Flywheel: kunyangwe uye yakavimbika injini kuita

Injini yekupisa yemukati inoramba ichingova iyo inonyanya kushanda magetsi simba mumotokari. Nechiyuniti ichi, unogona kuvhara chero chinhambwe uye kunakirwa nerwendo rwako usina kushandisa nguva yakawanda uchizadza tangi remafuta.

Nekudaro, kuti utange mota uye ive nechokwadi chekumhanyisa kumhanyisa, inofanirwa kuve nechikamu chakakosha. Iyi ndiyo flywheel. Funga kuti nei ichidikanwa mumotokari, ndedzipi mhando dzemavhiri emhepo dzinowanikwa, uyezve mashandisiro aizoita nemazvo kuti isatadza pamberi penguva.

Chii chinonzi mota injini flywheel?

Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, injini flywheel idhodhi rine mazino. Inosungirirwa kune mumwe mugumo we crankshaft. Chikamu ichi chinobatanidza mota uye kufambisa mota. Kuti uve nechokwadi chekuti torque inofambiswa zvakanaka kune yakakodzera gearbox kumhanya, batira rebhachi rakaiswa pakati pezvinoumba. Iyo inodzvanya iyo clutch disc ichipesana neiyo flywheel zvinhu, iyo inobvumidza kuendesa kwe torque kubva kumota kuenda kune gearbox drive shaft.

Nheyo yeinjini flywheel

Iyo flywheel yakagadzikwa kune crankshaft padyo padyo neiyo huru inobereka. Zvichienderana nedhizaini yedhisiki, iyo inobhadharira vibrations panguva yekutenderera kweiyo crank mashini. Mazhinji emafuruwheel emazuva ano akashongedzerwa nechitubu mashandiro, anoita senge damper kana injini ikakwenya.

Kana injini ichinge yazorora, iyo flywheel inoshandiswa kukwenya crankshaft. Panyaya iyi, rinoshanda pamusoro musimboti Chinyorwa Starter motokari dzekare (Chinyorwa mhikuriso akaiswa kupinda rinokosha mugomba injini, izvo akabvumira mutyairi kuti crankha crankshaft uye kutanga womukati injini injini.

Flywheel dhizaini

Mazhinji mafuruvhiri haana kuomarara mukugadzirwa. Mumota zhinji, iri idhi rakasimba, rinorema rine mazino kumagumo. Iyo yakasungirirwa kune crankshaft yekupedzisira flange nemabhaudhi.

Nekuwedzera kwesimba remasimba emagetsi uye nekuwedzera kwekumhanya kwazvo, zvakave zvakafanira kugadzira zvikamu zvemazuva ano izvo zvine dhizaini yakaoma. Vanogona kunzi zvakachengeteka damper mashandiro, uye kwete yakajairwa chikamu.

Basa uye nzvimbo yeiyo flywheel muinjini

Zvichienderana nedhizaini, pamusoro peiyo dhiraivha basa rekufambisa, iyo flywheel ine mamwe mabasa:

• Anonyorovesa vibrations nekusaenzana kutenderera. Vagadziri vanovavarira kugovera iyo yekurova nguva mukati memagetsi anopisa mairi kuitira kuti crankshaft itenderere nekushomeka kushoma. Kunyangwe izvi, kusanzwisisika kwetorsional kuchiripo (mashoma mapistoni mumotokari, kujekesa kuchave kuri pachena). Fluwheel yemazuva ano inofanirwa kutora kudedera kwakadaro zvakanyanya sezvazvinogona kudzivirira kupfeka kwegearbox. Kune izvi, dhizaini yayo ine zvitubu zvinoverengeka zvekuomarara kwakasiyana. Ivo vanopa kuwedzera kwakatsetseka mumasimba kunyangwe nekukurumidza kushanda kwechikwata.
• Kufambisa torque kubva kumota kuenda kune yekufambisa dhiraivha shaft. Maitiro aya anotsigirwa neiyo clutch basket. Mariri, dhisiki rinotyairwa rakasungirirwa padanho rekukweshera repamhepo inobhururuka ichishandisa nzira yekumanikidza.
• Inopa kuchinjiswa kwetoriki kubva kune iyo yekutanga kusvika kune crankshaft painotanga injini. Nechinangwa ichi, iyo flywheel korona yakashongedzerwa nemazino ayo anoita ayo anotanga giya.
• Damper modification inopa inertial simba rekudzikisa iyo crank mashini. Izvi zvinokutendera kuti ubvise zvakaringana mapistoni kubva munzvimbo dzakafa (kumusoro kana pasi).

Flywheels anowanzoitwa anorema zvakakwana kuti vagone kuchengeta mashoma einetic simba kana iyo cylinder iri kuita yekuwedzera sitiroko. Chinhu ichi chinodzosera simba iri kumashure kune crankshaft, zvichidaro zvichiita kuti basa rezvironda zvitatu zvasara (kudya, kumanikidza uye kuburitsa).

Mhando dzakasiyana dzema flywheels

Sezvambotaurwa, mumotokari dzekare flywheel rakagadzirwa nedhisiki yedare, paiperera iro rinomanikidzwa pairi. Nekuvandudzwa kwemaindasitiri emotokari uye nekuwedzera kwesimba remasimba emagetsi emagetsi, mafuruvhiri matsva akagadzirwa ayo anosiyana kubva kune mumwe nemumwe mukuita basa.

Pamarudzi ese, matatu anosiyaniswa:

• Imwe-mashoma;
• Dual-mashoma;
• Chiedza chisina kuremerwa.

Imwe chete masheya anobhururuka

Mazhinji injini dzemoto dzemukati dzakashongedzwa nerudzi urwu rwe flywheel modification. Zvizhinji zvezvikamu izvi zvakagadzirwa nesimbi yakakoswa kana simbi. Iko kune hombe hombe padanho rekubatanidza kune crankshaft shank, uye maburi ekumisikidza ekumisa mabhaudhi anoitwa padzimba dzakatenderedza. Nekubatsira kwavo, chikamu chacho chakasimbiswa zvakasimba pane flange pedyo nekutakura kukuru.

Kunze kune chikuva chekubatana kweiyo clutch drive ndiro (yekukwesana pamusoro). Korona panoperera chikamu ichi inoshandiswa chete kana injini yatanga.

Panguva yekugadzira mafekitori, madhisiki akadaro akaenzana kuti abvise mamwe mahedheni panguva yekushanda kwechimishini. Chiyero chinowanikwa nekubvisa chikamu chesimbi kubva pamusoro pechikamu (kazhinji gomba rinoenderana rinocherwa mariri).

Dual-mashoma kubhururuka

Iyo mbiri-mashoma kana yakaderedzwa flywheel yakanyanya kuomarara. Mumwe mugadziri anoedza kunatsiridza kunyatsoshanda okunatsiridza akadai, izvo zvinogona kutungamira kune akasiyana magadzirirwo emhando dzakasiyana. Izvo zvakakosha zvinhu munzira dzakadai ndezvi:

• Kutyaira dhisiki. Mhete ine mazino yakagadzikwa pairi.
• Inotungamira disc. Iyo yakasungirirwa kune crankshaft flange.
• Torsional vibration dampers. Ivo ari pakati pemadhisiki maviri uye anoitwa muchimiro chesimbi matsime ekuomarara kwakasiyana.
• Magiya. Zvinhu izvi zvakaiswa mune dzakaomarara flywheels. Ivo vanoshanda semapuraneti magiya.

Shanduko dzakadai dzinodhura zvakanyanya kupfuura echinyakare solid flywheels. Nekudaro, ivo vanoita kuti kutapurirana kuve nyore kushandisa (kupa kwakanyanya kutsetseka) uye kudzivirira kupfeka kubva mukuvhunduka uye kudengenyeka uchityaira.

Zvisingaregi flywheels

Iyo isina kuremerwa flywheel imhando yeimwe-imwe-yakawanda shamwari. Musiyano chete pakati pezvikamu izvi chimiro chavo. Kuti udzikise huremu, chikamu chesimbi chinobviswa kubva pamusoro peiyo disc pane chirimwa.

Mhezi dzakadaro dzinoshandiswa kugadzirisa mota. Kutenda kune yakareruka disc uremu, zviri nyore kuti mota isvike yakanyanya rpm. Nekudaro, kusimudzira uku kunogara kuchiitwa pamwe chete nezvimwe zvinoshandiswa neinjini uye kufambisa.

Pasi pemamiriro ezvinhu akajairwa, zvinhu zvakadaro hazvina kuiswa, nekuti zvinokanganisa mashandiro emota zvishoma. Pakumhanya kwakakwirira izvi hazvinyatso kuoneka, asi pakumhanya kwakaderera, zvinetso zvakakomba uye zvinetswa zvinogona kumuka.

Flywheel mashandiro uye zvinogona kuitika malfunctions

Kazhinji, iyo flywheel ndiyo imwe yezvinhu zvakavimbika kwazvo zveinjini. Kazhinji kazhinji, sosi yayo yekushanda yakafanana neiyo yeyuniti yemagetsi. Zvichienderana nezvinhu uye nemugadziri, zvikamu izvi zvinotora makiromita zviuru mazana matatu nemazana mashanu kana kudarika.

Chikamu chinonetsa kwazvo cheflywheel mazino egiya. Izvo zviwanikwa zveichi chinhu zvakananga zvinoenderana nehutano hwekutanga. Iro zino kubva mukushandisa kwakawanda kweanotanga rinogona kutyoka kana kungopera. Kana kukanganisa kwakadaro kukaitika, iwe unogona kutenga korona nyowani uye nekuiisa panzvimbo yeiyo yekare. Muchiitiko ichi, dhisiki rese rinofanirwa kubviswa muinjini, uye mushure mekugadzirisa, inoiswa kumashure, ichingoshandisa mabhaudhi matsva.

Imwe yakajairika flywheel kutadza kuri kupisa kwekupesana pamusoro. Izvi zvinowanzoitika panguva isiriyo yekushanda kwemota, inoenderana nekutyorwa kwemitemo yekuchinja kwegear (semuenzaniso, bhaidhi rekubatira harinyatso kushushikana).

Kupisa zvakanyanya kunogona kukonzera kuti diski iumbike kana kutsemuka. Chimwe chezviratidzo zvekusashanda kwakadaro ndiko kuramba kuripo kwechikwata mune imwe rev range. Izvo zvakare zvinofambiswa nekusimba kwakasimba. Kana mutyairi akapisa batira uye achitsiva neimwe nyowani nekukasira, hapana chikonzero chekuchinja flywheel.

Dual-mashoma mamodheru anokundikana zvishoma zvishoma, sezvo paine zvimwe zvimwe zvikamu mukugadzirwa kwavo. Chitubu chinogona kuputika, mafuta anodonhedza, kana kutadza kutakura (izvi hazviwanzoitika, asi zvinoitika mune ino runyorwa).

Chimwe chikonzero chekupfeka kwemhepo inobhururuka ndiko kuchinjika kusingatarisirwi kweiyo clutch yekukweshera disc. Mune ino kesi, iwo ma rivets anokwenya pamusoro pechikamu, mhedzisiro yacho isingakwanise kubviswa nechinhu chero chipi zvacho, chete nekutsiva chikamu.

Maitiro ekutyaira anogona kukanganisa hupenyu hwemaflywheel. Semuenzaniso, kana mutyairi achityaira mota nekumhanyisa kumhanya pamusoro penzvimbo yakareba, kudedera kubva kuchikamu kunowedzera, izvo zvinogona kukuvadza zvinhu zvinokwira zvewhewheel. Vamwe vatyairi vanotanga nekumisa injini vasingadzvinyiriri batira.

Iyo flywheel haina kushandirwa zvakasiyana. Chaizvoizvo, maitiro aya anoitwa panguva yekubatira batira. Muchiitiko ichi, kuongororwa kunoonekwa kwechikamu kunoitwa. Kana pasina hurema, hapana chinoitwa. Kana kurira kwekunzwika kuchinzwika, saka zvakakosha kudhonza mota kuenda kunzvimbo yemasevhisi kuitira kuti iyo yakasakara yekukwikwidza disc isakwenya pamusoro peiyo flywheel.

Inobhururuka inogona kugadziridzwa uye kugadzirisa?

Uyu mubvunzo unowanzo kuve une hunyambiri-hushoma nhunzi. Kana shanduko yakasimba ikakundikana, inongoshandurwa kuita imwe nyowani. Chikamu cheyakajairika hachidhure zvakanyanya kubvunza mubvunzo wakadai.

Nekudaro, zvinodhura damper modification zvinowanzo kutungamira kune zvakafanana kufunga. Dzimwe nyanzvi dzinokuya nzvimbo yekukwesana kuti ibvise chero kukwenya kunokonzerwa neyakavharwa nekirabhu disc. Muzviitiko zvakawanda, kugadzirisa kwakadaro hakuunze mhinduro yaunoda. Kuputika kwakatetepa kwepamusoro kubva kumatoro akakwirira kunogona kuputika, uko kunosanganisira kwete chete kutsiviwa kwemhepo inobhururuka, asiwo kugadzirisa batira.

Mamwe mawekishopu emushandirapamwe anopa kugadziridza furuwheel inodhura nemari shoma. Nekudaro, iyi zvakare nzira inokatyamadza. Icho chokwadi ndechekuti kunze kwekorona, hapana kana chimwe chikamu chewhewheel chinotengeswa zvakasiyana. Neichi chikonzero, rakadai "kudzoreredza" basa rinopokana.

Mukupedzisa, zvinofanirwa kucherechedzwa kuti nekushandisa nekuchengetera batira uye yakayerwa nzira yekutyaira, hakungave nematambudziko neiyo flywheel. Kana muchina usingawanzoshandiswa, saka unogona kufunga nezvekuisa damper flywheel. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, zvakafanana analogs zvichave zvakavimbika.

Mibvunzo nemhinduro:

Chii chinonzi flywheel muinjini yekupisa yemukati? Iri dhisiki, rakamisikidzwa pane crankshaft, rinopa inertial simba (inotsvedza kunze kutenderera kusingaenzaniswi kweshaft), inoita kuti ikwanise kutanga injini (korona kumagumo) uye kuendesa torque kubhokisi regiya.

Chii chinonzi flywheel yemota? Iri ndiro dhisiki rakabatanidzwa kune injini crankshaft. Zvichienderana nekugadziriswa, iyo flywheel inogona kuva imwechete-mass (solid disc) kana maviri-mass (zvikamu zviviri zvine zvitubu pakati pavo).

Flywheel inogara kwenguva yakareba sei? Izvo zvinoenderana nemamiriro ekushanda emotokari. A single-mass imwe inowanzoshanda sekureba seyo mukati memoto injini pachayo. Iyo miviri-mass version inotarisira avhareji ye150-200 zviuru zvemakiromita.