Chii chinonzi kuwanda kwakasiyana mumudziyo wemota

Zvekugadzirira uye yemhando yepamusoro kupisa kwemhepo-musanganiswa wemafuta, pamwe nekubvisa zvinobudirira zvigadzirwa zvemoto, mota dzakashongedzerwa neyekudya uye yekupedza sisitimu. Ngationei kuti nei uchida kuwanda kwakawanda, kuti chii, uye nesarudzo dzekugadzirisa.

Chinangwa chekudya chakasiyana

Ichi chikamu chakagadzirirwa kuona kugoverwa kwemhepo uye VTS kumasirinda emota painenge ichimhanya. Mumagetsi emazuva ano, zvimwe zvinhu zvakaiswa pachikamu ichi:

• Throttle vharafu (mhepo vharuvhu);
• Inzwa yemhepo;
• Carburetor (mune carburetor kugadzirisa);
• Majekiseni (mune jekiseni mukati enjini dzinotsva);
• Iyo turbocharger iyo inomhanyisa inotyairwa neiyo yakawanda yekuzadza.

Isu tinopa vhidhiyo ipfupi nezve maficha echinhu ichi:

Kudya kwakawanda: mibvunzo inowanzo bvunzwa

Yakawanda dhizaini dhizaini uye kuvaka

Chimwe chezvinhu zvakakosha kwazvo chinokanganisa kugona kwemotokari chimiro chemuteresi. Iyo inoiswa muchimiro chechiteedzero chepombi dzakabatana mune rimwe bazi pombi. Sefa yemhepo inoiswa panoperera pombi.

Huwandu hwemapombi pane imwe mugumo zvinoenderana nenhamba yemasirinda mumota. Iyo yakawanda yekudyira yakabatana neyekuparadzira gasi mashandiro munzvimbo yemapipi ekudya. Imwe yekukanganisa kweVC kusanganisa kwemafuta pamadziro ayo. Kuchengetedza iyi mhedzisiro ye electrostatic reaction, mainjiniya vakagadzira pombi chimiro chinogadzira kusagadzikana mukati memutsara. Nechikonzero ichi, mukati mezvipombi zvakasiyiwa nemaune zvakashata.

Chimiro chemapaipi akawandisa chinofanirwa kuve nematanho chaiwo. Kutanga, turakiti harifanirwe kunge riine makona akapinza. Nekuda kweizvi, mafuta acho acharamba ari pamusoro pemapaipi, izvo zvinozotungamira mukuvhara chubhu uye nekushandura maparamendi emhepo.

Chechipiri, dambudziko rakajairika rekutakura iro mainjiniya vanoramba vachirwira nayo Helmholtz mhedzisiro. Kana vharuvhu yekudya ikavhurwa, mweya unomhanyira kune humburumbira. Mushure mekuvharwa kwayo, kuyerera kunoenderera nekufamba neinertia, uye zvobva zvadzoka nekukasira. Nekuda kweizvi, kumanikidza kwekumanikidza kunoitwa, uko kunokanganisa kufamba kwechikamu chinotevera mupombi yechipiri.

Izvi zvikonzero zviviri zviri kumanikidza vagadziri vemotokari kuti vagadzire zvirinani zvirinani izvo zvinopa kutaridzika kwekutora system.

Ainoita

Kukwezva kwakawanda kunoshanda nenzira yakapusa. Kana injini yatanga, vharafu yemhepo inovhura. Mukuita kwekutamisa iyo pisitoni kuenda kune yepazasi yakafa nzvimbo pane yekukweva sitiroko, chivharo chinogadzirwa mudumbu. Panongovhura vharuvhu inopinda, chikamu chemweya chinofamba nekumhanyisa mumhango yakasiiwa.

Munguva yekukweva danho, akasiyana maitiro anoitika zvichienderana nerudzi rwemafuta system.

• Mono jekiseni - chinotevera chikamu chemweya chinopihwa kubva kusefa. Iyo inopfuura nepakati pecarburetor kana mhango umo iyo injector yemafuta yakaiswa (kana iyo injini ine mota yejekiseni). Munzvimbo iyi, mweya wakasanganiswa nemafuta. Nekuda kwevhavha iri musilinda, chikamu ichi chakayamwa mukati mevhavha yakasimudzwa yeiyo yekudyira system;
• Multi-point jekiseni - Mumwe nemumwe mafuta majekiseni anoiswa mune yega yega pombi. Kana vheji inoenderana ichivhura, mweya unopihwa kuburikidza nepombi yakakodzera. Panguva imwecheteyo, iyo peturu inogadziriswa.
• Yakananga jekiseni - mweya chete unoyamwa mukati. Ivhavha yacho inoderedzwa, iyo pisitoni inodzvinyirira mweya musilinda. Pakupera kwekumanikidza, mafuta anopihwa pasi pekumanikidzwa kune yakasvikirwa svikiro kuburikidza neiyo injector. Mune dhiziri yemukati yemoto injini, yakafanana nzira inoitika, chete mweya wakatsimbirirwa zvakanyanya.

Injini dzese dzemazuva ano dzakashongedzerwa neyemagetsi system iyo inodzora kugoverwa kwemhepo uye mafuta. Izvi zvinoita kuti mota igadzikane. Izvo zviyero zvemabhuru zvakafananidzwa nematanho emota kunyangwe padanho rekugadzira iwo magetsi emagetsi.

Manifold chimiro

Ichi chinhu chakakosha kwazvo, icho chinopihwa kukosha kwakakosha mukugadzirwa kweiyo yekudyira system yeakasiyana enjini kuchinjisa. Mapaipi anofanira kunge aine chikamu chakatarwa, kureba uye chimiro. Iko kuvapo kwemakona akapinza, pamwe neakakombama curvature, hazvitenderwe.

Heano zvimwe zvikonzero nei kutarisisa kwakawanda kuchibhadharwa kune akawanda mapaipi ekudya:

1. Mafuta anogona kugadzikana pamadziro eiyo nzira yekudyira;
2. Munguva yekushanda kwesimba remagetsi, Helmholtz resonance inogona kuoneka;
3. Kuti iyo sisitimu iite mushe, maitiro echisikigo epanyama anoshandiswa, senge kumanikidza kunogadzirwa nemweya kuyerera kuburikidza neyakawandisa yakawanda.

Kana mafuta achiramba aripo pamadziro epombi, izvi zvinogona kukonzera kudzikisira kweturakiti, pamwe nekuvhara kwayo, zvinozokanganisa mashandiro eiyuniti yemagetsi.

Kana iri Helmholtz resonance, uyu ndiwo musoro wekare-musoro wevagadziri vanogadzira emagetsi emagetsi emazuva ano. Musimboti wechiitiko ichi ndechekuti kana iyovhavha yekudyara ikavhara, kumanikidza kwakasimba kunogadzirwa, uko kunosundira mweya kunze kwezvakawanda. Kana iyo inlet vharuvhu ikavhurwa, iyo yekumashure kumanikidza inokonzeresa kuyerera kuti kudhumane nekaunda kumanikidza. Nekuda kweichi chiitiko, iwo hunyanzvi hunhu hwekudyiwa system yemota, uye kusakara kwenzvimbo zvikamu zvinowedzerawo.

Inodya yakawanda shanduko masisitimu

Mashini ekare ane huwandu hwakaenzana. Nekudaro, iine imwe drawback - kushanda kwayo kunowanikwa chete pane yakaganhurirwa injini yekushandisa modhi. Kuti uwedzere huwandu, hunyanzvi hwekugadzira hwakagadzirwa - Variable Header Geometry. Pane maviri ekugadzirisa - kureba kwenzira kana chikamu chayo kuchinjwa.

Kureba kwakasiyana-siyana kunwa kwakawanda

Nadzurudzo iyi inoshandiswa mumhepo injini. Pakumhanya kwakadzika kwecrankshaft, iyo yekudyira nzira inofanira kunge yakareba. Izvi zvinowedzera kupindura kwemhepo uye torque. Nokukurumidza apo revs inowedzera, kureba kwayo kunofanira kuderedzwa kuratidza kuzara kugona kwemoyo wemota.

Kuti uwane izvi, vharafu yakakosha inoshandiswa, iyo inodimbura ruoko rukuru kubva kune diki uye zvinopesana. Maitiro acho anotongwa nemutemo wepanyama. Mushure mekuvhara vharuvhu yekudyiwa, zvinoenderana nekuwanda kwekushomeka kwemhepo kuyerera (izvi zvinokanganiswa nenhamba yekumhanyisa kweiyo crankshaft), kumanikidza kunoitwa, uko kunotyaira iyo yekuvhara-yekuvhara.

Iyi sisitimu inoshandiswa chete mumhepo dzedenga injini, nekuti mweya unomanikidzwa kupinda muzvikwata zvine turbocharged. Maitiro acho ari mukati mawo anotungamirwa nemagetsi echikamu chekutonga.

Imwe neimwe inogadzira inodaidza iyi sisitimu nenzira yayo: BMW ine DIVA, Ford ine DSI, Mazda ine VRIS.

Mhando dzakasiyana dzekudya

Kana iri nadzurudzo, inogona kushandiswa ese mumhepo uye emagetsi injini. Kana chikamu chemuchinjikwa chepombi yebazi chadzikira, mhepo yemhepo inowedzera. Munzvimbo inoshuvira, izvi zvinogadzira mhedzisiro ye turbocharger, uye mukumanikidza mamhepo masisitimu, dhizaini inoita kuti zvive nyore kune iyo turbocharger.

Nekuda kweiyo yakakwira kuyerera, iyo yemhepo-mafuta musanganiswa yakanyatso sanganisa, iyo inotungamira kune yepamusoro-mhando kupisa mumisilinda.

Vanotora vemhando iyi vane chimiro chepakutanga. Pamusuwo we humburumbira pane kanopfuura kamwe chete chiteshi, asi chakakamurwa kuita zvikamu zviviri - chimwe chevhavha imwe neimwe. Imwe yemavharuvhu ine damper iyo inodzorwa nemotokari zvemagetsi uchishandisa mota (kana vharuvhu yekugadzirisa inoshandiswa pachinzvimbo).

Pakumhanya kwakadzika kwechimoko, iyo BTC inodyiswa kuburikidza neburi rimwe - rimwe vharuvhu inoshanda. Izvi zvinogadzira nzvimbo yekusagadzikana, iyo inovandudza kusanganisa kwemafuta nemhepo, uye panguva imwechete kupisa kwayo kwepamusoro.

Injini painongomuka, mugero wechipiri unovhurwa. Izvi zvinotungamira mukuwedzera kwesimba yeyuniti. Sezvazviri mune yekushanduka kureba manifolds, vagadziri veiyi system vanopa zita ravo. Ford inotsanangura IMRC uye CMCV, Opel - Twin Port, Toyota - VIS.

Kuti uwane rumwe ruzivo nezvekuti vateresi vakadaro vanokanganisa sei magetsi emagetsi, ona vhidhiyo:

Wedzera simba reinjini pasina turbine! Zvese nezve iyo inoshanduka geometry muunganidzi.

Kudya kuwanda malfunctions

Zvikanganiso zvakajairika muhurongwa hwekudya ndeizvi:

• Kutyorwa kwekusimba panzvimbo yekumisikidza ye gaskets;
• Kuumbwa kwesipo uye tar pamadziro emukati;
• Kuumbwa kwedanho panzvimbo dzekubatanidza (chipingamupinyi che2 mm chakakwanira kuti injini yemagetsi idonhe neinosvika makumi maviri muzana, asi izvi zvinongova pakumhanya kwakaderera);
• Kupisa kupisa kubva padhuze kusvika kune yakawanda yekuwandisa.

Kazhinji, gaskets inorasikirwa nemidziyo kana mota ikanyanyisa kupisa kana kana mabheji ekusunga akasunungurwa.

Ngatitarisei kuti mamwe malfunctions ehuwandu hwekudya anoonekwa sei uye kuti anokanganisa sei kushanda kwemota.

Zvinotonhora zvinobuda

Kana mutyairi aona kuti huwandu hweantifreeze huri kudzikira zvishoma nezvishoma, paunenge uchityaira, kunhuwirira kusingafadzi kwekutonhora kunotonhorera, uye madonhwe eatsva antifreeze anoramba akasara pasi pemota, ichi chingave chiratidzo chekukanganisa kuwanda kwakawanda. Kuti zvive zvakanyatsojeka, kwete muunganidzi wacho, asi gasket rakaiswa pakati pepombi dzayo nemusoro wesilinda.

Pane mamwe injini, gaskets anoshandiswa ayo zvakare anovimbisa kuomarara kweinjini kutonhodza bhachi. Kukanganisa kwakadai hakugone kufuratirwa, nekuti zvichizoguma nekukanganisa kwakakomba kwechikwata.

Mhepo inodonha

Ichi ndicho chimwe chiratidzo cheyakawandisa yekudyira gasket. Unogona kuzviongorora zvinotevera. Injini inotanga, iyo firita yemhepo bazi pombi yakavharirwa neinenge 5-10 muzana. Kana shanduko dzikasadonha, zvinoreva kuti kuwanda kuri kuyamwa mweya kuburikidza negasket.

Kukanganisa kwevhavha muinjini yekudyara system kunokonzeresa kusagadzikana kusimba kumhanya kana kutadza kwakakwana kwechikwata chemagetsi kushanda. Nzira chete yekubvisa kusashanda kwakadaro kutsiva gasket.

Zvishoma kazhinji, kudonha kwemhepo kunogona kuitika nekuda kwekuparadzwa kwepombi yakawandisa (s) pombi. semuenzaniso, inogona kunge iri kutsemuka. Mhedzisiro yakafanana inoitika panotsemuka mafomu muhombodo yekuzorora. Muchiitiko ichi, zvikamu izvi zvinotsiviwa nezvitsva.

Kunyangwe zvishoma kazhinji, kubuda kwemhepo kunogona kuitika nekuda kwekushomeka kwezvakawanda zvekudya. Chikamu ichi chinoda kuchinjwa. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, vharuvhu inodonha kuburikidza neyakaremara manifold inoonekwa nehure inouya ichibva pasi pehood injini ichimhanya.

Carbon inoisa

Kazhinji, kusashanda kwakadaro kunoitika mumatanho e-turbocharged. Carbon deposits inogona kukonzera injini kurasikirwa nemagetsi, misfire uye kuwedzera mafuta kushandiswa.

Chimwe chiratidzo chekusashanda uku kurasikirwa kwekusungwa. Zvinoenderana nezinga rekuvhara mumapombi ekudyira. Inobviswa nekubvisa uye kuchenesa muunganidzi. Asi zvinoenderana nerudzi rwemutori, zviri nyore kutsiva pane kuichenesa. Izvi zvinodaro nekuti, mune dzimwe nguva, chimiro chemabhuru hachibvumidze kubviswa kwakakodzera kwemabhabhoni.

Zvinetso nekutora geometry shandura mavhavha

Iyo yakawanda mhepo inodzikisira mune dzimwe mota inofambiswa neyekuchenesa gadziriso, nepo mune mamwe iwo anofambiswa nemagetsi. Zvisinei ndedzipi mhando dzedampers dzinoshandiswa, zvinhu zverabha zviri mukati mavo zvinodzikira, kubva pane izvo dampers dzinomira kubata nebasa ravo.

Kana iyo damper dhiraivhu iri vuta, saka unogona kutarisa kushanda kwayo uchishandisa bhuku remberi pombi. Kana chishandiso ichi chisipo, saka sirinji yenguva dzose ichaita. Kana mota yemuchina ikawanikwa isipo, inofanira kutsiviwa.

Kumwe kusashanda kweiyo damper dhiraivha ndiko kukundikana kweiyo vacuum control solenoids (solenoid valves). Mune injini dzakashongedzerwa neyakawandisa yakawanda ine geometry inoshanduka, vharafu inogona kutyoka, iyo inogadzirisa nekushandura geometry yeturakiti. Semuenzaniso, inogona kuumbika kana inogona kunamira nekuda kwekabhoni yekuvaka. Muchiitiko chekusashanda kwakadaro, huwandu hwese hunofanira kutsiviwa.

Kugadziriswa kwezvakawanda kugadziriswa

Munguva yekugadziriswa kwemuteresi, iyo kuverenga kweiyo sensor yakaiswa mukati mayo inotanga kutorwa. Saka iwe unogona kuve nechokwadi chekuti iko kukanganisa kuri mune ino chaiyo node. Kana iko kuputsika kuri muzvizhinji, saka kwakabviswa kubva mumotokari. Maitiro acho anoitwa mumatanho akati wandei:

• Iyo peturu system yakabviswa;
• Zviteshi zvakabviswa kubva kubhatiri;
• Sefa yemhepo iri kubviswa;
• Vharafu vharafu inobviswa;
• Iwo ekumisikidza mabhaudhi ezvakawanda haana kukamurwa uye chikamu chinobviswa.

Izvo zvakakodzera kuti utarise kuti zvimwe zvikanganiso hazvigone kugadziriswa. Mavharuvhu nemadampers ndezveichi chikamu. Kana iwo akavhunika kana kushanda nguva nenguva, saka iwe unongoda kutsiva iwo. Kana iyo sensor ikatyoka, kuputswa kwegungano hakudiwe. Muchiitiko ichi, iyo ECU ichagamuchira kuverenga zvisiri izvo, izvo zvinotungamira mukugadzirira zvisirizvo kweBTC uye zvinokanganisa mashandiro emota. Diagnostics inokwanisa kuona kusashanda uku.

Panguva yekugadzirisa, kutarisisa kwakakodzera kunofanirwa kubhadharwa kune zvisimbiso zvakabatana. Gasket rakabvaruka rinokonzera kumanikidza kudonha. Kamwe kana huwandu hwacho hwabviswa, mukati mezvakawanda zvinofanirwa kucheneswa uye kubwinyiswa.

Collector Tuning

Nekushandura dhizaini yezvakawanda zvekudya, zvinokwanisika kugadzirisa hunhu hweyuniti yemagetsi. Kazhinji, muunganidzi anotariswa nezvikonzero zviviri:

1. Bvisa mhedzisiro yakaipa inokonzerwa nechimiro uye kureba kwemapaipi;
2. Kugadzirisa zvemukati, izvo zvinozovandudza kuyerera kwemhepo / musanganiswa wemafuta mumasirinda.

Kana iyo yakawanda iine asymmetrical chimiro, ipapo kuyerera kwemhepo kana mweya-mafuta musanganiswa ichagoverwa zvakaenzana pamusoro pemasilindiri. Mazhinji evhoriyamu anozoendeswa kune yekutanga silinda, uye kune yega yega inotevera - diki.

Asi vateresi vakaenzana vane zvayakaipira. Mune dhizaini iyi, vhoriyamu hombe inopinda mumasirinda epakati, uye diki mune yekunze. Sezvo iyo yemhepo-musanganiswa wemafuta wakasiyana mune akasiyana masirinda, iwo masystem eiyo unit unit anotanga kushanda zvisina kuenzana. izvi zvinoita kuti mota irasikirwe nesimba rayo.

Mukuita kwekugadzirisa, yakajairwa manifold inoshandurwa kuita system ine yakawanda-yekumhanyisa kudya. Mune ino dhizaini, humburumbira imwe neimwe ine vharuvhu yemunhu. Kutenda neizvi, kwese kuyerera kwemhepo kunopinda mumota kunozvimiririra kune mumwe nemumwe.

Kana pasina mari yekumhanyisa yakadaro, unogona kuzviita iwe pachako uine shoma kana isina mari yekudyara. Kazhinji, zvakajairika manifolds ane zvemukati zvikanganiso muchimiro chekuomarara kana zvisina kufanira. Ivo vanogadzira kusagadzikana kunogadzira zvisina basa kusagadzikana munzira.

Nekuda kweizvi, masirinda anogona kuzadza zvisina tsarukano kana kusaenzana. Mhedzisiro iyi kazhinji haina kunyanyo kuoneka pakumhanya kwakaderera. Asi kana mutyairi achitarisira mhinduro nekukasira peturu, mumainjini akadaro haagutsikane (zvinoenderana nehunhu hwemutoreri).

Kuti abvise mhedzisiro yakadaro, iyo yekudyira turakiti yakasungwa. Uyezve, haufanire kuunza iyo nzvimbo kune yakanaka mamiriro (girazi-senge). Izvo zvakaringana kubvisa hukasha. Zvikasadaro, kupisa kwemafuta kunozoita pamadziro mukati megirazi rekutakura regirazi.

Uye kumwe kunyengera. Kana uchivandudza kuwanda kwakawanda, munhu haafanire kukanganwa nezvenzvimbo yekumisikidzwa kwayo painjini. Iyo gasket yakaiswa munzvimbo iyo pombi dzakabatana kune iyo humburumbira musoro. Chinhu ichi hachifanirwe kugadzira nhanho, nekuda kwekuti rwizi rwunouya rwuchasangana nechipingamupinyi.

Mhedziso + VIDEO

Nekudaro, kufanana kwekushanda kwesimba remagetsi kunoenderana nechinoratidzika sechikamu chakareruka cheinjini, kuwanda kwakawanda. Kunyangwe hazvo chokwadi kuti muunganidzi haazi weboka rezvimisikidzo, asi nechokunze chiri chikamu chiri nyore, kushanda kweinjini kunoenderana nechimiro, kureba uye mamiriro emadziro emukati emapombi ayo.

Sezvauri kuona, kuwanda kwekutora chikamu chiri nyore, asi kushanda kwayo kunogona kukonzera kunetseka kumuridzi wemota. Asi usati watanga kuigadzirisa, unofanirwa kutarisa mamwe masisitimu ane zviratidzo zvakafanana zvekusashanda zvakanaka.

Heino vhidhiyo ipfupi nezvekuti chimiro chekudya chakasiyana chinokanganisa mashandiro eiyo powertrain:

Kunwa uye kupedza zvakawanda - chii icho? Zvakangooma.

Mibvunzo nemhinduro:

Iko kuwanda kwakawanda kuri kupi? Icho chikamu chekubatanidzwa kwemota. Mune macarburetor mayuniti, ichi chinhu cheiyo yekudyira system iri pakati pecarburetor uye cylinder musoro. Kana mota iri injector, saka yakawanda yekudyira inongobatanidza iyo yemhepo firita module kune maburi anoenderana mumusoro we cylinder. Mafuta ejekiseni, zvinoenderana nerudzi rwemafuta, ichaiswa mukati meye mapaipi akawanda kana mukati memusoro wesilinda.

Chii chinosanganisirwa mukuwandisa kuwanda? Iyo yakawanda yekudyira ine mapaipi akati wandei (huwandu hwayo hunoenderana nenhamba yemasiringi muinjini) yakabatana mupombi imwe. Inosanganisira pombi kubva kumhepo firita module. Mune mamwe masisitimu emafuta (majekiseni ejekiseni), majekiseni emafuta anoiswa mumapombi akakodzera injini. Kana iyo mota ichishandisa carburetor kana mono jekiseni, chinhu ichi chichaiswa munzvimbo yekubatanidza iyo pombi dzese dzekudya dzakabatana.

Chii chinonzi kudya kwakawanda? Mumota dzekare, mweya unopihwa uye wakasanganiswa nemafuta mune yakawanda yekudyira. Kana muchina wacho wakashongedzerwa nejekiseni yakananga, ipapo huwandu hwekudya hunoshanda chete kuti hupe chikamu chitsva chemhepo.

Ko kuwanda kwekudya kunoshanda sei? Kana injini yatanga, mweya mutsva unobva pasefa yemhepo unoyerera nemukuwanda kwekutora. Izvi zvinoitika kungave nekuda kwekusundirwa kwechisikigo kana nekuda kwekuita kweturbine.