Kumisa mota chii?
Zviri mukati
Kumiswa kwemotokari ndechimwe chezvinhu zvakakosha chisiki, iro rakakosha basa nderekuona kubatana kwakasimba uye kwakachengeteka pakati penzira, mavhiri nemuviri wemota. Kune matatu mabasa anoitwa neimwe yega mhando yekumisa:
- inobatanidza mavhiri kumutumbi wemotokari;
- inotora kudengenyeka kunobva mukudyidzana kwematai nemugwagwa wepasi;
- inopa kufamba kwemavhiri zvinoenderana nemuviri wemotokari kuti ufambe zvakanaka uye wakasununguka.
Izvo zvinhu zvikuru zvekumiswa
Kumiswa kwemotokari ihurongwa hune zvikamu zvakati wandei. Pakati pavo:
- Zvinotungamira zvinhu;
- Zvinhu zvakaomarara;
- Shock absorbers;
- Kudzikamisa tsvimbo;
- Zvinosunga.
Inotungamira kana simba rekuparadzira zvinhu
Izvi zvinhu zvinopa kubatana uye kutapurirana kwemauto kumuviri wemotokari uye kuona kufamba kwemavhiri zvinoenderana nemuviri wemotokari. Zvinotungamira zvinhu ese marudzi eanosimudza: kureba, kutenderera, zvakapetwa, nezvimwe.
Zvinhu zvakavharwa
Izvi zvinhu zvinoshanda semhando ye buffer pakati pekusaenzana kwenzira yemugwagwa iri kufamba nemota nemota yemota. Ivo ndivo vekutanga kuona kusaenzana kwemugwagwa uye vochinjisa kumuviri. Zvinhu zvakaomiswa zvakaomarara zvinosanganisira zvitubu zvine helical, zvitubu zvemoto, zvitubu zvemashizha, mapedhi nevamwe.
Shock absorbers
Chinangwa chikuru cheanoshamisira mafuturu kudzikamisa kukonzeresa kunokonzerwa nemavhiri ari kusangana nemigwagwa isina kuenzana, kupa mukana wakasununguka wevatakuri mumota, uye kuita kufamba uye mabhureki ave akatsetseka sezvinobvira.
Iko kune marudzi maviri ekuvhundutsa - mafuta uye gasi. Verenga nezvekusiyana kwavo. mune imwe yakatarwa chinyorwa.
Kudzikamisa tsvimbo
Muchidimbu, izvi zvikamu zvine basa rekubatanidza mavhiri maviri emota pane imwe ekisero. Iwo ekudzikamisa matanda akaiswa nezvitsigiso.
Zvinosunga
Fasteners inosanganisira simbi bushings, bhora mabheyari, akanyarara matombo, nezvimwe
Mhando huru dzekumiswa
Kune akati wandei mhando dzependende. Funga maficha eaya anoshandiswa mumota dzazvino.
Kumira kumisikidzwa
Mune inoenderana negadziriro yekumisa, mavhiri kumativi ese emotokari akasunganidzwa nedanda uye anoshanda pamwechete. Kazhinji, rudzi urwu rwekusimudzira runosanganisira demo rakasimba rinotambanudza hwese hwese hwesimbi yemotokari. Mavhiri maviri akabatana neiyi ekisero, zvinoreva kuti anoshanda ari maviri uye anoita mafambiro akafanana.
Kumiswa kwakazvimirira kwakasimba kwazvo asi kusiri kukodzera mota. Sezvo mutemo, kumiswa kwakadai kunoshandiswa pamarori anorema, akazara-emigwagwa mota. Idzi mota dzinowanzo shandiswa pakuyambuka-nyika kutyaira.
Independent kuturika
Mune masisitimu ane kumiswa kwakazvimirira, hapana ekisero inobatanidza mavhiri ari maviri. Pane kudaro, vhiri rega rinoita zvakasiyana kumigwagwa yemigwagwa. Izvi zvinoreva kuti kana vhiri rimwe rikarova chipingamupinyi kana kurova gomba, rimwe vhiri harizokanganisike.
Kusiyana nekumiswa kunoenderana, uko kwakaomarara uye kusingakodzere mamiriro emumaguta, iyo yakazvimiririra inopa kunyaradzwa kwakanaka kune vanofamba mumota. Ichi ndicho chikonzero chikuru nei mota zhinji dzemazuva ano dzakashongedzerwa nekumiswa kwakazvimirira.
Mhando huru dzekumiswa kwakazvimirira
McFerson
Icho chimwe chezvinhu zvakajairika zvekumisa masisitimu mumotokari. Iyo MacPherson strut dhizaini iri nyore kwazvo uye inowanzo kuve musanganiswa we shock absorber uye coil chitubu iyo inoshanda mukuenderana.
Rudzi rwekumiswa rwakatanga kushandiswa mumotokari dzeFord muma1950 uye yakazove imwe yedzakanyanya kushandiswa mumotokari dzazvino. Kunyangwe iyo MacPherson strut inogona zvakare kuiswa pane yekumiswa kumashure, inowanzo shandiswa kunyanya kumberi kwemuchina.
Iyo MacPherson Rack System ine chikwereti mukurumbira wayo kune zvakanakira senge dhizaini yakapusa, yakaderera yekugadzira mitengo, basa rakanakisa, vhoriyamu yakaderera, nezvimwe.
Kaviri wishbone kumiswa
Chinhu chakakosha cherudzi urwu rwekumiswa ndechekuti kune rumwe rutivi rwe ekisero kune maoko maviri anoteedzana, ayo anosanganiswa neyakaganhurika yekumisa zvinhu.
Zvakanakira kumisa kaviri-A-ruoko kumiswa ndiko compactness yayo uye kunyaradza kwainopa kune vanofamba mumotokari. Izvo zvisingabatsiri ndezvokuti ine yakakura yakawanda, iyo inowedzera uremu hwemotokari. Muchiitiko chekudhumhana nechipingamupinyi, kufamba kwenguva refu kunogoneka, nekuda kwekuti iyo system inogona kuputsa.
Kudzinga axle kuturika
Rudzi urwu rwekumiswa kwakazvimirira runoshandisa maviri ekiseti miseve panzvimbo yeimwe yakagadzikana. Yese axle inosungirirwa kune chassis ne hinge. Chimwe chinhu cherudzi urwu rwekumiswa ndechekuti kana paine chipingamupinyi, vhiri rinogara riine chinzvimbo charo rakaringana nemasanhu. Kumisikidza axle kuturika kunonyanya kushandiswa kumagumo ekupedzisira emashure ekutyaira mota.
Zvakanakira mhando iyi yekumiswa ndeyekureruka kwekuvaka, kudhura kwekuchengetedza mitengo uye mutengo wakaderera. Izvo zvakanakira kudedera kukuru uye kudhiraivha kwakashata kana iyo spidhi yakawedzerwa pamusoro pe60 km / h.
Kumiswa kwakawanda-kwakawanda
Multi-point suspension (Multi-point suspension) imhando yekumiswa kwemotikari ine maoko matatu kana anopfuura ari parutivi neruoko rumwechete kana kupfuura rwunotevera. Rudzi urwu rwekumiswa rwakanyanya kufarirwa sezvo ichipa kugadzikana kwevhiri uye yakanakisa kugadzikana kwekona. Multi-point suspension inogona kuiswa pamberi peaxle, asi inowanzoshandiswa kumashure kwemotokari.
Double wishbone
Rudzi urwu rwekumiswa rwakakamurwa kuita akati wandei madiki (chitubu, mweya, hydropneumatic) zvinoenderana nezvinhu zvakasununguka zvinoshandiswa. Chinhu chakajairika cheese madiki emumisikidzwa iyi kuvapo kwemashure emberi, ayo akabatana nemipendero yekunze kune muviri kana furemu yemota, uye emukati akasunganidzwa nemahinji.
Zvakanakira mhando iyi yekumiswa zvese zviri zvechimiro uye zvinoshanda. Dhizaini yayo yakasarudzika mukuti zvese zvayo zvinhu zvinogona kusunganidzwa kune yakakosha crossbar, iyo inobvumidza iwe kuti ubvise nekukurumidza kumiswa kwese panguva yekugadzirisa.
Basa rayo rinoshanda rakarara pakuti inobvumira geometry yaro kushandurwa uye kukwidziridzwa. Rudzi urwu rwekumiswa runonyanya kushandiswa mumitambo uye nemujaho mota sezvo zvichipa mukubata zvirinani kubata mota.
Zviratidzo zvishanu inguva yekuyedza kumiswa kwako
Kuwedzera kuomarara uchikwira
Kana, paunenge uchityaira, iwe ukatanga kunzwa kuti neese madiki mapundu mumugwagwa pane zvakaomarara kune muviri, izvi zvinoreva kuti pane matambudziko neanobata anovhunduka.
Mota "inodhonza" pakakombama
Kumiswa hakuna kunaka kana iwe uchinzwa kuti mota iri "kudhonza" painokona. Izvi zvinoreva kuti vanokatyamadza havachagone kugadzikana kwemutumbi wemota panguva yemitoro ye centrifugal inogadzirwa panguva yekona. Izvi zvinowedzera mukana wekutadza kudzora uye kupidigura.
Auto "dive nemhino"
Kana zvinokatyamadza zvinopera, kuisa mabhureki kuchamisa muchina nekusendamira zvakanyanya kumberi. Izvi zvine njodzi, sezvo kuzunungusa kuchinetsa nzira yekutyaira, izvo zvinogona kukonzera tsaona.
Kusina kukwana kupfeka kupfeka
Ukacherekedza kuti vhiri rimwe rasakara kupfuura mamwe, ichi kazhinji chiratidzo chekuti kumiswa kwemota hakusi kushanda nemazvo. Izvo zvinoitikawo kana iko kurongeka kwevhiri kana vhiri chiyero kukanganiswa.
Mafuta mavara akaonekwa pasi pemotokari
Kana iwe ukawana makwapa akasviba pane iyo asphalt iri pasi pemotokari yako, izvi zvinogona kuratidza kumiswa kusiri kushanda uye matambudziko ekumisikidza. Nekudaro, ichi chinhu chinosarudzika. Verenga nezve zvimwe zvikonzero zvekudonha kwemafuta. pano.
Maitiro ekutarisa kana kumiswa kuri munzira?
Nzira iri nyore mune ino kesi ndeyekushanyira nzvimbo yebasa uye kukumbira nyanzvi kuti vaongorore kumiswa. Asi cheki yakadaro inogona kuitwa yakazvimiririra.
Nzira yekutarisa kumberi kumiswa?
Paunenge uchitarisa kumisa kumberi, iwe unofanirwa kutanga wateerera kune anthers uye zvikamu zverubha. Kazhinji kazhinji, ivo ndivo vokutanga kukundikana. Nyatsotarisa zvisimbiso zverubha - hazvifanirwe kukuvadzwa, kubvaruka kana kupera.
Teerera kune anovhunduka anopinza kana uchitsvaga kudonha kwemafuta kana kupfeka. Kuti uve nechokwadi chekuti hapana matambudziko navo, unogona kuyedza mota zvishoma. Kana, mushure mekumira kusunda mota, inomira ichizungunuka, zvinoreva kuti zvese zviri mugwara nema absorbers ekuvhunduka. Zvikasadaro, ivo vanozofanira kutsiviwa.
Wongorora maraki zvakanaka. Kana zvanyatsopfeka, vanozodzikira uye mota ichanyura, chinova chiratidzo chechokwadi chekuti matsime nemadampers anoda kutsiva.
Nzira yekutarisa kumiswa kumashure?
Sezvo mazhinji acho ari akaiswa pamberi mukumiswa kumberi, kumashure kuri nyore kutarisa. Kana motokari iri vakapakata yakazvimirira kuturika, mudziyo wake zvishoma zvakaoma, asi muchiitiko ichi, chirwere anogona kuitwa vakazvimirira. Kunyanya kutarisisa kunofanirwa kubhadharwa kune zvinotsigira uye zvinofamba zvinhu.
Kana iwe usina chokwadi chizere chekuti unokwanisa kumisa cheki yekumisa, zvakakodzera kubata basa rakakosha uko vanamakanika vane michina yekuziva yekuongorora uye vanogona kuita zvizere kuongororwa kwekumiswa kumberi nekumashure, pamwe nekutsiva chero chinhu chavo kana zvichidikanwa.
Mibvunzo nemhinduro:
Kumiswa kwemotokari kunosanganisira chii? Inosanganisira madhairekitori (levers) uye elastic (zvitubu, zvitubu, zvidhinha zvinyararire, zvinokatyamadza, torsion bar - zvichienderana nekugadziriswa) zvinhu, zvitsigiro, fasteners.
Kumiswa kwemota ndekwechii? Chinangwa chayo ndechekuchengetedza kuchengetedzwa kwechinzvimbo chemavhiri kana uchityaira mumigwagwa isina kuenzana. Zvakare, zvikamu zvaro zvinotsetseka kunze kwekuvhunduka uye kuve nechokwadi chekugara uchisangana kwemavhiri nepamusoro pemugwagwa.
Ndeapi marudzi ekumiswa aripo? Mota dzemazuva ano serial dzinoshandisa MacPherson strut, double wishbone, multi-link, torsion bar, yakazvimirira kumashure, semi-yakasununguka kumashure, De Dion kumiswa.
Kumiswa kunoshanda sei mumotokari? Marevhisi anoisa nzira chaiyo yekufamba kwakamira kwemavhiri. Paunenge uchirova bump, iyo yekuvhunduka inopfavisa maitiro, uye chitubu chinokurumidza kudzvanya vhiri munzira.
