Chii chinonzi hydrometer? Inoshanda sei uye ndeyei
Zviri mukati
Munguva yekuchengetedza mota, nguva nenguva inofanirwa kuyera kuwanda kweiyo electrolyte uye antifreeze. Nekuona, paramende iyi haigone kutsanangurwa. Nezvinangwa zvakadaro, pane hydrometer.
Chishandiso ichi chinoshanda sei, chinoshanda sei, ndedzipi mhando dziripo uye kupi kumwe kunoshandiswa? Mhinduro dzemibvunzo iyi dzinobatsira vatsva vatyairi kushandisa hydrometer nemazvo.
Chii chinonzi hydrometer?
Kuwanda kwemvura ndiko kusunganidzwa kwechimwe chinhu chiri pakati nepakati. Ruzivo rweparamende iyi runobatsira kuona kuti inguvai iyo technical fluid inoda kutsiviwa kana inoita kuti zvikwanise kuziva kana tekinoroji yekugadzira yakateedzerwa mukugadzirwa.
Vatyairi vanoshandisa hydrometer kuyera mhando yeelectrolyte uye antifreeze. Izvo zvakaderera zvemukati zvekuwedzera zvinhu munzvimbo huru zvinogona kutungamira mukutonhora kwemvura muchando kana kudzikira padanho rayo nekuda kwekukurumidza kubuda kwemvura muzhizha rinopisa.
Panyaya yebhatiri, izvi zvinotungamira mukuomerwa kutanga injini, kuderedzwa kwehupenyu hwebasa, kana kuora kwemahwendefa ekutungamira. Yakadzika diki inotonhorera inogona kufashaira pane yakaderera tembiricha.
Kudzivirira kuitika kwematambudziko, zvinodikanwa kuyera izvi zvinwiwa nenzira yakakodzera uchishandisa hydrometer - girazi rinoyangarara riine sikero. Zviri nyore kushandisa, asi pane zvishoma zvinhu zvekufunga nezvazvo.
Ainoita
Sekureva kwengano, musayendisiti wekare wechiGreek Archimedes akazviwisira mubhavhu rinofashukira, izvo zvakaita kuti mvura ifashukire. Mamiriro ezvinhu aya akamukurudzira kufunga kuti nenzira imwecheteyo zvinokwanisika kuyera vhoriyamu yegoridhe kubva pakagadzirwa korona yaTsar Heron II (muvambi akapiwa basa rekuona kana chidimbu chakakosha chendarama chakagadzirwa negoridhe chairo).
Chero ma hydrometer anoshanda zvinoenderana neshanduro yekumisikidza yakawanikwa naArchimedes. Zvinoenderana nemutemo wehydrostatic, kana chinhu chakanyudzwa mukati memvura, simba rinobata rinoshanda pairi. Kukosha kwayo kwakaenzana nehuremu hwemvura yakadzingwa. Sezvo kuumbwa kwemvura kwakasiyana, saka simba rekusimudzira richasiyana.
Bhokisi rakavharirwa rinoiswa mumudziyo mukuru nemvura. Sezvo huremu hwakamisikidzwa pazasi pechigadzirwa, chinu hachichinjiki, asi chinoramba chakamira.
Muchiitiko cheyero yemuno, sekugadzirisa kuwanda kweantifreeze kana electrolyte, mahydrometer ane dura mune inoiswa float anoshandiswa. Munguva yekusuwa, mvura inozadza hombodo huru kune imwe nhanho. Iyo yakadzika iyo yechipiri chirongo ichienda, iyo yakadzikira iyo density yeiyo mvura. Kuti uone mhando yenzvimbo yakaedzwa, unofanirwa kumirira iyo "float" kuti igadzikane.
Midziyo yemidziyo
Sezvo zvinwiwa zvemvura zvine kuwanda kwavo, mahydrometer akaenzana kune yega yega zvakasiyana. Kana iyo mudziyo ukashandiswa kune zvimwe zvinangwa, mashandiro ayo haakwanise kutorwa seakarurama.
Pamusoro pehuremu hwehuremu, hwakaenzana mvura inoenderana, chishandiso chinogona kuva nemhando nhatu dzezviyero:
- Kutarisa kuwanda kwechinhu;
- Kuyera muzana yezvinhu zvisina kuchena munharaunda.
- Kuti uone huwandu hwechimwe chinhu chinonyungudutswa mumvura (kana imwe hwaro), semuenzaniso, huwandu hwesulphuric acid mune distillate yekugadzirira electrolyte.
Nekunze, mahydrometre ese akafanana kune mamwe uye anoshanda zvinoenderana nemusimboti mumwe chete, zvisinei, imwe neimwe yadzo inoenzanisirwa nharaunda yayo uye nematanho chaiwo.
Saizvozvowo zvishandiso zvinoshandiswa kuyera zviratidzo:
- Percentage yezvinodhaka zvemukati;
- Kusanganiswa kweshuga kana munyu;
- Kuwanda kwemhinduro yeacid;
- Mafuta emukaka;
- Iyo mhando yezvigadzirwa zve peturu.
Shanduko yega yega yehydrometer ine zita rinoenderana.
Doro mita
Inokutendera iwe kuyera simba rechidhakwa. Muchiitiko ichi, chiyero chayo chinoratidza chikamu chedoro muchinwa. Zvakakosha kufunga kuti michina yakadaro haisi yepasirese, asi zvakare yakaenzanisirwa mamwe marudzi ezvinwiwa.
Semuenzaniso, pakuyera vodka, liqueur uye mimwe mweya, mahydrometri anoshandiswa, iko kudzidza kuri mukati me40 degrees. Panyaya yewaini nezvimwe zvinwiwa zvinodhaka, zvinwiwa zviripo zvinoshandiswa.
Hydrometer yezvigadzirwa zvemafuta
Ichi chikamu chemidziyo chakagadzirirwa kuyera mhando yepeturu, parafini, mafuta edhiziri uye zvimwe zvigadzirwa zvemafuta. Chigadzirwa chinokubvumira kuti uone kuvapo kwezvisina kuchena izvo zvinoderedza kunaka kwemafuta.
Ivo anoshandiswa kwete chete mumaindasitiri zvinomera. Munhuwo mutyairi anogona zvakare kutenga chishandiso chakadaro kuti zvive nyore kuona kuti ndepapi pari gasi zvakakodzera kumutsira mota yake mafuta.
Saccharometer
Refractometers anoshandiswa muindasitiri yezvikafu, kunyanya mukugadzirwa kwejusi. Chigadzirwa chinokutendera kuti utarise kuibva kwemuchero. Inoyera kuyerwa kweshuga mune yepakati bvunzo.
Zvemotokari hydrometer
Vatyairi vanoshandisa mahydrometer kuyera kuwanda kweantifreeze uye electrolyte. Zvishoma zvinowanzo shandiswa kuyera brake fluid uye peturu. Mune mamiriro emamodeli ekuyedza acidic zvinwiwa, chishandiso chinogadziriswa zvishoma
Uye zvakare, ine hombodo hombe hombe, mukati mayo inoyerera negirazi ine chikero chinoenderana. Kune rimwe divi, chishandiso chakadai chinotetepa (kana netambo yerabha sepipette), uye kune rimwe racho, girobhu rerabha inoiswa pairi kuti itore chikamu chemagetsi.
Iyi dhizaini ndiyo yakachengeteka, nekuti kusangana kweacidic uye chepfu zvinhu zvineganda hazvidiwe. Mazhinji mamodheru emota ari epasirese uye anoshandiswa kuyera huwandu hwezvinwiwa zvakasiyana.
Sezvo ichiyangarara chakanyudzwa mune yakasarudzika yepakati kusvika pakadzika kwayo, ma parameter anoenderana nechero mvura akarongwa pamatanho akasiyana echiyero.
Pamusoro pekushandurwa kwakanyorwa pamusoro apa, mahydrometer anoshandiswawo pakurapa (kuyera huwandu hwezvimwe zvipenyu muvanhu), mukubika, muindasitiri yezvokudya (semuenzaniso, lactometer inoyera mafuta emukaka, uye mita yemunyu inobatsira kuona kukodzera kwemvura pazvinangwa zvekudya uye kuomarara kwayo), pamwe ne mabhizinesi anogadzira zvigadzirwa zvemakemikari.
Dhizaini uye ma parameter emahydrometer
Chigadzirwa icho chinu chinamirwa pamativi ese. Kune pfumo resimbi mukati maro. Huwandu hwayo hunotsanangurwa nechinangwa cheichi chishandiso (yega mvura ine urema hwayo). Iyo flask ine chikero chinokutendera iwe kunyatso kuona paramende inodiwa. Mamwe mahydrometers anowedzerazve mune hombe hombe chubhu (semuenzaniso wemagetsi).
Hombodo yekuwedzera inoshandiswa kuyera zvinwiwa zvine njodzi. Iyo yakagadzirirwa kutora chikamu (semuenzaniso, mota hydrometers inoita kuti zvikwanise kutora nemazvo vhoriyamu diki ye electrolyte). Iyi dhizaini inodzivirira electrolyte kana zvimwe zvinhu zvine chepfu kupinda paganda.
Zvichienderana nemagadzirirwo uye chinangwa, chirongo chechipiri chinogona kugadzirwa muchimiro chehombodo ine mutsipa murefu kana muchimiro cheyakafuta test tube ine chikero chakaiswa. Mimwe mienzaniso inogadzirwa nepurasitiki ine dense yakajeka iyo inopesana nehasha acid uye alkaline mhinduro.
Iye mumwe wegirazi ane zvakwakanakira akati wandei:
- Girobhu racho rinochengeta kujekesa kwaro zvisinei nekuwanda kwekushandisa;
- Girazi rinoshingirira kumakemikari makemikari.
Kumwe kwekukanganisa kwegirazi remadhoromendi nderekuti haina kusimba, saka modhi inodonha inofanirwa kuchengetwa zvakanaka (mune maseru akapatsanurwa pabhokisi rimwe nerimwe). Mune ino kesi, iyo ichiyangarara inofanira kubviswa kubva muhombe hombe uye ichengetwe mumudziyo wakasarudzika kuitira kuti irege kutyora.
Kana uchitenga hydrometer yemhando imwe chete, iwe unofanirwa kuteerera kune iko kukanganisa (inoratidzwa sepesenti). Kazhinji kazhinji iyi paramende yakakosha kwazvo pakuita zviyero chaizvo mukugadzira.
Zvakare chinhu chakakosha ndeyekupedza chiyero. Iyo yakareba iyo, iko kwakanyanya kuyerwa kuchazove. Akachipa mahydrometers anowanzove nehuremu hushoma, nekudaro kusarudza chaiyo chiratidzo cheyero ye electrolyte kana antifreeze inova yakaoma.
Kuita kuti zvive nyore kune mutyairi kuona kana chinongedzo chiri mukati meyakajairwa, chiyero chine mamaki ane huwandu hushoma hunobvumidzwa (mutsvuku). Iko kukosha kwakaringana kunoiswa mutema.
Mashandisiro ekushandisa hydrometer
Chigadzirwa chacho chiri nyore chaizvo kushandisa. Kuti uone paramende inodikanwa, ichiyangarara chinoiswa mumudziyo nemhinduro. Anofanira kudzikama, izvo zvichapa chakarurama kwazvo chiratidzo.
Paunenge uchishanda nezvinwiwa zvine njodzi, maitiro aya anofanirwa kuitwa nenzira yakasarudzika. Sezvo kushanda chaiko kwebhatiri kunoenderana nehukuru uye kusungwa kweasidhi muelectrolyte, zvinodikanwa kuti nguva nenguva uongorore ma parameter uchishandisa hydrometer (kuti uwane ruzivo rwekuwedzera hupenyu hwebhatiri, verenga mune imwe yakatarwa chinyorwa).
Iyo dhijitari chiratidzo cheiyo electrolyte mumabhatiri chinofanira kunge chiri pakati pe 1,22-1,29 g / cm3 (zvinoenderana nemamiriro ekunze mune iyo mota inoitwa). Mimwe bhatiri mamodheru akagadzirwa newindo rekutarisa rine chiratidzo chechaji. Zviratidzo zvaro:
- ruvara rutsvuku - iyo elektrolyte mwero yakadonha, inodikanwa kuti izadzise vhoriyamu (nepo kubhadharisa kungave kuchiri kukwana kune iyo yekutanga iyo kutenderera iyo flywheel);
- chena ruvara - bhatiri rinenge rakaburitswa ne50%;
- girini - magetsi anokwidzwa zvakakwana.
Izvi zvinongedzo zvinobatsira kuona kana sosi yemagetsi ingashandiswa kushandisa zvishandiso zvine simba, semuenzaniso, odhiyo sisitimu (nzira yekubatanidza zvakanaka gudzazwi yemota inotsanangurwa pano).
Kugadziridza kwesimba kwemagetsi kuchabatsira kuona kana distillate ichida kuwedzerwa kana bhatiri richida kuchinjwazve. Mumabhatiri anoshandirwa, zviyero zvinogadzirwa nemota hydrometer. Heano akakurusa gwara rekuti ungashandise sei nenzira kwayo.
Nhanho-nhanho mirairo yekutora zviyero
Usati wayera chiyero chebasa, zvakakosha kuti uve nechokwadi chekuti tembiricha yacho inoenderana neiyi nzira. Vagadziri vanokurudzira kutora zviyero patembiricha mukati me20 degrees (kwete nharaunda, asi nharaunda yakaedzwa). Kuwanda kwemvura imwe chete kunochinja nekuverengwa kwakasiyana kwethermometer, saka, kuti ubvise zvisirizvo, unofanirwa kutevedzera kurudziro iyi.
Kuti zvive nyore kuyera, kumwe kugadziridzwa kwemazuva ano kwakagadzirwa neiyo thermometer kuona kutonhora kwemvura. kuitira kuti iwe ugone kunyatsoziva kuti mvura inosangana nezvinodiwa here, dzimwe nguva kururamisa kunoratidzwa pachiyero (kana mune zvinyorwa zvechigadzirwa zvechigadzirwa) uchifunga nezve tembiricha isiri yemhando.
Maitiro acho anoitwa zvinotevera zvinotevera:
- iwe unofanirwa kuve nechokwadi chekuti maawa matanhatu apfuura apfuura kubva muripo wekupedzisira;
- mabhegi ese mabhegi akasunungurwa;
- ichiyangarara (hydrometer) inoiswa muhombodo hombe, peya inoiswa pamusoro, uye kune rimwe divi - cork ine mutsipa wakamanikana;
- usati wadzikisa tambo yerabha mu electrolyte, iyo peari yakamanikidzwa zvachose;
- iyo pipette inonyudzwa mune yemvura, iyo peya haina kubviswa;
- vhoriyamu ye electrolyte inofanirwa kuve yakanyanya zvekuti iyo ichiyangarara mukati megabhoroti ichiyangarara zvakasununguka uye haibate madziro eguchu;
- mushure mekuverenga zviratidziro, iyo electrolyte inodzoka zvakanaka kubhangi rebheteri, plugs akamonyaniswa.
Nekuchengetedza kwakanyanya, iyo hydrometer inofanira kushambidzwa nemvura. Izvi zvinodzivirira kuumbwa kwedombo mukati meganda, izvo zvinogona kukanganisa kunyatso kuyerwa mune ramangwana.
Kuyera kuchengetedzwa
Unyanzvi hwemvura mumotokari kazhinji hune chepfu uye, nekusangana kwenguva refu neganda, kunogona kuikuvadza (kunyanya kana iri mhinduro yeasidhi), saka zvakakosha kutevedzera matanho ekuchengetedza kana uchishanda navo. Hezvino izvo izvo mutyairi wese anofanira kuyeuka:
- kudzivirira kusangana neacidhi neganda remaoko, magurovhosi erabha anofanira kushandiswa;
- panguva yekushanda kwebhatiri, mvura kubva mairi inogona kubuda (inoshanda kune yakashandurwa kugadziridzwa), saka, kana uchisunungura mapulagi, iwe unofanirwa kungwarira kuti usafema utsi hweacid;
- kana uchishanda nebhatiri, zvinorambidzwa zvachose kuputa nekushandisa chero sosi yemoto wakashama;
- zvakakosha kutora zviyero munzvimbo ine mhepo yakakwana;
- kushanda nezvinwiwa zvine njodzi hakubvumiri kukurumidza (nekuda kwekusatarisira, iyo electrolyte inogona kukwira pamota yemota uye kukanganisa simbi).
Mhedziso yemhando dzakakurumbira dzehydrometer
Kutsvaga mhando yemahydrometer haina kuoma nekuti chishandiso chiri nyore chinogona kuwanikwa pane chero chitoro chemotokari. Kune mhando dzinoverengeka dzemidziyo yakadaro. Ivo vanosiyana kubva kune mumwe nemumwe nemiparamende yavakatemerwa. Heano mamwe akakurumbira hydrometers.
Zve antifreezefor the: | Mari inofungidzirwa, cu | chiremera | kutadza |
Jonnesway AR030002 | 8 | Compact, multifunctional, nyore kushandisa, yakavimbika | Dear |
JTC 1040 | 5 | Lightweight uye compact, multifunctional (inotonhorera poindi uye yekubikira poindi yakatarwa pachiyero) | Inobata zvisirizvo kwekusangana kwenguva refu nemaacids |
AV Simbi AV-920097 | 4 | Mutengo webhajeti, nyore kushandisa, kuvimbika, kuita mabasa akasiyana-siyana | Mashoma madiki pachiyero |
Nezve electrolyte: | |||
Jonnesway AR030001 | 7 | Anochinjika, akareruka, akawanda-mavara chikero, yakasimba | High cost |
Heyner Premium 925 010 | 6 | Mutengo unonzwisisika, kesi yepurasitiki, diki vhoriyamu yeiyo yakaedzwa electrolyte | Yakachengetwa isina chekuvhara, iyo peya inogona kudzikira nekufamba kwenguva |
Autoprofi bhatiri BAT / TST-118 | 5 | Nyore kushandisa, chiyero chemuvara, mutengo unodhura | Inoshandiswa chete mukutungamira-asidhi bhatiri mamodheru, mhedzisiro haigare ichiratidza chaiyo chiratidzo |
JTC 1041 | 4 | Yakaderera-mutengo sarudzo, flask simba, inopokana nesidhi mhinduro, kuyerwa kurongeka, compact | Iyo ichiyangarara kazhinji inonamatira kumadziro echeki, hapana kesi |
Penant AR-02 5002 | 2 | Lightweight, rakanamwa, girazi, zvakachipa | Irabha rerabha rinokurumidza kurasikirwa neyakaomarara, hapana kesi |
Usati wasarudza nadzurudzo, unofanirwa kubvunza kune nyanzvi, nekuti gore rega rega vagadziri vanogadzira mhando nyowani dzine hunhu hwakagadziridzwa. Dzimwe shanduko dzinogona kunge dzisingabatsiri kuyera mamwe marudzi emvura.
Muzvitoro, iwe unogona kuwana yemhando yepamusoro mamodheru aunogona kuyera iwo mhando yezvose zvinotonhorera nemagetsi. Mamwe acho ane dial uye akaenzana nemvura yakadhonzwa yechero mhando yemvura. Kudzidzira kunoratidza kuti shanduko dzakadhura dzakadai dzakakodzera nzvimbo dzevashandi dzehunyanzvi pane dzekushandisa mudzimba.
Sezvauri kuona, iyo hydrometer hachisi chinhu chakaomarara, icho kana iye anotanga kunyatso kuyera mamiriro eiyo electrolyte kana antifreeze. Nekuda kweiyi yakapusa maitiro, mutyairi anokwanisa kuwedzera zvakanyanya hupenyu hwebhatiri uye kuona kushanda kwakakodzera kweinjini kutonhora system.
Vhidhiyo pamusoro wenyaya
Heino vhidhiyo pfupi pamusoro pemashandisiro ekushandisa hydrometer kuyera kuwanda kwe electrolyte mumabhatiri anoshandirwa:
Mibvunzo nemhinduro:
Chii chinogona kuyerwa neHydrometer? Mudziyo uyu unoyera kuwanda kwechero mvura yehunyanzvi. Inoshanda pahwaro hwemutemo weArchimedes. Chishandiso chemotokari chakagadzirirwa antifreeze uye electrolyte.
Chii chinonzi hydrometer uye kuti ungaishandisa sei? Iyi iflask ine yakavharwa hollow chubhu, mukati umo mune simbi yekupfura. Peya inotora mvura. Chiyero chayo pachikero chinoratidza density.
Nzira yekuziva sei density ne hydrometer? Kune izvi, iyo yemukati chubhu ine yakapedza chiyero chezvinwiwa zvakasiyana. Chisarudzo chakareruka ichubhu yakavharwa ine chiyero. Inonyikwa mumvura.