Chii chinonzi all-wheel drive uye chinoshanda sei?

Kana mutyairi achisarudza mota nyowani, imwe yeanoratidza ayo anowanzo kutarisirwa kune nderudzii rwekutyaira iyo inonzi "inofarira". Pane pfungwa yakasimbiswa pakati pevatyairi kuti mota inoshanda inofanira kuva ne4x4 chip.

Tichifunga nezvekufarirwa kwemota-dzemavhiri mota, ma automaker anogadzira asiri-munzira mota uye crossovers kubva kumagungano mitsara, umo iko kufambisa kunovimbisa kutenderera kwemavhiri ese. Chimbofunga izvo zvinoshandurwa zvemuchina uyu, uye zvinonyanya kukosha: zvine musoro here kuva nemota ine-ese-mavhiri?

Chii chinonzi mavhiri mana

Yese-vhiri rinotyaira zvinoreva mota iri kutyaira mavhiri ese. Iyo torque inogoverwa zvakaenzana nekutapurirana, izvo zvinopa muchina kuwedzerwa kutenderera.

Ose-mavhiri anotyaira anosanganisira kushandiswa kwezvimwe zvikamu zvinofambisa masimba kune rimwe vhiri. Mune ino kesi, ese ari maviri maekisheni emotokari anoshanda. Chidimbu chakadai chinowanzo shandiswa mumamodeli ayo anowanzokunda mamiriro emumigwagwa. Nekudaro, hazvishamise kuti yakajairika mota yevatakurwi kuve neyakagodorwa Quattro kana 4x4 ndiro pane chivharo che trunk.

Mhando uye mhando dzese-vhiri rekutyaira

Kunyangwe paine zvakawanda zvakasiyana natsurudzo yemavhiri-ese ekutyaira, pane maviri makuru chete. Izvo zvinosiana kubva kune mumwe nemumwe murudzi rwekubatana kweiyo yakawedzera axis. Funga nezvemhando mbiri idzi dzekutyaira, pamwe neakajairika masuppies.

Inogoneka (chikamu chenguva)

Nekukanganisa, mune ino kesi, mota ichave iine pamberi-vhiri rekutyaira, uye zvishoma kazhinji - kumashure-vhiri dhiraivha. Inovhura 4wd uchishandisa lever pane yakasarudzwa bhokisi kana bhatani pane koni.

Iyi ndiyo misiyano yakapusa pane yekutanga dhiraivha mhando. Iyo peculiarity ndeyekureruka kwekugadzira. Iyo cam clutch yakaiswa mubhokisi regear. Inobatanidza yechipiri axis. Kana sisitimu iri kushanda, mavhiri ese anogamuchira simba kubva kugearbox. Mutyairi akazvimiririra anobatidza mana-mavhiri.

Kunyangwe iyo michina iri nyore muchimiro, ine chakakosha kudzora. Makumbo mana emota anogona kungoitwa pamigwagwa isina kugadzikana. Semuenzaniso, mutyairi paanoona jecha kana matope pamberi pemota, anofanira kufambisa switch kuchinzvimbo chakakodzera.

Iyo sisitimu haigone kushandiswa nekumhanyisa mhanyisa, sezvo isingashandisi musiyano wepakati. Neichi chikonzero, iyo yekupihwa (chii icho uye chii chisina kushanda zviri, verenga mune imwe yakatarwa chinyorwa) uchaona kuwandisa kwakanyanya apo mutyairi anokanganwa kudzima dhiraivhu mumugwagwa wakapfava. Izvi zvinokanganisa kufambisa.

Otomatiki (Otomatiki 4WD)

Ichi otomatiki analoginen rapfuura hutachiwana. Inoshandiswa nemagetsi. Iyo dhizaini yeyuniti inoshandisa iyo viscous coupling inosangana nemagetsi emota.

Kana mota ikarova mugwagwa usina kugadzikana, rimwe kana ese mavhiri anotyaira anotanga kutsvedza. Iyo otomatiki inopindirana nekusaenzana kutenderera kweiyo yekufambisa ekisero uye inoita yechipiri ekisero.

Uku kufambisa kwakaratidza kukwana kwakakwana mumatope, chando kana jecha. Nekudaro, iyi nadzurudzo ine yakakosha kudzoreredza: pasina iro rekutyaira vhiri, iro rekutonga unit harisi kuzobatanidza iyo system.

Chimwe chakakanganisika ndeye kugara uchidziya kweiyo viscous coupling. Neichi chikonzero, iro dhiraivha harigone kushandiswa kure-munzira kwenguva refu. Dzimwe mhando dzemota dzine kiyi ine bhatani.

Yakazara-nguva mana-mavhiri ekutyaira (Yakazara-nguva 4WD)

Rudzi urwu rwekutapurirana runosiyana neyavakapfuura pakuti ese maasi anogara achibatana. Kuti udzikise mutoro pane yekuchinjisa kesi uye kuvandudza kugadzikana kwemuchina pane yakatsetseka asphalt, dhizaini inoshandisa yepakati kusiyanisa. Chinhu ichi chinobhadhara mutsauko mukutenderera kwemavhiri akasiyana.

Kupa yakawedzera kuyambuka-nyika kugona, ine musiyano wekukiya mabhatani. Kunze-munzira, mutyairi anogona kukiya musiyano-ekisero musiyano (iyi nzira inotsanangurwa panopamwe nekuwedzera kwekubatana pakati pemakona. Iyi sarudzo inogoneswa mune otomatiki modhi kana mumanyowani maitiro.

Mota zhinji dzemazuva ano dzakashongedzwa nerudzi urwu rwevhiri-vhiri. Ivo vane yakanaka yekuyambuka-nyika kugona, uye zvakare vari vashoma kukombamira kukukurwa. Kana mota iine yakavharika manyorerwo, saka ita chokwadi chekuimisa usati wakunda tsvina nedzimwe nzira dzemugwagwa. Kuti uwane rumwe ruzivo nezve chii chakasiyana musiyano, kutaurwa zvakasiyana.

Multi-modhi ina-vhiri dhiraivha (Inosarudzwa 4WD)

Iyi shanduko yaisanganisira zvakanakira marudzi ese apfuura. Inobvisa kutadza kweese otomatiki uye echinyorwa kusiyanisa akakiya michina, uye zvakare inobvumidza mutyairi kugadzirira mota rwendo kune imwe nzvimbo yepamusoro. Kuti uite izvi, sarudza yakakodzera modhi pane yakasarudzwa mubhokisi, uye zvemagetsi zvichaita zvese zvakazvimiririra.

Chinhu chete chinogona kumisa mutyairi usati watenga mota nerudzi urwu rwevhiri-dhirairi mutengo wayo wakakwira. Zvakare, mune ino kesi, iwe unofanirwa kutamba pamberi: pamusoro pemutengo wesystem pachayo, iwe unofanirwa kufunga kuti inodawo kushandirwa.

Yechina-vhiri dhiraivha: dhizaini uye mashandiro

Kazhinji kazhinji mumusika wemotokari iwe unogona kuwana mamodheru mune iyo viscous coupling yakaiswa. Chigadzirwa chehurongwa hwakadai chinosanganisira zvinhu zvinotevera:

• Musiyano wakaiswa pakati pemavhiri ekisero huru;
• Checkpoint - inogona kunge iri otomatiki sarudzo kana bhuku remanyorero;
• Kusiyanisa kubhadhara kubhadhara pakati peasi;
• Cardan shaft;
• Chinjana kesi neiyo huru giya yechipiri ekisero;
• Viscous batira.

Kana mota iri pamberi-vhiri rekutadza nekutadza, ipapo injini nebhokisi riri mairi zvichave zviri pamhiri pemuviri. Panyaya yekumusoro-vhiri rekutyaira, aya mauniti ari padyo nemuviri. Chimiro uye dhizaini yezvinhu zvakabatana zvechipiri axis zvinoenderana neizvi.

Kana ina-vhiri rekutyaira rikabatanidzwa, iyo yekuchinjisa kesi inogovera torque zvakaenzana kune yega yega yakabatana vhiri, ichivadzivirira kubva kutsvedza. Kana iyo yekumhanyisa kumhanyisa ichiitwa, iyo torque inowedzerwa, iyo inobatsira mota kuti ikunde zvikamu zvakaoma zveiyo track.

Iyo system inoshanda seinotevera. Iyo mota inoendesa mafambiro e rotary ku clutch (kana iri manual transmission) kana kune torque converter (kana otomatiki kutumira). Zvichienderana nekumhanya kwekufamba (zvirinani kukunda nzira-mumugwagwa mune yekutanga giya), torque inopinda mune yekuchinjisa kesi, mairi inoshandurwa uye kupihwa kumavhiri ekutyaira. Basa racho rinoitwa kuburikidza nekadhian (mashandiro ekutaurisa aya  kumberi).

Ndeipi ina-mavhiri ari nani

Manual nadzurudzo yePP hainyanyo shandiswa mumass-inogadzirwa mota. Inonyanya kuitirwa michina yakakosha. Sarudzo yakajairika ndeyekubatanidza otomatiki kwechipiri axis. Inogona kushandisa viscous coupling kana zvemagetsi, izvo zvinorekodha kuverenga kwevhiri kutenderera.

Kana iwe ukaronga kushandisa mota kune dzimwe nzira nzendo, saka zviri nani kuti usagadzike uye utenge yakanyanya mhando modhi - Inosarudzwa 4WD. Izvo zvinokutendera iwe kuti ushandise mota panjanji seyakajairwa mutakurwi mota, uye kana uchityaira kunze kwemhando yepamusoro - seyese-terrain mota.

Iwe haufanire kutenga mota ine yakadaro sisitimu pane musimboti "kune wese murimi wemoto" - uku kushandiswa kusiri kwechokwadi kwemari. Mune ino kesi, zvingave zvinoshanda kutenga mota ine viscous coupling.

Ese-vhiri rekutyaira mabhenefiti

Saka nei mota dzeXNUMXWD dzakakurumbira (kunyangwe mota dzevapfuuri)? Heano mamwe emabhenefiti ekutapurirana uku anofarirwa nevatyairi vazhinji:

• Iyo mota inomhanyisa zvirinani mumigwagwa isina kugadzikana, semuenzaniso, yakanyorova kunaya, chando kana chando chakazara;
• Paanotyaira achikwira, mutyairi haazonetseki kuti mugwagwa unotsvedza;
• Kana kumberi-vhiri rekutyaira, ndoda rwemberi-vhiri dhiraivha inogona kuzvirumbidza neinoshanda yakadaro yekuyambuka-nyika kugona;
• Nekuda kwekugadzikana kwekutungamira kwekutungamira, mota inoramba yakagadzikana pamabhenda;
• Kunyangwe mota diki ine diki injini vhoriyamu ichave nekukwirisa kumhanya uchienzaniswa nemota yakafanana ine imwechete axle drive.

Nezvayakaipira pamusoro 4x4 nemotokari

Usati wasarudza ye4wd modhi, unofanirwa kufunga nezvezvimwe zvakashata:

• Yega-vhiri mota yekutyaira inodhura zvakanyanya, uye ichi hachisi chekushambadzira chinofamba, asi chikonzero chechisikigo, sezvo paine dzimwe nzira dzechigadzirwa chakaomarara mukutakura;
• Kugadziriswa kwemota dzakadai kunodhura zvakanyanya. Pamusoro pechinyakare sevhisi, zvakare ichada kuongororwa kweanowedzera mamwe magiya, kesi yekuchinjisa kuitira kuti uwedzere hupenyu hweyuniti. Pakaitika kuparara kwesisitimu, muridzi anofanirwa fork kunze kwekugadzirisa kunodhura;
• Inofananidzwa neye analogue, chete pamberi pevhiri vhiri, mota dzakadai dzinonyanya "kudhakwa". Kakawanda izvi zvinoshanda kune yakazara-yakazara maSUV, zvisinei, mota dzevanofamba dzine zvakafanana hunhu dzakawedzera zvishoma mafuta.

Sekupedzisa, isu tinopa vhidhiyo yekuti zvakakosha kutenga zvese-vhiri rekutyaira crossover kana kuti zvirinani kugutsikana nemberi-vhiri dhiraivha:

Mberi kana mavhiri ese ecrossover. Ndezvipi zviri nani, zvayakanakira nezvayakaipira. Kungoda kuomarara

Mibvunzo nemhinduro:

Chii chinonzi zita remavhiri mana? Kusarudza rudzi rwekutyaira pamotokari dzemazuva ano, zviratidzo zvinoshandiswa: FWD (kumberi), RWD (kumashure) uye AWD (yakazara). Mavhiri mana anogona zvakare kunzi 4x4.

Mavhiri mana anoshanda sei? Iyo torque inoenda kune gearbox. iyo yekusundira inogoverwa pamwe nematemo uchishandisa kesi yekuchinjisa. Mavhiri ekumberi nekumashure anofambiswa nemakadhi shafts.

Chii chinonzi all-wheel drive? Mavhiri mana anobatsira pazvikamu zvemigwagwa zvisina kugadzikana semadhaka, sinou, aizi kana jecha. Nekuda kwekuti ese mavhiri mana anofambiswa, muchina uri nyore kutyaira.