyatsoita mukugadzira. Apa, gomba mumusoro rinenge riri diki pane repini.

Iyo trapezoidal chimiro chemusoro chinowedzera nzvimbo iyo pisitoni inogara. Sezvo chinhu ichi chiri pachena kune inorema mitoro, inogadzirwa ine chimiro chinogona kuvamirira kwenguva refu.

Crank musoro

Kune rimwe divi redanda rekubatanidza kune crank musoro, chinangwa chayo ndechekubatanidza pisitoni uye yekubatanidza tsvimbo kune crankshaft KSHM. Kazhinji kazhinji, chikamu ichi chinodonha - chifukidziro chakanamatidzwa netanda yekubatanidza uchishandisa kubatana kwakasungwa. Kuita kuti chinhu ichi chisashome nekuda kwekukwesana kusingaperi, machira anoiswa pakati pemadziro emusoro uye crank. Ivo vanopera nekufamba kwenguva, asi hapana chikonzero chekutsiva iyo yese yekubatanidza tsvimbo.

Musoro wekanzuru unogadzirwa nemazvo chaizvo kuitira kuti mabhaudhi asasununguke panguva yekushanda kweiyo michina uye mota haidi kuchengetwa kwakaomarara uye kunodhura.

Kana chifukidziro chemusoro chakasakara, mhinduro yekuchenjera ndeyekuchitsiva neyakafanana, iyo inogadzirirwa rudzi urwu rweinjini, pachinzvimbo chekutsvaga analogue isingadhuri. Munguva yekugadzira, zvese zvemagetsi uye zvekupisa zvinofungidzirwa, saka mainjiniya vanosarudza chakakodzera zvinhu uye zvakare kuona huremu chaihwo hwechikamu.

Kune mhando mbiri dzekubatanidza matanda:

• spike yekubatanidza pamakona ekurudyi (anoshandiswa muinjini ine mu-mutsetse masilinda);
• kubatana pakona inopinza kune epakati axis yechikamu (chinoshandiswa mumamota akagadzirwa nenzira yeV).

Musoro wekanzuru unewo ruoko rwekutakura (zvinoyeuchidza iyo crankshaft main bearing). Inogadzirwa kubva pasimbi yakasimba. Izvo zvinhu zvinopesana nemitoro yepamusoro uye zvine anti-kukweshera zvivakwa.

Chinhu ichi chinodawo kugara kuchizora. Ndokusaka, usati watanga kufamba mushure mekumira kwemota, unofanirwa kurega injini ikamira zvishoma. Mune ino kesi, oiri inopinda zvese zvinhu zvisati zvaiswa.

Tsvimbo yemagetsi

Ichi chikamu chikuru chedanda rekubatanidza, iro rine I-beam dhizaini (muchikamu inofanana nebhi H). Nekuda kwekuvapo kwevanomesa, chikamu ichi chinokwanisa kumira zvinorema zvinorema. Iyo yekumusoro neyezasi zvikamu (misoro) zvakawedzerwa.

Izvo zvakakodzera kuti urangarire zvishoma zvinoenderana zvine simba tsvimbo:

• huremu hwavo mudhudhudhu hwese hunofanirwa kunge hwakafanana, saka, pazvinotsiva, zvinofanirwa kutarisirwa mupfungwa kuti kunyange kutsauka kudiki kunogona kudzikisira mashandiro enjini yemoto yemukati;
• mukugadziriswa kwepeturu, matanda asinganetsi akasimba anoshandiswa, nekuti humbowo hunogadzirwa musilinda kubatidza mafuta edhiziri, ayo akapetwa kanoverengeka kupfuura kumanikidza mune yakajairika injini.
• kana inorema (kana zvinopesana - kureruka) tsvimbo yekubatanidza yakatengwa, usati waiisa, zvikamu zvese zvinogadziriswa nehuremu pachikero chakaringana.

Zvishandiso zvekugadzira zvekubatanidza matanda

Mukuedza kuita kuti zvikamu zveinjini zvireruke, vamwe vagadziri vanoshandisa nyore nyore chiwanikwa zvinhu kugadzira matanda ekubatanidza. Asi mutoro pazvinhu izvi hauna kuderedzwa. Neichi chikonzero, aluminium haiwanzoshandiswa. Muzviitiko zvakawanda, simbi yepasi inoshandiswa kugadzira matanda ekukanda simbi.

Iyi simbi inoshingirira zvakanyanya kumakanika uye kupisa kupisa. Uye iyo yekukanda nzira yakatogadzirwa, iyo inobatsira maitiro ekugadzira zvikamu. Idzi tsvimbo dzekubatanidza dzinoshandiswa muinjini dze peturu.

Kune injini dzedhiziri, sezvambotaurwa, chinhu chakasimba chinodiwa. Neichi chikonzero, yakakwira chiwanikwa simbi inoshandiswa. Iyo yekugadzirisa nzira iri kupisa kwekuchengetedza. Sezvo matekinoroji akaomesesa anoshandiswa mukugadzira uye izvo zvinhu zvinodhura kupfuura simbi yakakandwa, zvikamu zvacho zvinodhura zvakanyanya kupfuura vamwe vakaumbwa nesimbi.

Iyo mitambo yemitambo inoshandisa alloys akareruka (titanium nealuminium), zvichidaro kugonesa dhizaini yeyuniti yemagetsi (mune zvimwe zviitiko inosvika 50 muzana)

Yekusunga mabhaudhi anogara akagadzirwa neakakwira-chiwanikwa simbi, nekuti mukuwedzera kwekushisa kwekushushikana, tambo dzadzo dzinogara dzichitungamirwa nekukoromoka kupwanya mafambiro.

Nei matanda ekubatanidza achitadza?

Chikonzero chakanyanya kukosha chekubatanidza tsvimbo kutadza ndiko kwese kusakara uye kubvarura kwezvinhu zvacho. Musoro wepamusoro (piston) unotyoka zvishoma. Kazhinji kazhinji zvinoshanda zvakafanana sosi seye mota yese. Heano zvimwe zvikonzero zvekubatanidza tsvimbo kutadza:

• kushomeka semhedzisiro yekurovera kwepistoni nemusoro wesilinda;
• kuumbwa kwekugwinha nekuda kwekupinda kweabrasive pamusoro peiyo yekuisa (semuenzaniso, iyo firita yemafuta yabvaruka, uye oiri yakashandiswa haina kucheneswa nezvezvimedu zvekunze);
• nekuda kwenzara yemafuta, bani rinotakura rinogona kukuvara (izvi zvinogona kutariswa panguva yekugadzirisa kukuru).

Mushure mechisikirwo chikonzero, iyo meta yechipiri haina kukwana kana yakaderera-mhando lubrication. Nechikonzero ichi, mutyairi wega wega anofanirwa kurangarira kuti shanduko yemafuta yenguva dzose inofanirwa kuitika mukati menguva yakatarwa inogadzirwa nemugadziri, kunyangwe mota ichirega kutyaira kazhinji. Oiri inorasikirwa nemidziyo yayo nekufamba kwenguva, iyo inogona kukanganisa kushanda kweinjini yemukati yemoto.

Kugadziriswa kwekubatanidza matanda

Kugadziriswa kwekubatanidza matanda hazviite mune zvese zviitiko. Uku kuvhiya kunogona kuitwa kana:

• kushanduka kwebhari yekutsigira;
• wakawedzera pisitoni musoro clearance;
• kuwedzera kuchenesa kwemusoro wediki.

Isati yagadziriswa, kuongororwa kunoonekwa kwechikamu kunoitwa. Uchishandisa chiyero chemukati, hupamhi nemipengo yese yedanda rekubatanidza inoyerwa. Kana zviratidzo izvi zviri mukati meyakajairika renji, hapana chikonzero chekuchinja matanda ekubatanidza.

Kana iyo tsvimbo yakaremara, izvi hazvigone kufuratirwa, sezvo kuenzana kusingaenzaniswi kwemutoro kunotungamira mukuparadzwa kweiyo cylinder pamusoro, kuwedzera kupfeka kweiyo crankshaft uye pisitoni pachayo.

Deformation yedanda rekubatanidza inogara ichiperekedzwa nekuwedzera injini ruzha kunyangwe pazasi revs. Izvo zvakanyanya kuomarara kugadzirisa kukanganisa kwakadaro, saka, mune ino kesi, chikamu chinongochinjirwa kuchitsva.

Kana paine mukaha usina kukodzera, chifukidziro chemusoro chinofinhwa nehukuru hwakakodzera hweiyo fastener inoiswa. Kuti usabvisa millimeter yakawedzera, unofanirwa kushandisa yakakosha lathe ine bhureji rinofinha.

Kana paine kusakara mumusoro wepistoni, iwe unofanirwa kushandisa yakakosha yekugadzirisa liners, saizi yacho inoenderana neyakakodzera clearance. Ehezve, iyo mota ichimhanya, iyo bushing inozora mukati uye inotora chimiro chaunoda.

Paunenge uchishandisa bushings, tarisa kana iyo bore yeiye liner uye musoro unowirirana - oiri inoyerera nepakati payo pini. Zvikasadaro, iko kugadzirisa hakuzorebese hupenyu hwemota, asi, zvinopesana, kuchadzora zvakanyanya zviwanikwa (mushure mezvose, mutyairi anofunga kuti mota iri "off-simba" uye haidi kugadziriswa nekukasira, asi zvirokwazvo zvikamu zvacho zvine mafuta nenzara).

Mushure mekugadzirisa, zvikamu zvacho zvinofanirwa kuyerwa kuitira kuti kudengenyeka kusingafadzi kuonekwe mumota nekuda kwekusiyana kwehuremu.

Mibvunzo nemhinduro:

Nzira yekutarisa tsvimbo yekubatanidza kune ellipse? Iyo yekubatanidza tsvimbo geometry inotariswa uchishandisa yakakosha michina. Kana tsvimbo yekubatanidza yakaremara zvishoma, izvi hazvigone kugadziriswa neziso. Kune izvi, geji yemukati kana muchina wakasarudzika unoshandiswa.

Chii chinonzi tsvimbo yekubatanidza yakagadzirwa? Kubva patsvimbo, kumusoro piston musoro, rezasi crank musoro. Musoro wepiston wakabatana nepiston nepini, uye musoro wecrank wakabatana negotsi.