Chii chinonzi hydrocracked mafuta

Chinhu chitsva pamusika wemota dzemvura - hydrocracking mafuta - yakagamuchira kuongororwa kwakasanganiswa pakati pevaridzi vemotokari. Vamwe vanofunga kuti mafuta aya seakanakisa budiriro yemazuva ano. Vamwe vanoteerera kuzvinhu zvekugadzirwa kwezvinhu uye vanotaura zvisina kunaka nezvazvo. Usati watora mhedziso dzekupedzisira, zvakakosha kunzwisisa hydrocracking mafuta - kuti chii, chii chakanakira uye chakashata, uye kana zvakakodzera kusarudza lubricant yemhando iyi yemota yako wega.

Zviri mukati

• 1 Chii chinonzi hydrocracked mafuta
  • 1.1 Technology tekugadzira
  • 1.2 Basic Properties
  • 1.3 Kubatsira uye kuipa
• 2 HC kana synthetic: chii chekusarudza uye nzira yekusiyanisa
  • 2.1 Kuchinja kubva kukugadzira kuenda kune hydrocracked mafuta
  • 2.2 Nzira yekusiyanisa mafuta e-hydrocracked kubva kune yakagadzirwa
    • 2.2.1 Vhidhiyo: Mafuta eHC

Chii chinonzi hydrocracked mafuta

Hydrocracking inzira yekunatsa maoiri egasi kuti igadzire maoiri epasi ane yakakwirira viscosity maitiro. Iyo HC synthesis tekinoroji yakagadziriswa neAmerican chemist muma1970s. Munguva ye hydrocatalytic processing, "yakaipa" zvikamu zvemafuta zvinoshandurwa kuita makabhohaidhiretsi. Shanduko yeyakajairwa "mvura yemaminerari" kuita "synthetics" yemhando yepamusoro inoitika pasi pesimba remakemikari maitiro. Kune rimwe divi, HC-oiri inogadzirwa kubva mumafuta, senge mineral oiri, uye kune rimwe divi, iyo molecular chimiro chechigadziko chinoshanduka zvakanyanya. Iyo inoguma yakagadzirwa inorasikirwa zvachose maitiro emafuta emaminerari.

Kune marudzi akawanda e hydrocracking

Technology tekugadzira

Kuti uwane mufananidzo wakazara weGK-mafuta uchabvumira kudzidza kwekugadzira tekinoroji. Hydrocracking inzira yekunatsa base mineral oil, iyo inoita kuti zvikwanise kuunza hunhu hwechigadzirwa chekupedzisira padhuze ne synthetics. Hwaro hwemafuta mafuta, iyo molecular chimiro chinoshandurwa uchishandisa yakakosha makemikari maitiro. Kuchenesa kunosanganisira matanho matatu:

1. Dewaxing. Kubviswa kweparafini kubva mumafuta kunobatsira pakuwedzera kwechando chekuumbwa.
2. Hydrotreating. Panguva ino, zvikamu zvehydrocarbon zvakazadzwa nehydrogen uye nokudaro zvinoshandura chimiro chavo. Oiri inowana kuramba kune oxidation maitiro.
3. Hydrocracking ndiko kubviswa kwesarufa nenitrogen makomisheni. Panguva ino yekucheneswa, zvindori zvinotsemuka, zvisungo zvinozadzwa, uye cheni dzeparafini dzinodamburwa.

Kucheneswa kwematanho matatu kunobvumidza iwe kubvisa mafuta ekusvibiswa kusingakoshi uye kuwana kuumbwa kwemafuta kwakasiyana kubva kune yakajairwa mineral, synthetic kana semi-synthetic. Naizvozvo, vagadziri vanoisa HC-mafuta sechikamu chakasiyana chemafuta.

Hydrocracking tekinoroji

Mushure memaitiro ekunatsa, zvigadzirwa zvekugadzira zvinounzwa mumafuta kuti zvipe iwo ekupedzisira zvivakwa uye kugona kwemhando yepamusoro mafuta ekuzora.

Basic Properties

Nheyo yemafuta emota inokanganisa viscosity yavo. Mafuta akakora mamineral, iwo thinnest anogadzirwa. Mafuta eHydrocracking, pamwe chete nesemi-synthetic, iri pakati pechinzvimbo. Iyo peculiarity yeiyi lubricant ndeyekuti maererano nehunyanzvi hwekugadzira iyo iri padyo nemaminerari, uye maererano nemuviri uye makemikari zvivakwa - kune synthetic.

Oiri yerudzi urwu ine zvimiro zvezvose zvicherwa nemafuta ekugadzira.

Nheyo yakagadzirwa ne hydrocracking tekinoroji yakavandudza zvivakwa zvichienzaniswa neiyo mineral one. Mukutaura kwekuchena, mafuta akadaro ari pedyo neanogadzira, asi ane mari shoma shoma.

Zvakakosha! HC-synthesis inoita kuti zvikwanise kuwana lubricant ine viscosity index ye150 units, nepo mineral lubricant ine viscosity yemayuniti zana chete. Kuunzwa kwezvinowedzera zvinounza zvinyorwa zvehydrocracking padyo sezvinobvira kune zvekugadzira.

Kubatsira uye kuipa

Multi-stage distillation yemafuta nekuzotevera kupfumisa nezvinowedzerwa kunoita kuti HA mvura ive yemhando yepamusoro yekuzora mafuta. Zvakanakira zverubricant iyi ndezvizvi:

• Kushanda kunoshanda pasi pemakanika kana thermal overloads;
• Zvishoma zvehasha kune elastomers;
• Kupokana nekuumbwa kwemadhipoziti;
• kupikisa deformation;
• Optimum viscosity;
• Low coefficient of friction;
• High solubility yezvinowedzera;
• Kugadzikana kwezvakaitika.

Mafuta eHydrocracked ane zvakanakira uye nekuipa kwakasiyana

Nezvakanakira zviri pachena, rudzi urwu rweoiri ine akati wandei akakosha akashata:

• Kuwedzera evaporation;
• Tsika yekutsamwisa kuumbwa kwekuora;
• Kukurumidza kuchembera uye, somugumisiro, kudiwa kwekugara uchitsiviwa.

Pasinei nezvimwe zvikanganiso, varidzi vemotokari vakawanda vanotaura zvakanaka nezvekushandiswa kwayo. Panyaya yemhando, yakaderera zvishoma chete kune yakakwirira-kirasi maoiri ekugadzira ane mutengo wakakura. Kubatsira pane synthetics yemhando dzakafanana mutengo wakaderera zvakanyanya.

HC kana synthetic: chii chekusarudza uye nzira yekusiyanisa

Pakupera kwemakemikari shanduko yeHA base, maitiro ayo ari pamberi pemafuta emaminerari, asi haasviki pamwero wepamusoro-soro "synthetics". Pfungwa huru yevagadziri veoiri nyowani iri padyo nemhando dzekugadzira uku ichideredza mitengo yekugadzira. Nechifungidziro, kunyatsoteerera kwakaringana kwese maitiro etekinoroji kunogona kuvimbisa kugashira kwechigadzirwa icho chisinga siyane nechakagadzirwa. Zvisinei, kuoma kwakadaro kuchakanganisa pakarepo mutengo, saka chinangwa hachibviri kururamiswa. Naizvozvo, vagadziri vanosarudza "yegoridhe zvinoreva": hapana zvivakwa zvemamineral lubricant muchigadzirwa chitsva, asi haisati yagadzirwa.

Kusarudzwa kwemafuta kunofanirwa kuenderana nezvinodiwa zveinjini yemotokari

Asi indasitiri yemakemikari haisati ichigona kupa chero chinhu chakanaka kune varidzi vemotokari. Synthetics uye hydrocracking vane zvakanakira nekuipira kwavo:

1. Synthetic oiri inomira inoshamisa kuwandisa, kumhanya kwakanyanya, kupinda mukati mehuni inoumbwa pasina kukanganisa kunaka. "Synthetics" inoshanda kaviri kureba seHA uye inomira nekupisa.
2. Zvisinei, maererano nekugadzikana panguva yekuchinja kwekushisa, hydrocracking ine mukana wakajeka. Ichi chigadzirwa chinochengeta viscosity pane zvese zvakakwirira uye zvisingaite tembiricha. Nokudaro, inogona kushandiswa zvakachengeteka munguva yechando nezhizha. Zvakakwana kungochinja kana kuwedzera lubricant kakawanda pane "synthetics".
3. Paunenge uchishandisa GK-mafuta, iyo parameter yekutanga injini uye hunhu hwesimba rayo hunovandudzwa. Chigadzirwa chacho chine zvirinani zvekuzora zvivakwa zvichienzaniswa ne "synthetics". zvisinei, iyo yakaziviswa zvimiro zvezvinowedzera zvinorasikirwa nekukurumidza zvakakwana, uye mazera ekuzora.

Zvakakosha! Paunosarudza lubricant yeinjini, iwe unofanirwa kutarisa pane hunhu hwemota mota inoratidzwa mubhuku rekuraira. Izvo zvinodikanwa kufunga nezvemamiriro ekushanda kwemotokari: mune mamwe matunhu, mamiriro emigwagwa anokanganisa chiyero chekuvhara kwemafuta, saka hazvikurudzirwe kutenga chigadzirwa chinodhura chekushandisa kwenguva refu.

Kuchinja kubva kukugadzira kuenda kune hydrocracked mafuta

Iyo tekinoroji yemaitiro ekuchinja kubva kune yakagadzirwa kuenda kune hydrocracked oiri zvinoenderana nezera uye mamiriro einjini. Pamotokari yekare, mushure mekudonha, zviri nani kubvisa pani uye kubvisa tsvina yose uye soot, iyo isina huwandu hwekutsvaira hunobatsira kubvisa.

Maitiro ekuchinja oiri ari nyore uye ari mukati mesimba remuridzi wemota

Mumotokari itsva, zvakakwana kuita kaviri kuchinja mafuta. Mushure mokudhonza ma synthetics, vanozadza hydrocracking uye vanotyaira 200-300 km. Zvadaro chikamu ichi chemafuta chinodururwa uye chitsva chinodururwa.

Zvakakosha! Nyanzvi dzakawanda dzinofunga kuti kana uchichinja kubva kumafuta ekirasi yepamusoro kuenda kune imwe yakaderera, shanduko iri nyore yakakwana, pasina kutsvaira uye kuzadza.

Nzira yekusiyanisa mafuta e-hydrocracked kubva kune yakagadzirwa

Kana muridzi wemotokari asarudza mafuta emuoiri, angava nedambudziko rokuaziva. Iyo chete nhungamiro yevazhinji vasina ruzivo vatengi ndeye inoenderana kunyorwa pasuru. Vamwe vagadziri vanosarudza hydrocracking neLatin chidimbu HC. Asi kazhinji hapana chiratidzo chakadaro papakeji, saka mutengi anofanira kujairana neakasarudzika maficha echigadzirwa:

1. Mariro Mari yekugadzira yechigadzirwa cheHA yakanyanya kuderera pane "synthetics", saka mutengo wechigadzirwa chekupedzisira wakaderera zvakanyanya. Panguva imwecheteyo, mafuta aya anodhura kakawanda kupfuura mineral oil.
2. Hunhu husina kujeka muchirevo. IAmerican Petroleum Institute yakaenzanisa mafuta ehydrocracked neayo ekugadzira, saka vagadziri vazhinji vanounza kusanzwisisika mukutsanangurwa kwechikamu chechigadzirwa: havaiti "100% Synthetic" pane iyo label, asi nyora nezve kushandiswa kwe "synthetic technologies". Kana paine mazwi akafanana pabhangi, mafuta eHC ari pamberi pemutengi.

Kuti usiyanise mafuta e-hydrocracking kubva kune yakagadzirwa, unoda kuziva mamwe ma nuances

Izvi zviratidzo zvinongoratidzira zvisina kunanga hwaro hunoshandiswa nevagadziri. Zvinogoneka kunyatsosiyanisa hydrocracking kubva synthetics chete murabhoritari. Asi pane akati wandei zviratidzo zviri pachena zvaunofanira kutarisisa pakusarudza lubricant:

• Chinyorwa che "Vollsynthetisches" chakakwana kana iyo lubricant inogadzirwa muGermany: pano pfungwa yemafuta ekugadzira inotsanangurwa zvakajeka padanho remutemo;
• Mafuta akanyorwa 5W, 10W, 15W, 20W anogona kunge ari "hydrocracking" kana "semi-synthetics";
• ZIC oiri uye anenge ese ekutanga ekuzora emota dzeJapan anongori hydrocracked.

Vhidhiyo: Mafuta eHC

HYDROCRACKKING MAFUTA: CHAIZVO CHAIZVO

Nekuda kwechiyero chemutengo uye mhando, hydrocracking oiri ari kuwedzera mukurumbira. Nyanzvi dzinofanotaura kuti nekuvandudzwa nguva dzose kwekugadzira tekinoroji, rudzi urwu rwekuzora runogona kupfuura "synthetics" maererano nehuwandu hwekushandiswa.