Chii chinoshandurwa, zvayakanakira nezvayakaipira

Pakati pevatyairi, iyo inoshandurwa inoonekwa senge yepakutanga uye yakanakisa mhando yemuviri Idzi mota dzine vateveri vazhinji vanodisa kukanganisa kuitira kuti vave nemota yakasarudzika yekirasi iyi mugaraji ravo.

Funga nezve izvo zvinoshandurwa, ndedzipi mhando, uye ndeapi makuru makuru nezvakanakira mota dzakadai.

Chii chinotendeuka

Muviri we "unoshandurwa" wakakurumbira zvekuti nhasi zvakaoma kuwana mutyairi akadaro asingakwanise kungotsanangura kuti imhandoi yemota. Motokari dziri muchikamu ichi zvine denga rinodzoreka.

Zvichienderana nemodeli yemotokari, iyo yepamusoro inogona kuve yemaviri masisitimu:

• Dhizaini dhizaini. Kune ino sisitimu, vagadziri vanogovera inodiwa nzvimbo mudhiramu kana pakati pemutsara wekumashure nehunde. Musoro mumotokari dzakadai unowanzo kuve wakagadzirwa nemachira, nekuti mune ino kesi inotora nzvimbo shoma mudhiramu pane mumwe akaomarara wesimbi. Muenzaniso wekuvakwa kwakadai Audi S3 Convertible.
• Denga rinobviswa. Izvi zvinogona zvakare kuve nyoro nyoro kana yakaoma izere kumusoro. Mumwe wevamiriri veichi chikamu ndeye Ford Thunderbird.

Mune vhezheni yakajairika (yakatsenhama yemachira kumusoro), denga rakagadzirwa nechinhu chakasimba, chakapfava chisingatyi kushanduka kwetembiricha uye kazhinji kupeta kuita niche. Kuti kanivhasi isatsungirire kuratidzwa kwenguva refu kune hunyoro, inoiswa mudumbu nekomboni yakasarudzika isingasvavi makore apfuura.

Pakutanga, padenga nzira yekupeta yaida kutariswa nemuridzi wemota. Aifanira kusimudza kana kudzikisa kumusoro iye ega nekugadzirisa. Mhando dzemazuva ano dzakashongedzerwa nemagetsi magetsi. Izvi zvinomhanyisa zvakanyanya uye zvinofambisa maitiro. Pane mamwe mamodheru, zvinotora anopfuura masekondi gumi chete. Semuenzaniso, denga reMazda MX-10 rinopetwa mumasekondi 5 uye rinokwira mumasekondi 11,7.

Denga rinodzoreka rinoda imwe nzvimbo. Zvichienderana nemodeli yemotokari, inovanda mukamuri remuti (pamusoro peiyo vhoriyamu hombe kuti iwe ugone kuisa mukwende mukati mayo) kana mune imwe niche iri pakati pechigaro chemashure uye trunk madziro.

Panyaya yeCitroen C3 Pluriel, mugadziri wechiFrench akagadzira mashandiro kuitira kuti denga rivanzike mune niche pasi peguti. Kuita kuti mota iite senge yechinyakare inoshandurwa, uye kwete semotokari ine padenga remadziro, maberere anofanira kubviswa neruoko. Rudzi rwemugadziri wemutyairi.

Vamwe vagadziri vanopfupisa kabhini kuti isunungure inodiwa nzvimbo, ichichinjisa iyo ina-mikova sedan kuita maviri-masuo coupe. Mumotokari dzakadai, mutsara wekumashure unonyanya kuita sevacheche pane wakazara, kana kutoshaya. Zvisinei, panewo mienzaniso yakareba, iyo mukati mayo yakafara kune vose vanofamba, uye muviri une mikova mina.

Chisinganyanyo kuzivikanwa mune echazvino kutendeuka inzvimbo yedenga inopeta pamusoro pechivharo chebhutsu, kunge hood pane bhachi. Muenzaniso weiyi Volkswagen Beetle Cabriolet.

Sekuteedzera bhajeti kweinoshandurwa, muviri wakaomarara wakagadzirwa. Zvimiro zveshanduro iyi zvinotsanangurwa mune imwe yakatarwa chinyorwa... Mukushandurwa kweiyo inoshandurwa-hardtop, denga haripete, asi rakabviswa zvachose muchimiro chimwechete sekuiswa pamota. Zvekuti mukati merwendo haruputsike nemhepo, inogadziriswa nerubatsiro rwezvakasungwa zvakasungwa kana zvakasungwa.

Inoshandurwa nhoroondo yemuviri

Iyo inoshandurwa inoonekwa senge yekutanga mhando yemotokari yemuviri. Ngoro isina denga - izvi ndizvo zvaitaridzika senge ngoro dzinodhonzwa nemabhiza, uye ndivo chete vepamusoro vanogona kutenga chingoro neimba.

Nekugadzirwa kweinjini yemukati yemoto, mota dzekutanga dzekuzvifambisa dzaive dzakafanana chaizvo nengoro dzinovhurika. Tateguru wemhuri yemotokari dzakashongedzerwa neinjini dzemukati dzemoto yaive Benz Patent-Motorwagen. Yakavakwa naKarl Benz muna 1885 uye patent yakaiwanirwa muna 1886. Aiita kunge ngoro yemavhiri matatu.

Yekutanga mota yeRussia yakapinda mukugadzirwa kwakawanda yaive "Car yeFrese neYakovlev", yakaratidzwa muna 1896.

Parizvino, hazvizivikanwe kuti mangani makopi akagadzirwa, zvisinei, sezvinoonekwa mumufananidzo, ichi chinoshandurwa chaicho, denga rayo rinogona kudzikiswa kunakidzwa nekukasira kukwira nemumaruwa anoyevedza.

Muhafu yechipiri yema1920, vagadziri vemotokari vakasvika pakufunga kuti mota dzakavharwa dzaive dzakanyanya kushanda uye dzakachengeteka. Mukuona kweizvi, mamodheru ane akaomarara matenga edenga akaonekwa zvakanyanya uye kazhinji.

Kunyangwe zvinoshandurwa zvichiramba zvichitora niche huru yemitsetse yekugadzira, nema30s, vatyairi vaiwanzosarudza zvese-simbi zvivakwa. Panguva iyoyo pakabuda mhando dzakadai sePeugeot 402 Eclipse. Idzi dzaive mota dzaive nedenga rakapetwa rekupeta. Nekudaro, maitiro ayo akasiya zvakawanda zvekushuvira, sezvo kazhinji vaikundikana.

Nekutanga kweHondo Yenyika II, mota dzakanaka dzakakanganikwa. Pangosvika kudzoreredza mamiriro erunyararo, vanhu vaida mota dzinovimbika uye dzinoshanda, saka pakanga pasisina nguva yekugadzira mhando dzekupeta dzemhando yepamusoro.

Chikonzero chikuru chekudzikira mukuzivikanwa kweanoshandurwa chaive dhizaini yakaoma yevamwe vakavharwa. Pamapundu makuru uye netsaona diki, mutumbi mavari wakaramba wakamira, izvo zvaisakwanisa kutaurwa nezvekushandurwa pasina maraki uye padenga rakaoma.

Yekutanga kushandurwa kuAmerican ine folding hardtop yaive Ford Fairline 500 Skyliner, yakagadzirwa kubva muna 1957 kusvika 1959. Zvigaro zvitanhatu zvakave zvakagadzirwa neyakaomesesa otomatiki mashandiro ayo anongozvipeta padenga mudhiramu hombe.

Nekuda kwekukanganisa kwakawanda, mota yakadai haina kutsiva vamwe vese-simbi. Denga raifanirwa kugadziriswa munzvimbo zhinji, asi izvi zvakangogadzira kuoneka kwemotokari yakavharwa. Mota nomwe dzemagetsi dzainonoka zvekuti kuita kusimudza / kudzikisa denga kwakatora maminetsi angangoita maviri.

Nekuda kwekuvapo kwezvimwe zvikamu uye nemuviri wakareba, iyo inoshandurwa inodhura kupfuura yakafanana yakavharwa sedan. Uyezve, mota inoshandurwa yairema mazana maviri emakirogiramu kupfuura ayo anowedzera kufarirwa mumwe-chidimbu.

Pakati nepakati pemakumi matanhatu, kufarira kune vanoshandurwa kwakadzikira zvakanyanya. Yakanga iri iyo Lincoln Continental inoshandurwa kumusoro iyo yakaita kuti zvive nyore kune sniper mukuurayiwa kwaJohn F. Kennedy muna 60.

Rudzi urwu rwemuviri rwakatanga kuwana mukurumbira chete muna 1996. Chete ikozvino yaive yatove yakasarudzika nadzurudzo ye sedans kana coupes.

Chitarisiko uye chimiro chemuviri

Mune vhezheni yemazuva ano, zvinoshandurwa hazvisi zvakasiyana zvakagadzirwa mota, asi kusimudzira kweiyo yakatopedzwa modhi. Kakawanda kacho sedan, coupe kana hatchback.

Denga remhando dzakadai kupeta, kashoma rinobviswa. Iyo inowanzo shandurwa ine yakapfava pamusoro. Inopeta nekukurumidza, haitore nzvimbo yakawanda uye inorema zvishoma kudarika iyo simbi vhezheni. Mune michina mizhinji, iyo yekusimudza sisitimu inoshanda mune otomatiki maitiro - chingobaya bhatani uye kumusoro kwakapetwa kana kubhedhenurwa.

Sezvo kupeta / kubhedhenura kwedenga kunogadzira seiri, mazhinji mamodheru akagadzirirwa nzira yekukiya uchityaira. Pakati pemota dzakadai pane Mercedes-Benz SL.

Vamwe vagadziri vanoisa masystem akadaro anotendera mutyairi kusimudza kumusoro achityaira. Kuti uite mashini, iyo yekumhanyisa kumhanya kwemota inofanirwa kunge iri 40-50 km / h, semuenzaniso, muPorsche Boxster.

Kune zvakare echinyorwa masystem. Mune ino kesi, muridzi wemota anofanira kuseta yekupeta mashandiro mukufamba iye. Kune mhando dzakasiyana dzesarudzo dzakadai. Zvimwe zvinoda kubviswa uye zvakapetwa kuita niche yakasarudzika, nepo vamwe vachishanda nenzira imwecheteyo sey otomatiki, chete ivo havana magetsi emagetsi.

Iyo inowanzo shandurwa ndeye yakapfava-epamusoro mota, asi kunewo akawanda akaomarara-epamusoro mamodheru. Nekuda kwekuti chikamu chepamusoro chinofanira kunge chakasimba (zvakaoma kugadzira musoni wakanaka wekusimbisa pazvibatanidzwa), panofanirwa kuve nenzvimbo yakakwana mudhiramu. Mukuona kweizvi, mota dzakadai dzinowanzo gadzirwa muchimiro chemasuo-maviri coupe.

Pakati pematenga aya panewo mhando dzepakutanga, semuenzaniso, budiriro mune izvi yakaitwa nekambani yeSavage Rivale. MuDutch Roadyacht GTS mota yemitambo, iyo yekumonera padenga yakaoma, asi nekuda kwekugadzirwa kwayo kwakasarudzika, haitore nzvimbo yakawanda mutangi.

Musoro unoshandurwa wemotokari une zvikamu zvisere, chimwe nechimwe chakasungirirwa pane njanji yepakati.

Subtypes yemuviri unoshandurwa

Iyo yakajairika cabriolet-chimiro chemuviri chinogadziridzwa ndeye sedans (4 madhoo) uye coupes (2 madhoo), asi kune dzimwewo sarudzo dzakabatana, idzo vazhinji dzinoreva sevanoshandura:

• Roadster;
• Speedster;
• Phaeton;
• Landau;
• Targa.

Musiyano uripo pakati pedzakashanduka uye dzakabatana mhando dzemuviri

Sezvatotaurwa, chinoshandurwa kushandurwa kweimwe nzira yemumugwagwa, semuenzaniso, sedan. Nekudaro, pane mhando dzinoita sedzinoshandurwa, asi pachokwadi iri chikamu chakaparadzaniswa chekuvaka.

Roadster uye inoshandurwa

Tsananguro ye "roadster" nhasi haina kujeka - mota yezvigaro zviviri nedenga rinobviswa. Rumwe ruzivo nezve rudzi urwu rwemuviri runotsanangurwa pano... Vagadziri vanowanzo shandisa izwi iri sezita rekutengeserana kune maviri-zvigaro zvinoshandurwa.

Mune yakasarudzika vhezheni, idzi dzaive mota dzemitambo dzine dhizaini yekutanga. Chikamu chepamberi mavari chakakudzwa uye chinoonekwa chakatsvedza chimiro. Bhugi idiki, uye kumhara kwakadzika kwazvo. Munguva yepamberi pehondo, yaive mhando yemuviri wakaparadzana. Vamiriri vakakurumbira vekirasi iyi nde:

• Allard J2;
• AC Cobra;
• Honda S2000;
• Porsche Boxster;
• BMW Z4.

Speedster uye inoshandurwa

Shanduro isingashande yemugwagwa inoonekwa seinomhanyisa. Ichi zvakare chikamu chakaparadzaniswa chemotokari mumitambo niche. Pakati peanomhanyisa hakusi chete zvakapetwa kaviri, asi zvakare zvimwe zvakasiyana.

Idzi mota hadzina denga zvachose. Munguva yemangwanani emumhanyi wemotokari, maimhanyisa emota aive akakurumbira zvikuru nekuda kwekuti iwo aive akareruka sezvinobvira kumhanya dzekumhanyisa. Mumwe wevamiriri vekutanga veiyo yekumhanyisa mota ndeye Porsche 550 A Spyder.

Hwindo remhepo mumotokari dzemitambo dzakadaro rinotarisirwa pasi, uye edivi racho kazhinji haripo. Sezvo kumucheto kwekumusoro kwehwindo repamberi kwakadzika kwazvo, hazviite kuisa denga pamota yakadaro - mutyairi anozorodza musoro wake pakatarisana nayo.

Nhasi, vanomhanyisa havanyanyo kuburitswa nekuda kwekuita kwavo kwakaderera Mumiriri wemazuva ano wekirasi iyi Mazda MX-5 Superlight show mota.

Iwe uchiri kugona kukwirisa kumusoro kune vamwe vanomhanyisa, asi izvi zvinoda bhokisi rematurusi uye kusvika hafu yeawa.

Phaeton uye inoshandurwa

Imwe mhando yemota yakavhurika-yepamusoro ipaeton. Mhando dzekutanga dzaive dzakafanana chaizvo nengoro dzinozereswa padenga. Mukushandurwa kwemuviri uyu, hakuna B-mbiru, uye mahwindo epadivi anogona kubviswa kana kusavapo.

Sezvo iyi nadzurudzo yakasimudzwa zvishoma nezvishoma neinoshandurwa (mota dzakajairika nedenga rakapetwa), mapaetoni akatamira kune imwe mhando yemuviri, yakanyatsogadzirirwa kuwedzera nyaradzo kune vanofamba kumashure. Kuti kuwedzere kuomarara kwemuviri kumberi kwemutsara wekumashure, imwe chikamu chakaiswa, senge mumamota emagetsi, kubva panowanzosimuka imwe girazi remhepo.

Mumiriri wekupedzisira wepachinyakare phaeton ndiChrysler Imperial Parade Phaeton, yakaburitswa muna 1952 mumakopi matatu.

Mune zvinyorwa zveSoviet, izwi iri raishandiswa kumotokari dzemauto dzisiri mumugwagwa nedzimba dzetende uye isina mahwindo emumativi (mune dzimwe nguva aisonerwa mupolo). Muenzaniso wemotokari yakadaro ndeye GAZ-69.

Landau uye inoshandurwa

Zvichida iyo yakasarudzika mhando yekushandurwa ishaidhi iri pakati pevakuru sedan uye inoshandurwa. Iko kumberi kwedenga kwakasimba, uye pamusoro pevane mitsara yekumashure vanokwira nekudonha.

Mumwe wevamiriri vemota yakasarudzika ndeye Lexus LS600h. Muchina uyu wakanyatsogadzirirwa muchato waPrince Albert II weMonaco uye Princess Charlene. Panzvimbo pekumonyoroka musasa, mutsara wekumashure wakafukidzwa neakajeka polycarbonate.

Targa uye inoshandurwa

Rudzi rwemuviri uyu irwo rudzi rwemugwagwa. Musiyano mukuru kubva pairi kuvapo kwenzvimbo yekuchengetedza kumashure kwemutsara wezvigaro. Iyo yakaiswa zvachose uye haigone kubviswa. Kutenda kune chimiro chakaomarara, vagadziri vakakwanisa kuisa fafitera rekumusoro rakamiswa mumota.

Chikonzero chekuonekwa kwekushandurwa uku kwaive kuyedza kweDhipatimendi Rekufambisa reUS (muma1970) kurambidza zvinoshandurwa nemigwagwa nekuda kwekusagadzikana kwekuchengetedzeka kana rollover mota.

Nhasi, zvinoshandurwa mumhando yechinyakare zvine yakasimbiswa yemahwindo furemu chimiro (uye mune maviri-zvigaro coupes, machengetedzo maberere akaiswa kuseri kwezvigaro zvemutyairi uye zvevatakuri), izvo zvichiri kuvabvumidza kuti vashandiswe.

Denga mutara rinobviswa kana kutamiswa. Muenzaniso wakakurumbira mumuviri uyu ndiPorsche 911 Targa.

Dzimwe nguva pane zvingasarudzwa nehurefu hwehurefu, izvo zvinowedzera kuomarara kwemuviri. Muchiitiko ichi, denga rine mapaneru maviri anobviswa. Imotokari yeJapan Nissan 300ZX ndeimwe yevamiriri ve subspecies.

Zvakanakira nekuipira izvo zvinoshandurwa

Pakutanga, mota dzese dzaive dzisina denga kana ine turu inosimudza nekumira. Nhasi, chinotendeuka chinenge chiri chechinhu chepamusoro pane chinodiwa. Ndicho chikonzero ichi kuti vanhu vazhinji vanosarudza iyi mhando yekufambisa.

Heano mamwe emamwe maficha akanaka erudzi urwu rwemuviri:

• Kutaridzika kwakanyanya uye mashoma mashoma mapofu emutyairi kana denga radzikira;
• Dhizaini yekutanga inoita iyo inozivikanwa mota modhi kuti inakidze. Vamwe vanofuratira kuona kushoma kweinjini, kungova nemotokari ine dhizaini chete;
• Iine hardtop, maaerodynamics ari mumotokari akafanana kune avo vese-esimbi vamwe.

Muviri we "unoshandurwa" unowedzera mutero kune dhizaini pane kuita. Usati wasarudza yakavhurika mota semotokari huru, zvakakodzera kufunga kwete chete nezvakanaka zvacho, asi zvakare nezvakaipira, uye mumhando iyi yemuviri pane yakakwana yavo:

• Kana mota ichiitwa isina denga, guruva rakawanda rinowanikwa mukabhini pane vamwe vakavharwa, uye kana yakamira, zvinhu zvekunze (matombo kubva pasi pemavhiri emotokari dzinopfuura kana marara kubva mumutumbi wetiraki) zvinopinda nyore mukabhini;
• Kuvandudza kugadzikana, nekuda kwevasina simba pasi, mota dzakadai dzinorema, idzo dzinoperekedzwa nekuwedzera kwekushandisa peturu zvichienzaniswa neyakajairwa mota eiyo imwe modhi renji;
• Mune mavhezheni ane yepamusoro nyoro, kunotonhora kwazvo kutyaira munguva yechando, kunyangwe mumamodeli emazuva ano iyo awning ine chisimbiso chakakosha pakupisa kwekushisa;
• Chimwe chinokanganisa padenga rakapfava ndechekuti inogona kusviba zvakanyanya kana mutyairi asina hanya achitsvaira apfuura mota yakamiswa nemadhaka. Dzimwe nguva mavara anoramba ari pachivharo (zvinhu zvine mafuta zvinogona kunge zviripo mumadhaka kana shiri inobhururuka inosarudza "kumaka" nharaunda yayo). Poplar fluff dzimwe nguva inonetsa kwazvo kubvisa kubva padenga usina kugeza;
• Iwe unofanirwa kunyatso chenjera kana uchisarudza chinoshandurwa mumusika wekutevera - iyo padenga michina inogona kunge yatokuvara kana padhuze nekuparara;
• Kudzivirirwa kwakashata kune vanoparadza, kunyanya mune yepamusoro nyoro. Banga diki rakakwanira kukanganisa kanivhasi;
• Pazuva rinopisa zuva, vatyairi vanowanzo simudza padenga, nekuti kunyangwe pakumhanya, zuva rinobika zvakanyanya mumusoro, kwaunobva kurwara nezuva. Dambudziko rakafanana rinowanikwa mumaguta makuru kana mutyairi akanamira mumotokari kana mumotokari. Wese munhu anoziva kuti kupararira kwezuva rehiviviolet hakudzivisirwe nemakore, saka muzhizha, kunyangwe mune mamiriro ekunze, unogona kupiswa nyore. Kana mota ichifamba zvishoma nezvishoma mukati "musango" remuguta, mukati memotokari kazhinji kunopisa zvisingaite (nekuda kweasphalt inopisa uye mota dzinopfungaira padhuze). Mamiriro ezvinhu senge izvi zvinomanikidza vatyairi kusimudza denga uye kuvhura air conditioner;
• Iyo yedenga yekupeta mashandiro ndiyo inonyanya kuzivikanwa musoro kune vese varidzi vemota dzemhando yepamusoro. Kwemakore, iye achazoda kutsiva kwezvisingawanzo zvikamu, izvo zvinonyatso kudhura yakanaka peni. Izvi zvinonyanya kuitika kune michina ine hydraulic kana yemagetsi dhiraivha.

Ehezve, aya marudzi ematambudziko haamise echokwadi kudanana. Vanozochengeta mota yavo, kuitira kuti mota ive yakanaka uye inoshandisika. Nehurombo, chiitiko chakadai chisingawanzo pamusika wechipiri, nekudaro, kana uchisarudza chinoshandurwa chinoshandurwa, unofanirwa kuve wakagadzirira "kushamisika".

Unogona kutyaira uine denga pasi uchinaya?

Mumwe wemibvunzo inowanzo kurukurwa pamusoro pekushandurwa ndewekuti iwe unogona kuchovha neiyo yepamusoro pasi mune kunaya kwemamiriro ekunze? Kuti uzvipindure, zvinhu zviviri zvinofanirwa kufungwa nezvazvo:

• Iyo mota inofanirwa kufamba pane imwe nhanho yekumhanyisa. Nekuda kwekusiyana pakuumbwa kwemuviri, hunhu hwemhepo dzinosiyana. Semuenzaniso, kune BMW Z4, iyo yekumhanyisa kumhanyisa iyo isinganetsi mvura isingade kukwidza denga ndeye 60 km / h; yeMazda MX5 chikumbaridzo ichi chiri kubva ku70 km / h, uye yeMercedes SL - 55 km / h.
• Izvo zvinonyanya kushanda kana nzira yekupeta inogona kushanda nemota inofamba. Semuenzaniso, Mazda MX-5 iri munzvimbo yakaoma uye iri kufamba mumutsara wechipiri. Denga remuenzaniso uyu rinongokwira kana mota yakamira. Kana ikatanga kunaya, mutyairi anofanira kumbomira zvachose kwemasekondi gumi nemaviri uye kuteerera zvinhu zvakawanda zvinonakidza mukero yake, kana kunyorova mumotokari, kuyedza kuenda munzira yekure kurudyi uye kutsvaga nzvimbo yakakodzera yekupaka.

Nekudaro, mune dzimwe nguva, chinoshandurwa hachinyatso kushandisike - mutyairi paakafunga kuronga rwendo rusingakanganwiki rweorudo kune wake akakosha. Kana zviri zvekuita, zvirinani kusarudza modhi ine yakaoma pamusoro.

Mibvunzo nemhinduro:

Zita remota ine denga rakashama rinonzi chii? Chero muenzaniso usina denga unonzi convertible. Muchiitiko ichi, denga rinogona kunge risipo zvachose kubva pamhepo kusvika kune trunk, kana kuti zvishoma, semumuviri weTarga.

Ndechipi chakanakisa kuchinjika? Zvose zvinoenderana nemaitiro ayo mutengi anotarisira. Iyo yakasarudzika modhi ndeye 8 Aston Martin V2012 Vantage Roadster. Vhura-pamusoro mitambo motokari - Ferrari 458 Spider (2012).

Zita remota yakavhurika-yepamusoro yevatakuri inonzi chii? Kana tikataura nezve kugadziridzwa kweiyo yakajairwa modhi, ipapo ichave inoshandurwa. Kana iri mota yemitambo ine denga rinodzokororwa, asi isina mahwindo eparutivi, iyi inokurumidza.