Bata moto masisitimu, mudziyo, musimboti wekushanda

Chero mota yakashongedzerwa neinjini yemukati yemoto, mune zvemagetsi, ichave iine system yekuvesa. Kuti musanganiswa wemafuta ane atomized uye nemhepo mumasirinda ubatidze, kuburitsa kwakanaka kunodiwa. Zvichienderana nekushandurwa kwemotokari pane-bhodhi network, chiyero ichi chinosvika makumi matatu ezviuru volts.

Simba iri rinobvepi kana bhatiri riri mumota richingoburitsa gumi nemaviri volts? Chinhu chikuru chinogadzira iyi voltage ndiyo yekupisa coil. Tsanangudzo yekuti inoshanda sei uye ndedzipi shanduko dzinotsanangurwa mune imwe wongororo.

Iye zvino isu tichaisa pfungwa pachirongwa chekushanda kweimwe yemhando dzekupisa masisitimu - kuonana (nezvemhando dzakasiyana dzeSZ zvinotsanangurwa pano).

Chii chinonzi kusangana mota mota kuvesa

Mota dzemazuva ano dzakagamuchira bhatiri-mhando magetsi system. Urongwa hwayo hunotevera. Iyo yakanaka pole yebhatiri yakabatana newaya kune ese magetsi emota yemota. Kubvisa kwakabatana nemuviri. Kubva pane yega yega michina yemagetsi, waya isina kunaka inosanganisirwa nesimbi chikamu chakabatana nemuviri. Izvi zvinoguma newaya shoma mumotokari, uye dunhu remagetsi rakavharwa kuburikidza nemuviri.

Museve wakasviba - low voltage ikozvino, museve mutsvuku - wakakwirira

Iko kuvesa system yemota inogona kuve yekuonana, isiri yekutaurirana kana yemagetsi. Pakutanga, michina yaishandisa iyo yekudyidzana mhando yemasisitimu. Mhando dzese dzazvino dzinogamuchira sisitimu yemagetsi iyo yakasiyana zvachose nemhando dzakapfuura. Iko kuvesa mavari kunodzorwa ne microprocessor. Sekushandurwa kweshanduko pakati pemhando idzi, pane isina kubatana system.

Sezvakangoita mune dzimwe sarudzo, chinangwa cheSZ ichi kugadzira simba remagetsi yesimba rinodiwa uye nekuzvinangisa kune imwe spark plug. Rudzi rwekubatana rweiyo system mudunhu rayo ine inokanganisa-kugovera kana kugovera. Ichi chinhu chinodzora kuunganidzwa kwesimba remagetsi mukomboni yekuvesa uye nekuparadzira kushushikana kune humburumbira. Chigadzirwa chayo chinosanganisira cam element, iyo, inotenderera pane shaft, neimwe nzira inovhara maseketi emagetsi eimwe kenduru. Mamwe mashoko nezve chimiro uye mashandiro ayo anotsanangurwa mune imwe chinyorwa.

Kusiyana neiyo yekudyidzana sisitimu, iyo isiri-yekudyidzana analogo ine transistor mhando yekupisa kuunganidza uye yekuparadzira kutonga.

Bata kuvesa system dhizaini

Iyo yekuonana SZ redunhu ine:

• Galvanzie kukiya. Iri iboka rekubatana naro iro rinoiswa mubhodhi system yemota uye injini inotangwa uchishandisa yekutanga. Chinhu ichi chinotyora denderedzwa remagetsi remota chero mota.
• Simba remagetsi. Nepo injini isiri kumhanya, magetsi emagetsi anobva kubhatiri. Bhatiri remotokari rinoshandawo sekuchengetedza kana iyo alternator isinga vape simba rakaringana kushandisa michina yemagetsi. Kuti uwane ruzivo rwekuti mabhatiri anoshanda sei, verenga pano.
• Distributor (muparidzi). Seizvo zita rinoratidzira, chinangwa chayo ndechekuparadzira yakakwira voltage yazvino kubva kune yekuwisira coil kune ese eparaki plugs zvakare. Kuti uite zvinoenderana nekutevedzana kwekushanda kwemasilindiri, tambo dzakakwira-voltage dzehurefu hwakasiyana dzinoenda kubva kune anogovera (kana yakabatana, zviri nyore kunyatsobatanidza masirinda kune anogovera).
• Condenser. Iyo capacitor inosungirirwa kune vheji yemuviri. Chiito chayo chinobvisa kupenya pakati pekuvhara / kuvhura makamera emugovera. Iko kupenya pakati pezvinhu izvi kunokonzera kuti macams apise, izvo zvinogona kutungamira mukurasikirwa kwekubatana pakati pevamwe vacho. Izvi zvinotungamira kuchinhu chekuti imwe plug haina kupisa, uye mweya-musanganiswa wemhepo unongokandwa usina kupiswa mupombi yekuzadza. Zvichienderana nekushandurwa kweiyo kuvesa system, iyo capacitance yeiyo capacitor inogona kunge yakasiyana.
• Dzomoto chivhariso. Tsanangudzo pamusoro pechigadzirwa uye chii chirevo chavo chekushanda chiri, chinotsanangurwa zvakasiyana... Muchidimbu, simba remagetsi kubva kune muparidzi rinoenda kune yepakati electrode. Sezvo paine chinhambwe chidiki pakati payo neparutivi chinhu, kuputsika kunoitika nekuumbwa kwesimba rinopinza, rinovesa musanganiswa wemhepo uye peturu musirinda.
• Dhiraivha. Iyo yekuparadzira haina kushongedzwa neyega dhiraivha. Yakagara pane shaft inoenderana necamshaft. Iyo rotor yeiyo michina inotenderera zvakapetwa zvishoma zvishoma zvishoma seye crankshaft, kungofanana neyeiyo nguva camshaft.
• Galvanzie coils. Basa rechinhu ichi kushandura yakaderera magetsi magetsi kuita yakakwira voltage kupisa. Zvisinei nekushandurwa, iyo dunhu fupi ichave iine mavhiri maviri. Magetsi anopfuura nepuraimari kubva kubhatiri (kana mota isati yatanga) kana kubva kune jenareta (kana injini yemagetsi yemukati iri kushanda). Nekuda kwekuchinja kwakapinza mumagineti uye maitiro emagetsi, chinhu chechipiri chinotanga kuunganidza yakakwira magetsi azvino.

1 jenareta; 2 kuvesa switch; 3 muparidzi; 4 mudariki; 5 spark plugs; 6 kuvesa coil; 7 bhatiri

Kune akawanda akagadziridzwa pakati pehukama masisitimu. Heano misiyano yavo mikuru:

1. Chirongwa chakajairika ndeyeKSZ. Iyo ine yakasarudzika dhizaini: imwe coil, breaker uye muparidzi.
2. Nadzurudzo yaro, chishandiso icho chinosanganisira yekunzwa sensor uye chinhu chekutanga simba rekuchengetedza.
3. Rudzi rwechitatu rwekubatana system ndeye KTSZ. Kuwedzera kune vanobata, mudziyo wayo unenge uine transistor uye induction-mhando chengetedzo mudziyo. Zvichienzaniswa neyechinyakare vhezheni, iyo yekubata-transistor system ine akati wandei mabhenefiti. Yekutanga yekuwedzera ndeyekuti yakakwira voltage haipfuure nepakati pevanosangana. Iyo vharuvhu inongoshanda chete neye kudzora pulses, saka hapana spark pakati pemakamu. Mudziyo wakadai unoita kuti zvikwanise kusashandisa iyo capacitor muparidzi. Mune yekudyidzana-transistor nadzurudzo, inopenya pamatanda plugs inogona kuvandudzwa (iyo voltage pane yechipiri ichitenderera yakakwira, nekuda kwekuti iyo spark plug gap inogona kuwedzerwa kuitira kuti spark iwedzere).

Kuti unzwisise kuti ndeipi SZ inoshandiswa mune imwe mota, unofanirwa kutarisa kudhirowa kwemagetsi system. Hezvino izvo izvo madhizaini eaya masisitimu anotaridzika.

(KSZ): 1 - spark plugs; 2 - muparidzi; 3 - kutanga; 4 - kupisa kwemoto; 5 starter traction relay; 6 - kuwedzera kupikisa (variator); 7 - kupisa coil

(KTSZ): 1 - spark plugs; 2 - ignition distributor; 3 - chinja; 4 - coil yekudzima. Kuisa chiratidzo che transistor electrodes: K - muunganidzi, E - emitter (zvose simba); B - base (maneja); R inopikisa.

Nheyo yekushanda kweyehukama kuvesa system

Senge isingabatanidzwe uye yemagetsi system, iyo analoginen yekudyidzana inoshanda pasimboti yekushandura uye kuchengetedza simba, iro rinopihwa kubva kubhatiri kuenda kune yekutanga kumhanyisa iyo coil yekuvesa. Chinhu ichi chine dhizaini dhizaini inoshandura 12V kuita voltage inosvika makumi matatu ezviuru volts.

Simba iri rinogoverwa nemugovera kune yega yega plug plug, nekuda kwekuti inotsva inoumbwa mumacylinders neimwe nzira, zvinoenderana nenguva yevhavha uye sitiroko dzeinjini, inokwana kubatidza BTC.

Basa rese rekubatidzira kuvesa system rinogona kuve nemamiriro akapatsanurwa muzvikamu zvinotevera:

1. Kushanda kweiyo-bhodhi network. Mutyairi anotendeuka kiyi, iro boka rekubatana rinovhara. Magetsi kubva kubhatiri anoenda kune yekutanga pfupi dunhu.
2. Chizvarwa chemhando yepamusoro yemagetsi. Maitiro aya anoitika nekuda kwekuumbwa kwemagineti munda pakati pekutenderera kwemaseketi ekutanga uye echipiri.
3. Kutanga mota. Kutenderedza kiyi mukiyi nzira yese inotsamwisa kubatanidza iyo yekutanga kune yemagetsi network yemagetsi (zvese zvaunoda kuti uzive nezvekushanda kweiyi michina zvinotsanangurwa pano). Kushandura crankshaft kunoita mashandiro egasi ekuparadzira mashandiro (yeizvi, bhandi kana cheni dhiraivha inoshandiswa, iyo inotsanangurwa mune imwe chinyorwa). Sezvo muparidzi achiwanzotanga kushanda pamwe chete necamshaft, nhare dzayo dzinovharwa neimwe nzira.
4. Chizvarwa chemhando yepamusoro yemagetsi. Kana mabhureki akonzereswa (magetsi anonyangarika nekukasira pamhepo yekutanga), iyo magineti inonyangarika pakarepo. Panguva ino, nekuda kweiyo induction mhedzisiro, yazvino inoonekwa mune yechipiri ichitenderera nemagetsi anodiwa pakuumbwa kwesarimi mukenduru. Iyi paramende inoenderana neshanduro yekushandurwa.
5. Kugoverwa kwekushushikana. Pangotanga kumhanyisa kwekutanga, iyo yepamusoro-voltage tambo (yepakati waya kubva kune coil kuenda kune mugove) inosimbiswa. Mukuita kwekutenderera kweiyo shaft yekuparadzira, inotsvedza yayo zvakare inotenderera. Inovhara chiuno chekenduru chaiyo. Kuburikidza neiyo yepamusoro-voltage tambo, iko kushushikana kunobva kwapinda mumwenje unoenderana.
6. Spark kuumbwa. Kana yepamusoro voltage yazvino yaiswa kune yepakati musimboti wepulagi, iyo diki diki pakati payo neparutivi electrode inotsamwisa arc kupenya. Musanganiswa wemafuta / wemhepo unopfuta.
7. Kuunganidzwa kwesimba. Muchikamu chechipiri, vagoverani vekuparadzira vanovhura. Panguva ino, dunhu rekutanga rinotenderera rakavharwa. Munda wemagineti unogadzirwa zvakare pakati payo nedunhu repiri. Kuenderera mberi KSZ inoshanda zvinoenderana nechisimba chakatsanangurwa pamusoro.

Bata kuvesa system kusagadzikana

Nekudaro, kugona kweinjini kunoenderana kwete kwete pachikamu umo mafuta acho achasanganiswa nemhepo uye nenguva yekuvhura kwemavharuvhu, asiwo panguva iyo kukwezvwa kunoiswa kune spark plugs. Vazhinji vatyairi vanoziva izwi rekuti kuvesa nguva.

Pasina kuenda mune zvakadzama, ino ndiyo nguva iyo shasha inoiswa panguva yekuitwa kwekumanikidza sitiroko. Semuenzaniso, pakumhanya kwepamusoro kweinjini, nekuda kweiyo inertia, iyo pisitoni inogona kutotanga kuita sitiroko yekushanda sitiroko, uye iyo VTS haisati yave nenguva yekupisa. Nekuda kweichi chiitiko, kumhanyisa kwemota kunenge kune husimbe, uye kudonhedza kunogona kuumbika muinjini, kana kana vharuvhu yekuzadza ikavhurwa, musanganiswa wekupisa unokandirwa muhusiku hwakawanda.

Izvi zvichanyatso kutungamira kune ese marudzi ekuputsika. Kuti udzivise izvi, iyo yekudyidzana yekupisa sisitimu inogadzirirwa neyeyumu yekugadzirisa iyo inopindirana nekutsikirira iyo accelerator chitiviri uye inoshandura iyo SPL.

Kana iyo SZ isina kugadzikana, mota inogona kurasikirwa nemagetsi kana kutadza kushanda zvachose. Heano akakanganisa makuru anogona kunge ari mukubata kugadziridzwa kwemaitiro.

Hapana spark pamakenduru

Iko kupisa kunonyangarika mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro:

• Iyo break in low-voltage waya yakagadzira (inoenda kubva kubhatiri kuenda kune coil) kana iko kusangana kwakanyangarika nekuda kweiyo oxidation;
• Kurasikirwa kwekusangana pakati peslider nevateereri vemugovera. Kazhinji kazhinji izvi zvinokonzeresa kuumbwa kwenzvimbo dzekabhoni pavari;
• Kuputsa kweseketi pfupi (kutyora kwekutenderera kutenderera), kutadza kweiyo capacitor, kutaridzika kwekutsemuka pabutiro remugovera;
• Iko kuputira kweiyo yepamusoro-voltage tambo yakaputswa;
• Kuputsa kwekenduru pachayo.

Kuti ubvise zvinokanganisa, zvakakosha kuti uongorore kutendeseka kwemaseketi emagetsi epamusoro uye akaderera (kunyangwe paine kubatana pakati pewaya netemu, kana ikashaikwa, suka kubatana), pamwe nekuitisa ongororo michina. Mukuita kwekuongorora, mikova iri pakati peanobata vanobatika inogadziriswa. Zvinhu zvisina kukwana zvinotsiviwa nezvitsva.

Sezvo zvishuwo zvehurongwa zvinodzorwa nema mechanical michina, zvinokanganisa zviri muchimiro chekabhoni kana dunhu rakavhurika zvakasarudzika, nekuti vanotsamwiswa nekupfeka kwechisikigo kwezvimwe zvikamu.

Injini inomhanya nguva nenguva

Kana, mune yekutanga kesi, kushomeka kwesvutugadzike pamakenduru hakuzobvumidze mota kuti itange, ipapo kusagadzikana kushanda kweinopisa injini yemukati kunogona kukonzerwa nekukanganisa mune rakasiyana magetsi wedunhu (semuenzaniso, kuputsika kweimwe yewaya dzinoputika).

Heano mamwe ematambudziko muSZ anogona kukonzera kusagadzikana kushanda kwechikwata:

• Kuputsa kenduru;
• Yakakura kwazvo kana diki diki pakati pemoto plug plug ma electrode;
• Gaka rakashata pakati peanobata vanobata;
• Iyo yekuparadzira yekuvhara kana rotor yakaputika;
• Zvikanganiso mukumisikidza UOZ.

Zvichienderana nerudzi rwekuputsika, ivo vanobviswa nekumisikidza iyo chaiyo UOZ, maburi uye kutsiva izvo zvakaputswa zvikamu nezvitsva.

Diagnostics yepi neipi malfunctions erudzi urwu rwekupisa masisitimu inosanganisira mukutaridzika kwekutarisa kwenzvimbo dzese dzedunhu remagetsi. Kana iyo coil ikaputsika, chikamu ichi chinongotsiviwa nechimwe chitsva. Kukanganisa kwayo kunogona kuzivikanwa nekutarisa nekutyora mabhenji ne multimeter mune yekudhara modhi.

Pamusoro pezvo, isu tinokurudzira kutarisa pfupi vhidhiyo kuongororwa kuti mashandisiro emagetsi nemuchina wekugovera anoshanda sei:

Chii chinonzi kuvesa mugove (muparidzi) uye zvinoshanda sei?

Mibvunzo nemhinduro:

Sei iyo isina contactless ignition system iri nani? Sezvo pasina inofambiswa dhizaini uye breaker mairi, vanobatika muBC system havadi kugara vachigadzirisa (kugadzirisa kana kuchenesa kubva kabhoni deposits). Muhurongwa hwakadaro, kutanga kwakasimba kweinjini yekupisa kwemukati.

Ndeapi masystem ekubatidza aripo? Pakazara, kune marudzi maviri emagetsi masisitimu: kuonana uye kusabatika. Muchiitiko chekutanga, pane yekuonana breaker-distributor. Muchiitiko chechipiri, shanduko inobata basa remuputsi (uye muparadzi).

Iyo electronic ignition system inoshanda sei? Mune masisitimu akadai, iyo sparking impulse uye yakakwira voltage ikozvino kugovera zvinodzorwa nemagetsi. Ivo havana michina zvinhu zvinokanganisa kugovera kana kukanganisa kwema pulses.