Chii chinonzi bhazi, mhando uye mhando

Kune akati wandei mamirioni emabhazi mumigwagwa kutenderera pasirese zuva rega rega. Nyika dzakasiyana, asi chinangwa chebhazi chakangofanana: kutakura vanhu kubva kune imwe nzvimbo kuenda kune imwe nemari shoma (tichienzanisa nechitima, ndege, semuenzaniso).

Sayenzi, bhazi mota yaunogona kutakura kubva kune vasere vasere panguva.

Zvazvinotaridza mukati nekunze

Iyo yekufambisa inofambiswa nemota. Anogona kufamba achitevedza mitsara yemugwagwa, enda kumashure. Izvi zvinozvisiyanisa kubva kuchitima. Haasi ese mabhazi ane ma conductor. Mazuva ano, mota zhinji dzine "madhesiki emari" ekubhadhara zvisina kufanira kana makadhi ekubhadhara.

Kubva kunze, bhazi rinotaridzika senge mota refu ine mavhiri mana uye zvimwe zvinhu, yakafara girazi remhepo, mahwindo akazara mukamuri rese, aine madhoo maviri makuru. Mawindo epadivi ari pamusoro peyero yemutyairi yekuona, ma "wiper" akakura uye haamhanye nekukurumidza.

Dhizaini iyi inotevera - mukati mebhazi pane nguva dzose 2 "zvikamu": mufambi uye chigaro chemutyairi. Kutakura hakuna chikamu chakakosha, asi kazhinji kune mutsara wakatwasuka kuseri kwechigaro chemutyairi, ndiko kuti, hazvibviri kuswedera kumutyairi kubva kumashure. Yakagadzirirwa kuchengetedza.

Bhazi rega rega rine zvigaro zvepurasitiki zvakafukidzwa nemachira kana zvimwewo zvinhu. Kuwanda kwezvigaro kunoenderana nehurefu hwemotokari. Nzvimbo yekumira inoverengerwa zvakasiyana pabhazi rega rega. Iyo inokwenenzvera mhedzisiro yehuwandu hwemaawa mukufamba pane zvekufambisa haina kunyanya kugadzirwa.

Zvinodiwa kuti kabhini, zvigaro uye zvimwe zvinhu

Bhazi rakagadzirirwa kufamba kwakachengeteka, kwakachipa uye wakasununguka kutenderera guta. Kuti uite zvinangwa izvi, runyorwa rwezvinodiwa zvezvigaro uye dhizaini zvakagadzirwa.

Izvi zvinosanganisira mamwe marongero anowanikwa chete kune mutyairi. Zvokudzimisa moto, zvekutanga zvekubatsira, "sando" dzekutyora windows mune emergency - zvese zvinofanirwa kunge zviripo pabhazi. Yakawedzera peturu, mavhiri, seti yematurusi, mvura zvakare inosungirwa zvinodiwa kuti mota dzibudiswe murukova.

Makirasi akasiyana emabhazi ane yavo mirau yekufamba. Rondedzero yemabhazi yakagadzwa, yakakamurwa kuita mashanu makirasi. Semuenzaniso, nyeredzi imwe uye, nekudaro, 5 kirasi ndeyekutakurwa kwakagadzirwa nzendo pfupi kutenderera guta kana kuenda kunharaunda iri pedyo (kusvika pamaminitsi makumi mana) Kirasi 1 - mabhazi ane mamiriro akasununguka ekufamba mudzimba kana kushanya pane madaro mafupi, zvichingodaro, 1, 40 (akajairwa makirasi). Kirasi 2 - yakasarudzika.

Zvigaro, nhambwe dzemakumbo, maair conditioner - zvese zvakapetwa zvakasiyana pafekitori kana kushoma kazhinji nemutakuri / mutyairi.

Kupatsanurwa kwemabhazi

Mabhazi akasiyana zvakanyanya. Ne dhizaini, nzira yekufamba, huwandu hwemidziyo, dhizaini, saizi Ngatitarisei akati wandei kupatsanurwa.

Kuti uende

Kune nzendo muguta, imwe mhando yekufambisa inoshandiswa, yenzira dzemuguta - yechipiri, yevashanyi - yechitatu.

Guta... Inoshandiswa kutakura vanhu muguta, kunyanya mumigwagwa yakati sandara. Bhazi rinogara riine nzvimbo zhinji dzekugara nekufamba takamira. Mabhazi mazhinji anoshandisa madhoo maviri, dzimwe nguva chetatu chinoonekwa. Izvo zvakagadzirirwa kubuda nekukurumidza uye kupinda kwevatakurwi. Idzo mota dzine pasi pezasi, dzakagadzikana dzakajeka handrails, nzvimbo hombe dzekumira nzvimbo. Mafekitori anogadzira mwenje wekuwedzera, yekudziya michina (yerwendo rwakagadzikana chero nguva yegore). Rudzi urwu rwebhazi rinotendeuka nekukurumidza mumigwagwa.

Suburban... Inoshandiswa kutyaira kubva kune rimwe guta uchienda kune rimwe. Kune nzvimbo zhinji dzekugara mukutakura uye panenge pasina nzvimbo yekumira. Iri bhazi riri kugadzirirwa iro rese reguta nemuguta rekutyaira. Mukuenzanisa nemhando yapfuura, ine kumhanya kwakakwirira.

Mushanyi... Kutakura kure kure kune mamwe maguta / nyika. Iko hakuna nzvimbo dzekumira, chete vakagara. Mabhazi ane nzvimbo yekutakura zvinhu, nzira yakatetepa uye zvigaro zvakawanda zvine chinhambwe chakakura pakati pemitsara yekufamba zvakanaka. Firiji, chimbuzi, wadhiropu inogona kuoneka mukutakura. Zvinoenderana nekwaunosvika uye yakazara nguva yekufamba. Izvo zvinorambidzwa kupfuudza kumhanya uku uchifamba, zvinorambidzwa kumira nekukasirawo.

Pane zvakatarwa chaizvo zvekushanya kwevashanyi. Semuenzaniso, panofanirwa kuve nechigaro chakatsenhama, chitsiko chetsoka, mahwindo makuru epanoramic, chikamu chakazara chemikwende chakadzika, michina yekufefetedza. Mabhazi akasiyana anogadzirwa munzvimbo dzakasiyana dzenyika. Kumaguta ekuchamhembe, iko kusimbisa kuri kupisa, kuputira inzwi, uye kudzivirira mhepo. Kune vekumaodzanyemba - firimu rekudzivirira zuva, mhando yepamusoro yemhepo. For gomo - retarder, dzakachinjwa chigaro mabhandi.

Nokukwanisa

Unyanzvi huwandu hwekugara uye nzvimbo dzekumira. Yakaratidzwa pane panieri kuseri kwemutyairi. Kazhinji kubva pazvigaro makumi matatu uye nezvimwe. Iko kugona kwemabhazi emhando dzakasiyana kwakasiyanawo. Semuenzaniso, zvifambiso zvemumaguta zvinosanganisira zvese zvakagara uye zvakamira nzvimbo - kazhinji zvinowanzove zvizhinji zvacho. Bhazi revashanyi rinongotakura vafambi munzvimbo yekugara, saka huwandu hwacho hwakadzikira.

Nehukuru

Kupatsanurwa kwekare (nekwanisi) zvinonyatsoenderana nematanho: kureba uye upamhi hwemotokari. Kune aya anotevera tekinoroji marudzi emabhazi:

· Kunyanya diki - kusvika pamamita mashanu;

Diki - anosvika 7,5 metres, anosanganisira anosvika makumi mana zvigaro;

· Pakati - kusvika pamamirimita 9,5, inosanganisira zvigaro zvinosvika makumi matanhatu neshanu;

· Huru - kusvika pamamita gumi nemaviri, inosanganisira kusvika pazvigaro zana;

Yakawedzera yakakura - inosvika pa16,5 inosanganisira inosvika pazvigaro zana (kureba kunowedzera nekuda kwekuwanikwa kwezvinhu: chimbuzi, firiji, nezvimwewo).

Nehuwandu hwepasi

Zvese zviri nyore apa. Vakasarudzika-deckers mabhazi echinyakare. Imwe-nehafu-nyaya - iyo nzvimbo yakapihwa mukamuri yemukwende, uye zvigaro "zvinokwira". Double-decker - vashanyi, vanoona mabhazi, ari kudiwa kunze kweRussia.

Nemhando yemuviri, marongerwo uye magadzirirwo

Sezvineiwo, ese mabhazi mamodheru anogona kukamurwa kuita mutsauko une uye usina hood (rudzi rwengoro). Muchiitiko chekutanga, dhizaini yebhazi iri maviri-vhoriyamu (pakuona, mota iri kunze kwekamuri yevatakuri). Mhando yengoro yemuviri ndeye-vhoriyamu (iyo injini yemukati iri mukati mekabhini).

Nemhando yemuviri, dhizaini uye dhizaini, mabhazi akakamurwa kuva modhi ne:

• Mberi-yakaiswa mota;
• Injini yepakati;
• Rear-mounted motor;
• Cabover design;
• The hood;
• High floor;
• Pasi pasi;
• Kuvakwa kwakarongeka;
• Single design;
• Kuvakwa kwenhurikidzwa mbiri;
• Chimiro chimwe-nehafu-chinyorwa;
• Terminal chimiro;
• Trailer;
• Semi-trailer.

Nenhamba yemasaroni

Kurongeka uku kunosanganisira marudzi maviri emitumbi. Chikamu chekutanga chinosanganisira imwe- kana maviri-vhoriyamu mabhazi ane chete kabhini, zvisinei nehukuru hwayo. Chikamu chechipiri chinosanganisira mamodheru ane muviri wakataurwa (iyo inonzi "accordion"). Muchigadziro chakadaro, panogona kuva maviri kana kupfuura salons, akabatanidzwa nenzira yechikamu chinofambiswa.

Imwe neimwe yekuwedzera salons yakakwana. Kutenda kune izvi, bhazi rakadaro rinokwanisa kutakura nhamba huru yevatakuri pasina kukanganisa kunyaradza kwavo. Asi kuti utore zvifambiso zvakadaro, unofanirwa kuwana hunyanzvi hwekuita. Imwe bhenefiti yemasaloons akataurwa ndeyekuti vafambi vanotakurwa nekukurumidza sezvinobvira nekuda kwenhamba huru yemagonhi.

Kureba

Muchikamu ichi, mabhazi ese akakamurwa kuita mapoka matatu:

1. Kirasi diki - bhazi rine kureba kwe7.5 metres uye mashoma 4.5 metres.
2. Iyo yepakati kirasi muenzaniso ine kureba kwemamita 8 kusvika 9.5.
3. Kirasi yakakura - mabhazi makuru, kureba kwaro kunopfuura mamita gumi uye anogona kusvika 17 mamita.

Muchikamu chidiki nehukuru, mabhazi akakamurwa kuita:

• Kunyanya diki - kusvika pamamita mashanu kureba.
• Diki - kureba kubva matanhatu kusvika 7.5 m.
• Pakati - kureba 8-9.5 mamita.
• Huru - kureba kubva 10.5 kusvika 12 mamita.
• Kunyanya yakakura - kureba kunodarika mamita gumi nemaviri.

Zvimwe zviratidzo zvekupatsanura

Pamusoro pezvo, kune emberi-injini uye kumashure-injini mabhazi. Izvo zvinogadzirwa nemhando dzakasiyana, zvifambiso zvinotengwa zvakasiyana. Kune mabhoneti uye emabhazi emagetsi. Kazhinji iyo yekupedzisira ine "kumeso" yakati sandara, vanoswedera padhuze nemota uye vanomesa kuyerera mune jam traffic. Edza kutora nzvimbo shoma kana zviri nyore mazwi. Kune zvakare akakwirira dhizaini, pasi pasi - akapatsanurwa zvikamu.

Maererano nerudzi rweinjini, peturu, dhiziri, uye gasi zvinozivikanwa. Mabhazi egasi akapararira, asi mabhazi edhiziri ari kudiwawo. Motokari dze peturu hadziwanzo kuzivikanwa nekuda kwemafuta emafuta

Mabhazi akakosha

Mabhazi akakosha pakutanga aive "akajairika". Dzakashandurwa, zvakanamirwa pamotokari, vatyairi vakapiwa chinangwa chakatarwa uye imwe nzira yakapihwa.

Ratidza:

Kurapa... Izvi hazvireve yakatarwa-nzira tekisi, asi izere-yakazara bhazi. Inogadzira timu yekumutsiridza kana rabhoritari. Hazviwanzo kuonekwa muguta nemumasabhabha. Iyo inoshandiswa tsaona dzakakomba, kutakura vanhu kubva kune chimwe chipatara kuenda kune chimwe.

Chikoro... Base - chero bhazi, rekare, idzva. Sarudzo inoshandiswa kutakura vana mudhorobha nekupfuura. Kazhinji zvinowanzoonekwa mumisha / mataundi / madhorobha-emisha. Vana vanounzwa ikoko kune yekuwedzera kana yekutanga dzidzo. Zvinoitika seizvi: bhazi rinotakura vana kubva kumatunhu akasiyana enharaunda uye rinovaendesa kunzvimbo imwe. Kumirira, kutora kumashure. Muguta, mota inoshandiswa panguva yekushanya kana nenzira imwecheteyo: kutakura vana kubva kune imwe nzvimbo kuenda kune imwe. Zvifambiso zvinofanirwa kuve zvakagadzirwa nemabhandi epachigaro, zvigaro zvakagadzirirwa vana, kune mashoma handrails. Ruvara rwebhazi runogara rwakajeka rweyero, iine tsvuku yakanyorwa kuti "VANA" uye chiratidzo chinoenderana pahwindo remberi uye kumashure windows.

Kutenderera... Vanhu vanoidaidza kuti "tarisa". Inoshandiswa kutakura vashandi kuenda nekudzoka kubva kubasa. Kwete zvakawanda zvakasiyana nemamwe mabhazi. Chinamira pamusoro penzvimbo yesangano chinogona kusungirirwa kutakuri kuitira kuti vamwe vanhu vasavhiringidze bhazi rinotenderera nebhazi reguta.

Kushambadzira... Kune maviri marudzi. Rudzi rwekutanga mutyairi nemidziyo mumuviri, iyo, ichishandisa gudzanzwi kana masipika, kugovera ruzivo kuvanhu. Rudzi rwechipiri runosanganisira mutyairi uye nechikwata chevanhu vanotyaira vakatenderedza guta, vanomira munzvimbo dzinonyanya kubatikana uye vanotaura kushambadza.

Tsika... Pane chakakosha chinodiwa chemabhazi: panofanirwa kuve nemaketeni, machira kana kupenda pamahwindo mukamuri. Yambiro yekucherechedza maziso uye yevanotenda mumashura - kubva paziso rakaipa.

Kununura basa... Yakasimbiswa mumavara akajeka. Mukati memidziyo, vanhu 4-5. Vanotyaira nekukurumidza, kana zvichibvira, vanofanirwa kusiya nzira.

Apron... Ivo vanoendesa vafambi kubva mundege kuenda kuairport uye zvinopesana. Vane nzvimbo shoma dzekugara - vangangoita gumi yebhazi rese, nhanho dzakadzika, mawoko mazhinji, uye yakawanda nzvimbo yekumira. Dzimwe nguva manera akasungirirwa kutakura - hautombodi kuburuka mubhazi.

Kutarisa... Iyo inonzi zvakare yekuzvifambisa yega, kunyangwe paine mutyairi mukati. Nguva dzose pamusoro pekutakura kwevanhu. Yakajeka kunze, yakagadzikana mukati. Mahwindo anogona kuve akavhurika hafu munguva yezhizha. Iko kune zvakare mamodheru ane akavhurika kumusoro kana maviri-nhurikidzwa. Rudzi urwu runogara ruchishandurwa nekushandurwa.

Zvizhinji zvehunhu hwekufambisa kwemazuva ano kwevanotakura vanhu

Models kubva kuUSSR dzinomira kutyaira mumigwagwa. Panzvimbo pavo, nyowani, yakanyarara kutakura yakagara yakatangwa. Inotaridzika yakanaka kubva kunze uye yakashongedzerwa ruzivo rwekufamba kwakasununguka. Iyo yakavakira-mukati yekuwedzera maficha ekuchengetedza uye inofamba maseru. Kutarisisa kwakawanda kwakabhadharwa kuchigaro chemutyairi: chigaro chakasununguka, simba rekufambisa, zvinoreva kufambisa kutyaira bhazi. Mune mamodheru mazhinji, nzira dzekubhadhara dzisina kutaurirana dzakabatana. Mabhazi anoona kunyaradzwa kwevatakurwi pavanofamba muguta uye nekupfuura. Sarudzo yekufambisa inoitwa kunyanya nemakambani ekufambisa, mune zvisingawanzoitika zviitiko - nemutyairi.

Mhando dzakakurumbira uye mamodheru

Kutakura kwemuguta kunogadzirwa nemhando dzeRussia: Mhara, UAZ, ZIL, LiAZ. Munhu wese anovaona muguta mazuva ese. Mafekitori emotokari ekunze anogadzirawo mabhazi. Mhando dzekunze dzinosanganisira Mercedes, Volvo (unogona zvakare kuona vese vagadziri), Setra, MAN, Iveco, nezvimwe. Vagadziri veRussia nevekunze vari kudiwa.

Vhidhiyo pamusoro wenyaya

Mukupedzisa, tinopa vhidhiyo pfupi nezve shanduko dzakasiyana dzeMAZ mabhazi:

Kusiyana uye kugadziridzwa kwemabhazi eMAZ | Bhazi "MAZ"

Mibvunzo nemhinduro:

Zvigaro zvingani mubhazi rinotakura vanhu? Kugona kwebhazi kunoenderana nehurefu hwayo, chinangwa (yepasirese, nharaunda kana intracity) uye kirasi. Mabhazi emamita gumi nemaviri anogona kutakura vanhu vanosvika makumi mapfumbamwe, mamodheru akataurwa ane anopfuura makumi mapfumbamwe.

Mabhazi anokamurwa sei zvichienderana nekirasi? Ese mabhazi evatakuri anorongedzerwa zvichienderana ne: chinangwa, kureba, kugona kwevatyairi (diki, yepakati uye yakakura kirasi), mhando yemuviri, dhizaini, dhizaini, nhamba yemakabhini.

Makirasi mangani emabhazi aripo? Kune makirasi maviri emabhazi: mutyairi uye akakosha. Muchiitiko chechipiri, ishanduro yakagadziridzwa yebhazi remufambi.