Chii chinonzi chassis, inoshanda sei uye ndeyei

Mota chassis

Rutsva rwakavakirwa pane chassis yemhando yapfuura uye yakagashira akawanda ehunyanzvi uye ekuona shanduko. Aya ndiwo maratidziro anoitwa mota zhinji dzechizvarwa chinotevera. Chii chassis inogadzirwa nemhando dzinotevera? Ngatibatei nenyaya iyi zvakadzama.

Chii chinonzi chassis

Dzese mota dzinoumbwa nezvinhu zvikuru zvitatu:

• poindi yemagetsi;
• muviri;
• chisiki.

Chassis haisi chaiyo chikamu chemotokari. Dzimwe nguva izwi iri rinoreva chimiro chinotsigira chemuchina.

Muchokwadi, iyo chasi seti yezvigadziriso zvinodyidzana nemavhiri uye zvinotsigira mota. Ichi chikamu chinobatanidza kutungamira kwemotokari, kutapurirana kwayo, depreciation system uye chassis. Ese aya masisitimu akabatana pane imwe nheyo, uye basa ravo rinowiriraniswa kuitira kuti mota yese iite kufamba. Iyo chassis inosanganisirawo furemu plus powertrains - injini, kutapurirana uye kumiswa. Pairi pane muviri unopa motokari kutarisa kwakapedzwa. 

Chassis yemotokari zvinoreva zvakare seti yezvikamu uye magungano panotsamira kufamba uye kufamba kwemotokari. Mune zvinyorwa zvehunyanzvi zvemuchina, ine mucherechedzo, iyo ino inoenderana nenhamba yemuviri (chii chiri chassis nhamba).

Izvo zvikamu zvikuru zvechasi yemotokari zvimisikidzwa zviviri - kumberi uye kumashure, pamwe nemavhiri. Kuturika kunodiwa kupfavisa kana kubvisa kudedera paunenge uchityaira, nekuda kwekuti mota inokunda zvakanaka mabumps ari munzira.

Inoshanda sei uye ndeyei

Ese mayuniti anodikanwa ekufamba akaiswa padenga remotokari nenzira yekuti simba rinotenderera ripfuure kubva kuinjini kuenda kumavhiri ekutyaira. Aya ndiwo maratidziro akaitwa node dzose:

• Yakaiswa pane subframe mota... Kubva pairi, torque inopfuudzwa kuenda kumberi kana kumashure ekisero (mune zvese-vhiri kana kumashure-vhiri dhiraivha). Nekuda kweizvozvo, mavhiri anotanga kutenderera uye muchina unofamba kuenda kumberi kana kumashure.

• Kuti mota ichinje kwainoenda, mudhiraivho wakabatana nayo. Mavhiri anotyaira anomisa mota kufamba, uye mavhiri ekumhanyisa anoisa mafambiro kwaaienda. Kune zvakawanda zvakadzama mune ino knot zvinopa kufamba kwakatsetseka panguva yekutasva.

• Kuti uchinje kumhanya kwemotokari, giya rinoiswa pakati pesimba remagetsi nemavhiri ekutyaira. Angadaro michina kana otomatiki. Mune ino gungano, torque inowedzerwa neyakagadzika magiya, ayo anoderedza kunyanya kunetseka painjini.

• Kutinhira kunoitika kana uchityaira mumigwagwa yemhando dzakasiyana. Kuzunza uye kudedera kuchakurumidza kukonzera kutapurirana uye zvikamu zvekutadza kutadza. Kubhadhara mutoro uyu, levers uye shock absorbers zvakasungirirwa kune subframe.

Sezvauri kuona, chassis yemota inokutendera iwe kumisikidza chimiro chose, chinja mafambiro ayo uye kuripa iyo mitoro inodedera inoitika panguva yekutyaira. Nekuda kweiyi budiriro, simba rinogadzirwa neinjini yemukati yemoto inogona kushandiswa kutakurwa kwakanaka uye kwakachengeteka kwevanhu nemitoro mikuru.

Device

Saka, pasi pechasisi zvinoreva kusanganiswa kwechikamu chinotsigira uye zvimwe zvakakosha zvinobvumira mota kufamba yakazvimirira. Mhando dzose dzezvivakwa zvinowira mumapoka maviri.

Chikamu chekutanga chinosanganisira mota dzese dzine furemu yekuvaka. Muchiitiko ichi, trolley yemotokari ine furemu iyo yose mayuniti, maitiro uye zvivako zvakabatanidzwa. Motokari idzi dzinorema uye dzakasimba zvakanyanya. Chaizvoizvo, dhizaini yakadaro inowanikwa mumarori uye yakazara-yakazara SUVs.

Chikamu chechipiri chinosanganisira rudzi rwechasi, iyo inokurumidza chikamu chemuviri wemotokari. Iyo inotakura mitoro haina kusimba senge iyo yakazara furemu, asi yakareruka, iyo inonyanya kukosha kune vanotakura mota. Chete mukugadziridzwa kwakadaro kwechassis ndiko kunokwanisika kugadzira iyo yakareruka supercars inogoneka.

Injiniya kubva kune vakasiyana vanogadzira mota vanogadzira yavo zvimiro zvemitumbi inotakura mitoro, iyo inosiyana kwete chete mumagadzirirwo emhando, asi zvakare inogadzirwa kubva kune akasiyana zvinhu.

Heino vhidhiyo pfupi inoratidza kukosha kwekushandisa lightweight chassis zvinhu zvechimanjemanje mota uchishandisa Mazda modhi semuenzaniso:

Mazda. Muviri uye chassis.

Structural zvinhu

Sezvo zvinhu zvose zvichitsamira pane chassis yemotokari, chikamu ichi chemotokari chinofanira kugara chakasimba sezvinobvira, uye zvinhu zvayo zvinofanira kumira mitoro yakasiyana, pasinei nemamiriro ekushanda.

Iyo yazvino mota chassis ine zvinotevera zvikamu uye zvimiro:

• Mavhiri ane matai;
• Transmissions;
• Pendende;
• Steering uye braking system.

Zvese izvi zvinhu zvakasimbiswa zvakatsiga zvese pafuremu uye pane inotsigira chikamu chemuviri.

Kushanda

Panyaya yemotokari inotakura vanhu, chassis yemotokari iyi ine zvinotevera mabasa:

• Inokubvumira kushandisa simba rekukwevera kune yakazvimirira kufamba kwechimiro. Nokuda kweizvi, motokari ine chassis;
• Inopa kufamba kwakatsetseka kunobvira. Iko kuturika uye zvishoma matai ndiwo anokonzera kutsetseka kwekufamba. Nyaradzo yemutyairi uye vafambi zvinoenderana nerudzi rwekumiswa uye kunaka kwezvinhu zvakanyorova;
• Inokubvumira kudzora kutungamira kwekufamba kwechimiro. Iri basa rinopihwa kune kutungamira.

Imwe neimwe chassis yakagadzirirwa mamiriro akasiyana emigwagwa kuitira kuti ikwanise kumirisana nemasimba emuviri kana ichikunda zvipingamupinyi. Kana mutoro uyu wakakosha, chikamu chinotakura chikamu chemotokari chichakanganisa, izvo zvinokanganisa maitiro akasiyana-siyana uye zvinhu zvemuviri (somuenzaniso, magonhi achamira kuvhara).

Kumiswa

Ichi ndicho chimwe chezvinhu zvikuru zvechasisi. Kugadzikana kwemotokari kana kona kunoenderana nemhando uye magadzirirwo echikamu ichi. Zvakare, iyo kumiswa inogadzirwa ichifunga nezvekuchengetedza zvinodiwa zvinoenderana nezvinodiwa nemutyairi wemazuva ano maererano nekunyaradza.

Kubva pakusikwa kwemotokari yekutanga, uye nanhasi, dhizaini yekumisa iri kuramba ichivandudzwa, nekuda kwekuti kune hukuru hwakakura hwemhando dzese dzemagadzirirwo ekumisa munyika yemotokari. Misiyano mikuru pakati pezvimiro zvese izvi iri munzira yekuisa tsigiro yemuchina (mavhiri) pane imwe axle.

Kumira kumisikidzwa

Iyi ndiyo mhando yekutanga yekumisa mota. Muchiitiko ichi, mavhiri eimwe axle akabatanidzwa zvakasimba kune mumwe nemumwe. Zvakanakira zvekumisa kwakadaro zvinosanganisira kunamatira kwakanyanya kwemavhiri kumugwagwa wepamusoro. Izvi zvinonyanya kukosha kana mota ichipinda painotenderera panzvimbo yakatsetseka. Nekuda kwekugadzirisa kwakasimba, vhiri rega rega rinoramba rakamira.

Kana tikataura pamusoro pezvakaipira rudzi urwu rwekumiswa, saka kana uchityaira pamusoro pemapundu, mavhiri akabatana zvakasimba haavimbise kuti motokari inofamba zvakanaka (vhiri rimwe rinomhanya pamusoro pekuputira uye rinoshandura kutaridzika kwesero yose). Mumotokari dzemazuva ano, kusungirirwa zvachose kumberi kwakatosiiwa. Pane kudaro, MacPherson-mhando yekumiswa inoiswa.

Iyo inotsamira chimiro inoiswa chete pane yekumashure axle, zvisinei kuti iri dhiraivha kana inotyairwa axle. Kana iri dhiraivha, saka inomiririrwa neaxle yekumashure, iyo inopa kubatana kwakasimba pakati pemavhiri maviri. Iyo axle inofambiswa inoshandisa crossbeam kana torsion bar.

Independent kuturika

Muchiitiko ichi, mavhiri akaiswa pamaekisi haana kusimba akabatana kune mumwe nemumwe, saka nzvimbo yavo ine hukama neyakachinjika haina kukanganisa mumwe nemumwe. Kuti ive nechokwadi chepamusoro traction nemugwagwa, transverse stabilizer yakaiswa pane iyi kumiswa.

Rudzi urwu rwekumiswa, kunyangwe chimiro chayo chakanyanya kuomarara, chinopa nyaradzo yakawanda uye yakareruka muhuremu kana ichienzaniswa nekumiswa kunotsamira. Nekuda kweizvi, mota dzemazuva ano dziri kuwedzera kusimba uye kugadzikana sezvinobvira. Izvo zvisingabatsiri zvinosanganisira kudiwa kwekugara uchigadzirisa kurongeka kwevhiri.

Kurongwa

Sezvatakambokurukura, chassis mumotokari inodikanwa kune zvinotevera zvinangwa:

1. Ita shuwa kufamba kwemotokari nekuchinjisa torque kubva kuchikamu chemagetsi kuenda kuchinjiso uyezve kumavhiri;
2. Deredza mitoro inouya mukufamba kwekufambisa muchina pamusoro pemapundu. Kutenda neizvi, kana injini kana zvimwe zvakakosha zvekutakura zvinotambura nekuramba uchidedera;
3. Ipa yakatwasuka-tambo kufamba, kufambisa, kumhanyisa kana kudzikisira, pamwe nekumira kuzere nekupaka kunotevera kwechimiro chese chemotokari.

Zvichienderana nerudzi rwemotokari inoitwa pasi, anotevera marudzi echassis anosiyaniswa:

• Zvemotokari - zvinovimba nemotokari, marori, matrailer uye semi-trailers;
• Tarakita - sekutaurwa kwezita, chassis iyi inoshandiswa pamatarakita. Inogona kuteverwa kana mavhiri;
• Midhudhudhu - yaishandiswa kuunganidza midhudhudhu, scooter, matiriki, quads;
• Zvehunyanzvi michina. Iyo dhizaini inogona kunge iri yega yekuzvifambisa uye isiri-yekuzvifambisa. Shanduro dzinozvimiririra dzinogona kushandisa maturu kana mavhiri;
• Njanji - pahwaro hwechassis yakadaro, kutakura kunoitirwa kuitirwa njanji. Izvi zvinosanganisira zvitima, zvitima zvemagetsi, zvitima, matram, zvichingodaro;
• Yese-terrain mota - kunyangwe chassis yakadaro inoshandiswa kuunganidza mota, dhizaini yayo inoratidzira maficha epasi uye emvura kutakura, nekuda kwekuti iyo "amphibian" inokwanisa kufamba neyakaenzana hunyanzvi, zvese pasi nepamvura. Ichi chikamu hachisanganisi hovercraft. Urwu rwatove rudzi rwekutakura mvura.

Ese aya marudzi echassis akapatsanurwa zvakare muzvikamu zvinotevera:

• Chimiro kuvaka. Inotaridzika senge simbi dzakasungirirwa nzira idzo dzakagadziriswa michina uye magungano emota. Marori uye akawanda akazara maSUV anogadzirwa nemhando iyi yechassis. Pakutanga, mota dzevapfuuri dzaivewo dzakavakirwa pane trolley yakadaro, asi nekuda kwehuremu hukuru, chimiro chaida kuiswa kwesimba remagetsi rine simba.
• Kutakura muviri. Chaizvoizvo, iyi mhando yechassis inoshandiswa mune dzakareruka mota. Subframe inogona kushandiswa mungoro yakadaro, asi kune zvakare mota dzisina chinhu ichi.
• Kuzvigadzirira-dhizaini dhizaini. Nadzurudzo iyi kunosanganisira anokosha michina chete. Ngoro ine zvikamu zvekutanga zvinobvumidza kuti zvifambe zvakasununguka. Izvo zvinofanirwa kupa chigaro cheanoshanda. Ichi chikamu chekisasi chinowanzo shandiswa nemauto zvivakwa kufambisa zvemauto, pamwe nemakambani makuru ekuvaka.
• Chimiro mudhudhudhu kuvaka. Mhando yechassis iyi inoshandiswa kuvaka mota dzemudhudhudhu. Iko kune zvakare mhando yemitambo mota, "Buggy", iyo zvakare yakavakirwa pane furemu yakagadzirwa nemapapiro emapombi (kufambisa kuvaka).

Rori chasi

Dzakawanda chassis sarudzo dzakagadzirirwa marori. Ngoro yakadaro inogara yakavakirwa pafuremu. Zvichienderana nemodeli, chassis yemotokari inogona kumiririrwa nematrairi kana mavhiri. Sarudzo dzakasanganiswa hadziwanzo kuwanikwa: chikamu chekufambisa ndiwo mavhiri, uye chikamu chinotungamira makonye.

Zvichienderana nechinangwa chemotokari, muviri, dumba, tangi, chinomiririra, chisanganiso chekongiri, mubhedha uye zvichingodaro zvinogona kuiswa pane chassis yayo. Rori chassis inorongedzwa maererano ne:

• Huwandu hwemasanhu idiki kana maviri uye hwakawanda kana;
• Kutakura hunyanzvi - diki, yepakati kana inorema tonnage;
• Wheel fomula - huwandu hwemavhiri akaiswa mutrolley. Vanogona kuve vasina kuroora kana zvakapetwa.

Kunyangwe chokwadi chekuti marori mazhinji akavakirwa pane yakasarudzika furemu, kunewo mamodheru ane muviri wemonokie. Asi mhando yemota iyi haishande pakutakura mitoro yakanaka.

Semuenzaniso, heino mhedziso yetiketi ina-ekisero Kenworth W900, iyo yakavakirwa pane furemu mhando chassis:

Anodakadza Kenworth W900 ye230 zviuru zvemadhora

Zvinhu zvinokanganisa shanduko mumotokari dhizaini dhizaini

Kubva pakaunzwa yekutanga chassis-based mota, iyo bogie yakaenderera ichienderera yazvino. Mumotokari dzekutanga, kukoshesa kwakapihwa kujekesa dhizaini kuitira kuti simba rine simba risashome riishandiswe, asi panguva imwecheteyo simba rekufambisa harina kurasikirwa.

Mavhiri ekutanga aive akagadzirwa nematanda. Kuita kuti zvireruke, maburi akagadzirwa mavari. Kubva kugadzirwa kweanotaura simbi analogog, yakabva yangounzwa mumotokari. Sezvo kumhanya kwaisvika mota kwaiwedzera, vaitoda kumiswa kwakanyatsoshanda. Neichi chikonzero, mainjiniya akatanga kuvandudza akasimba uye anoshanda damper masisitimu. Uye kutonga nenyaya yekuti matekinoroji matsva ari kubuda (semuenzaniso, magineti ekuvhundutsa anovhiya, ayo anotsanangurwa pano), iro basa rekuvandudza chassis harimire.

Zvichienderana nerudzi rwegogie, inogona kushandisa zvinhu zvisina kuremerwa, semuenzaniso, mutumbi wemonokisi unoumbwa, asi nekuda kwezvikonzero zvekuchengetedza, vese vagadziri vemota vachiri kukurumidza kusiya kushandiswa kwesimbi mamiriro. Kana iko kushandiswa kwezvimwe zvinhu, senge zvinoumbwa kana nano-zvishandiso, zvikajeka mune zveupfumi (nhasi mota dzakadai zviri pachena zvinodhura kune wepakati mutengi), sezvingabvira, vagadziri vanozochinja zvishoma nezvishoma mitsara yekugadzira yekugadzira iyi mhando yechassis.

Chassis malfunctions

Kana ruzha rusina kujairika ruchionekwa kana uchichinja kubva kune rimwe giya kuenda kune rimwe, ichi chiratidzo chekusashanda zvakanaka kwechasisi. Imwe yezvinetso zvinowanzoitika ndeipi mota inotungamira kudivi, kurudyi kana kuruboshwe.

Izvi zvinoitika nekuda kwezvikonzero zvakati.

• iyo geometry yemavhiri epamberi yadambuka,
• kuwedzerwa kumanikidzwa kwetaya,
• zvitsiga zvakaremara,
• misiyano mikuru mu huwandu hwematairi,
• kukanganisa kwekufananidza pakati pemakona ekumashure uye kumberi maekisero.

Matambudziko aya anogona kutungamira kukuvadzwa kweanodzvanya, zvichikonzera kuputsika zvitubu kana kumwe kukuvadzwa kwekumisikidzwa. Kana kukuvara kwechasisi kuchifungidzirwa, mutyairi anofanirwawo kutarisisa kuti pane kubvinza kubva kune chassis. Zvinokwanisika kuti zvivharo zvinyararire zvakasunungurwa, izvo zvinowanzokonzera kukanganisa kune discs uye kusaenzana kwemavhiri epamberi. A creak kana braking chiratidzo chekusashanda kwe shock absorber, stabilizer kana zvikamu zvezvinhu zvinotsigira. Kana imwe yezviratidzo zviri pamusoro ichioneka, iwe unofanirwa kuita chiito nekukurumidza uye kubata basa remotokari.

Zvakare iwe unogona kuziva kuti chii chiri CHASSIS Nhamba: INI INOGARA KWAI uye INOSHANDIRAI?

Zvakanakira nekuipira kwepasi mota chassis

Tichifunga kuti mainjiniya epasirese anga achishanda mukuvandudza chassis yemotokari kweanopfuura makore zana, zvifambiso zvemazuva ano zvinoratidza kugadzikana kwepamusoro, kuvimbika, kuchengetedzeka uye kugadzikana. Kutenda neizvi, ese mayuniti uye michina yakaiswa mumotokari kana mudhudhudhu haatambure nekubvunda kana kudengenyeka kwechisikigo. Hupenyu hwekushanda hweaya mayunitsi hunowedzera, hune mhedzisiro pane kuongororwa kwese kwezvigadzirwa zvemazuva ano zvevatengesi.

Zvakare, iyo chassis, iyo inoshandisa ivhu seyuzrum, pane mweya kana mvura, inobvumidza mitoro mikuru kutakurwa pamusoro penzvimbo dzakadzikama, ichiri kushandisa hushoma huwandu hwemafuta (uchienzaniswa nemhepo kana kutakura kwemvura, iyo inogona kutakura iwo iwo mitoro imwechete) .

Kunyangwe paine chokwadi chekuti mota dzazvino uno dzinovakirwa pamabhureki akadaro anosangana nematanho ekuchengetedza, chassis yemotokari yepasi ine zvipingamupinyi zvayo. Ehezve, kwakawanda kwekukanganisa kwengoro dzekare kunogadziriswa nekuisa nyowani, yakagadzikana zvinhu. Asi chakakosha chakakanganisika chese pasi-yakavakirwa chassis shanduko ndeyekuti mota dzakadai dzinogona kungofamba pasi.

Kunze kwekuti amphibious mota, asi tekinoroji iyi inonyanya kushandiswa mune yakakosha michina, uyezve chete mune yakamanikana mashandiro ezvinhu (semuenzaniso, mota yemhando dzese haibatsire kushandisa munzvimbo dzemaguta). Kutakura kwevanhu zvisiri izvo hazvikwanise kuzvirova pamusoro pekuita zvakasiyana-siyana, kunyaradzwa pamwe nekugona kumwechete, zvese pasi uye pamvura, tisingatauri michina inogona kubhururuka. Kunyangwe, sekureva kweindasitiri yemamuvhi, vanhu vachakurumidza kugadzirisa nyaya iyi zvakare (ngarava yepasi pegungwa yakambofungidzirwawo sechibereko chekufungidzira kwemusango kwevanyori venhema vesainzi).

Vhidhiyo pamusoro wenyaya

Mukupedzisa, tinopa pfupiso yevhidhiyo hurukuro pane yakajairika chimiro chemotokari chassis:

General chimiro chechasisi

Mibvunzo nemhinduro:

Chii chinonzi chassis mumota. Pasi pechassis yemotokari zvinoreva chimiro, chinosanganisira furemu (panzvimbo payo, mumotokari zhinji dzevanofamba, chikamu chinotsigira chemuviri chinoshandiswa), zviyero zvekutapurirana, zvinhu zvechassis, kuturika, pamwe nemaitiro ekudzivirira. (kutungamira). Iyo furemu chassis inogona kutaridzwa seyakagadzika chimiro, nekuti inogona kufamba zvakasununguka pamakwara kana mavhiri.

Izvo zvinosanganisirwa muchassis yemota. Iyo chassis dhizaini inosanganisira furemu kana inotsigira chikamu chemuviri, mudhiraivho (tsvimbo, rack), mavhiri ekisero, matanda ane levers, mavhiri pachawo, ekisero miseve, kadhimoni, giya bhokisi, kuturika zvinhu.