Chii chinonzi kombi
Zviri mukati
Muna 1896, mapiyona maviri eindasitiri yemotokari akatanga chitsauko chakakosha munhoroondo yekutakura nzira. Mwaka uno, yekutanga mota ine mota kubva kuDaimler, Motoren-Gesellschaft, yakaendeswa kumutengi muLondon.
Iyi mota yaive nePenieniin twin-cylinder engine yakagadzira kumhanya kwepamusoro kwema7 mph uye yaive nemubhadharo we1500, XNUMX kg. Kune mibvunzo mizhinji pamusoro pekuti mota yanga iri rori kana kombi, asi nematanho ezuva ranhasi, chingave chinzvimbo chinotakura kombi.
Mugore rimwe chetero, Karl Benz akagadzira mota yakaita sevani yakavakirwa pane chassis yechimotokari cheyake dhizaini. Yaishandiswa kuendesa zvinhu kuchitoro chebazi muParis.
Muchokwadi, maingova muma1950 nema60s mavagadziri makuru vakatanga kugadzira, kugadzira uye kugadzira emhando dzemota dzatinoziva nhasi, mazhinji acho achiri kugadzirwa.
Semuenzaniso, Volkswagen Type 2 (T1), yakavhurwa muna 1950, yaive chizvarwa chekutanga cheVW Transporter vans. Iyi mota yemotokari ichiri kugadzirwa nhasi uye ikozvino yasvika kune yayo T6 iteration.
Zvichakadaro, Ford yekutanga kupfeka bheji rakakurumbira re "Transit" yaive koni yakavakwa pamugadziri weCologne chirimwa muna 1953. Nekudaro, kombi iyi haina kutumirwa kunze kwenyika zvakanyanya uye tag ye "Mark 1" yakashandiswa zvakanyanya kuBritish Ford Transit van yakagadzirwa pakati pa1965 na1978.
Koni imhando yemotokari inonyanya kushandiswa kutakura zvinhu zvakanyanya kana vanhu. Inowanzoita kunge cubic muchimiro, kureba uye kureba kupfuura mota asi idiki pane marori. Zvipingamupinyi zvinotakura zvinhu zvinowanzoiswa kuseri kwezvigaro zvemberi zvemavans akawanda kudzivirira kukuvara kunokonzerwa nekukasira kudzikira kwemotokari kana kutakura zvinhu. Dzimwe nguva magonhi anoiswa zvipingamupinyi zvinotakura zvinhu zvinobvumira vatyairi kupfuura nepanzvimbo inotakura zvinhu. Izwi rekuti van for vehicles raitaridza kupokana kune izwi rekuti caravan. Maererano netsanangudzo yekutanga yengoro, ingoro yakavharwa inoshandiswa kutakura zvinhu.
Motokari idzi hadzisi dzenguva yakapfuura. Nekudaro, vanhu vazhinji vanosarudza kutenga mavan sezvo vachipa yakawanda nzvimbo, kuita kuti kufamba kuve kwakanaka uye inzira yakachengeteka yekufambisa. Iyi imotokari huru yemhuri huru. Zvichienderana nezvinodiwa nevatengi, kune akawanda mavhani anowanikwa pamusika: yakazara-saizi van, mutyairi, minibus nevamwe vazhinji. Mamwe mavhani ane mukurumbira anogona kuonekwa mumigwagwa ikozvino Nissan Quest LE, Toyota Sienna XLE, Subaru 360 van.
Van: zvakasarudzika maficha
Kana munhu asina kunyatsoziva mota, asi achida kunzwisisa kombi padyo naye kana mota yakajairika, zvakakwana kuti unzwisise kuti dhizaini uye zvakasarudzika zvemhando iyi yemota zvinoenderana nei.
Iyo motokari
Kana mota yemhuri yako iri yenguva dzose sedan, station wagon, kana hatchback, saka imota inotakura vanhu.
Mota dzakagadzika kana kupeta zvigaro zvetsime, mahwindo uye madhoo evapfuuri uye bhuti rebhutsu rinokwira kubva pasi kumusoro.
Van
Mota inoonekwa sevani kana iine rimwe kana anopfuura eanotevera mabasa:
1. Dzinopfuura nzvimbo sere
2. Nzvimbo mbiri jongwe (nzvimbo yakasarudzika yevatyairi nevafambi kubva kumashure kwemota)
3.Kutora kamuri kumashure, yakagadzirirwa zvakananga kutakura zvinhu (kana isina denga)
4. Kana muchina usina mahwindo kumashure kwepaneru
5. Kana huwandu hwakatakura hwemotokari hwadarika 1000 kg
6. Kana chinangwa chayo chepakutanga chaive chekutengesa uye chekumba
Kurongwa
Vans izvozvi zviri kuwedzera kuwedzera kufarirwa munyika yanhasi. Kunyanya, ivo vari kudiwa pakati pevanhu vanogara kure neguta kuti vatenge huwandu hwakawanda hwezvinhu zvavanoda ivo, kana kubva kune vezvemabhizinesi kuti vafambise kuendesa kwezvinhu. Mota dzinogona kuisirwa mumhando huru dzinoverengeka:
Dhirivhari vans
Idzo mota zvivakwa zvakagadzirwa pahwaro hwevapfuuri vemhando ye "chiteshi chengoro". Ivo vanosiyana pakuti rakakosha dumba rakaiswa pamushini wakadai, uri kuseri kwekombi yemutyairi.
All-simbi mavhani
Mune ino dhizaini, nzvimbo inowanikwa mutyairi uye chikamu chemutoro hachina kukamurwa muzvikamu zvakasiyana. Mazhinji emotokari dzemotokari dzinogona kuverengerwa zviri nyore kukirasi iyi.
Mabhokisi emabhokisi
Mune ino kesi, iko iko kwemutoro kwakaparadzaniswa nekombi yemutyairi. Izvi zvinobvumira mhando dzakasiyana dzemabhokisi kuti dziiswe mumushini pamafremu akafanogadzirirwa. Chaizvoizvo, urwu rudzi rwevans runowanikwa pakati pekutengesa mota.
Kuita kwevan kungasiyana zvichienderana nekuti muviri wakagadzirwa sei. Kutaura nezvemhando yezvigadzirwa zvevan, zvinotevera zvinogona kusiananiswa:
Wireframe
Dhizaini yerudzi urwu rwevha ine simbi yakasimba kwazvo. Sheathing zvinhu zvakasungirirwa pairi zvichiteerana. Aya anogona kuve awnings, kwakakurudzira simbi, plywood yemhando dzakasiyana, furo mapaneru, nezvimwe.
Frameless
Dhizaini yakadaro yemavans inoenderana nesandwich panels, ine maviri ekunze uye anovhara mapaneru ane akati wandei emukati uye ekunze matanda. Zvese izvi zvinopa kuvandudzwa kwekuiswa chisimbiso uye kwakadzika kwemafuta kudziyisa kwevan. Kuti ubatanidze chimiro chakadai, furemu haidiwe.
Aina
Ndeapi marudzi emaveni anowanikwa?
Ngatitarisei mamwe emhando dzakakurumbira uye kududzirwa kwemaveni, akarongedzwa nehukuru uye mhando:
Zvidhori zvidiki
Saizi chinhu chakakosha chevhavha, zvekuti inogona kuve yakakosha kutarisisa kupfuura mhando yevha. Madhiraivha madiki seCitroen Berlingo ane vhiri pfupi uye anokwanisa kufambisa, asi zviri pachena anopa mashoma mubhadharo.
Medium vans
Yakanyatsovhara musiyano uripo pakati pemadhiri madiki uye mahombe, emahombekombe epakati anopa nzvimbo yakawanda yekuchengetera pamwe nekufamba kwakasununguka hakuna kumbosiyana nemota yenguva dzose yemutyairi. MaCamper vans uye epakati-mapaneru emota dzakadai seFord Transit Tsika dzinoiswa pakati sevani dzepakati.
Mahombekombe akakura
Kupa yakanyanya kubhadharwa mutero, makuru maveni ane vhiri refu vhiri uye inopa yakatsetseka dhiraidhi yekutenda kune yakawanda nzvimbo pakati pemakona. Mahombekombe akakura seLuton / mabhokisi emabhokisi, Mercedes-Benz Sprinter ndiwo maveni makuru.
Kutora / 4 × 4
Mifananidzo yacho inozivikanwa nyore sezvo iine kamuri yakavhurika yekutakura zvinhu kumashure kumashure kwekati, seMitsubishi L200. Zvakare inoonekwa setiraki, iyi mhando yevan inowanzouya mune maviri kana mana vhiri uye inofarirwa nevanhu vakajaira kutenga mune kamwe chete.
Makombi eCombi
Inokwanisa kutakura zvakasununguka vanhu uye / kana nhumbi, mazhinji combo kana emota dzevakwikwidzi dzinosanganisira kupeta zvigaro kuti uwedzere kuwedzera nzvimbo yenhumbi. Mienzaniso yemakombi akabatanidzwa anosanganisira iyo Renault Trafic.
Minibus
Yakakura kumhuri hombe, makombi uye mota dzinoverengeka dzine zvigaro zvinomwe zvevapfuuri, zviviri zvacho zvinofanirwa kupeta zvakadzika pasi. Rudzi urwu rwevan rinofanira kupa nyaradzo uye hukuru, sezvinoita Volkswagen Caravelle.
Luton / bhokisi van
Rudzi urwu rwevhani runosanganisira muviri wakavharwa - nzvimbo yakareba, yakaenzana inotakura zvinhu - ine kabhu yakaparadzana uye kazhinji yakafara kupfuura vheni yepaneru. Muenzaniso weLuton van ndiyo Peugeot Boxer. Iyi mhando yevan inofarirwa nevafambisi uye vatyairi vekutakura, sezvo chimiro cheskweya chinoita kuti zvive nyore kuendesa mapakeji akakura kana mitoro yakawanda. Aya mavhani anowanzo svikika chete kubva kumagonhi ekumashure uye kazhinji ane zvinosimudza kuita kuti kurodha kuve nyore, sezvo achiwanzo kwira kubva pasi.
Radza rori / inodonha van
Kunyatsotaura, marori ekurasa kana mavhani ekudonha imhando yerori, asi nepuratifomu inosimuka kumberi kuti "inopa" zviri mukati kumashure. Mamwe marori ekurasa zvakare anobvumidza iwe kurerekera kune chero divi, pamwe nekumashure, seFord Transit Dropside.
Mibvunzo nemhinduro:
Imhandoi dzemotokari dzekutakura dziripo? Kune mavhani ane awning, mafiriji, isothermal, "butterflies" (mativi emativi anosimuka, izvo zvinoita kuti zvive nyore kurodha / kuburitsa van).
Ndeapi marudzi emavans aripo? Mhando yevan inoenderana nechinangwa chayo. Kune chingwa, isothermal, "sandwiches", kugadzirwa kwezvinhu, mafiriji, awning, vans (yakashandurwa motokari), zvose-simbi, mabhokisi (zvichienderana nerori).
Chii chinonzi kutakura zvinhu? Idzi imotokari dzine chikamu chakasiyana chekutakura, uye kureba kwemotokari kunopfuura mamita matanhatu. Ichi chikamu chinosanganisirawo mota dzinopfuura 6 metres.
