Izvo zvaunofanira kuziva nezve mota braking system?
Zviri mukati
Kune chengetedzo yemumigwagwa, mota yega yega haifanire kungogona kufamba zvakanaka, asi zvakare inomira mukati mekanhambwe. Uye chechipiri chinhu chakanyanya kukosha. Nechinangwa ichi, chero mota ine braking system.
About mudziyo uye okunatsiridza gozvo takamboti kwati kwati kwati kwati. Iye zvino ngatitarisei mabhureki mabhureki: chimiro chavo, zvinokanganisa uye musimboti wekushanda.
Chii chinonzi braking system?
Iyo braking system yemotokari seti yezvikamu uye nzira, iyo huru chinangwa chayo kudzora kutenderera kwemavhiri nekukurumidza sezvazvinogona. Sisitimu dzemazuva ano dzakashongedzerwa nemidziyo yemagetsi uye nzira dzinodzikamisa mota pasi pemamiriro ekukurumidza mabhureki kana mumigwagwa isina kugadzikana.
Aya masisitimu nemaitiro anosanganisira, semuenzaniso, ABS (nezve chimiro chayo verenga pano) uye musiyano (chii uye nei zvichidikanwa mumota, zvinoudzwa mune imwe ongororo).
Nhoroondo shomanana yekufamba
Pangovhurwa vhiri, mubvunzo wakabva wamuka: maitiro ekudzora kutenderera kwayo uye kuita kuti iyi nzira ive inotsvedza sezvinobvira. Iwo ekutanga mabhureki airatidzika kunge echinyakare - bhokisi rematanda rakanamatira kune lever system. Kana uchinge wasangana nepamusoro pevhiri, kukwesana kwakagadzirwa uye vhiri rakamira. Bhureki rinotsamira padata remutyairi - kunyanya iyo lever payakadzvanyirirwa, nekukurumidza kutakura kwakamira.
Mukufamba kwemakumi emakumi emakore, iyo nzira yakagadziridzwa: bhokisi rakafukidzwa neganda, chimiro uye chinzvimbo padyo nevhiri chakashandurwa. Mukutanga kwema1900, yekutanga kuvandudza kweanoshanda mota brake yakaonekwa, kunyangwe paine ruzha kwazvo. Imwe yakagadziridzwa vhezheni yemuchina yakarongedzwa naLouis Renault mumakore gumi chete.
Nekuvandudzwa kwemotorsport, zvakakosha kugadzirisa kwakaitwa kune braking system, nekuti mota dzakawedzera simba uye panguva imwechete kumhanya. Nechekare mumakore makumi mashanu ezana ramakore rechimakumi maviri, kugadzirwa kwenzvimbo dzinoshanda chaiko kunovimbisa kudzikisira nekukurumidza kwemavhiri emotokari dzemitambo.
Panguva iyoyo, nyika yemotokari yaive yatove nesarudzo dzinoverengeka dzehurongwa hwakasiyana: dhiramu, dhisiki, shangu, bhandi, hydraulic, uye kukweshera. Paitove nemidziyo yemagetsi. Ehezve, masisitimu ese aya mune echinyakare dhizaini akasiyana zvakanyanya kubva kune avo vekutanga, uye mamwe haashandiswe zvachose nekuda kwekusaita kwavo uye kuderera kwekuvimbika.
Iyo yakavimbika kwazvo system mazuva ano ndiyo imwe disk. Mazuva ano mota dzemitambo dzakashongedzerwa nemadhisiki makuru anoshanda pamwe chete nemabhureki akapamhamha, uye macalipers mavari ane maviri kubva kune gumi nemaviri mapistoni. Kutaura nezve caliper: ine akati wandei nadzurudzo uye chakasiyana chishandiso, asi uyu ndiwo musoro wenyaya kweimwezve ongororo.
Mota dzemabhajeti dzakashongedzerwa neakabatanidzwa braking system - discs yakaiswa kumberi hubs, uye madhiramu akagadzika kumavhiri ekumashure. Elite uye mitambo mota ine disc mabhureki pane ese mavhiri.
Mashandiro anoita mabhureki mashandiro
Mabhureki akaomeswa nekudzvanya iyo pedal iri pakati peye clutch uye gasi pedals. Mabhureki anoshandiswa nemagetsi.
Kana mutyairi achimanikidza chinongedzo, kumanikidza kunowedzera mumutsetse uzere nebrake fluid. Urume hunoita pisitoni yemuchina uri padyo nemabhureki evhiri rega rega.
Iyo inorema uye yakaoma mutyairi anodzvanya peturu, zvinonyanya kujekesa brake. Masoja anouya kubva kuchata anofambiswa kune anoshanda uye, zvinoenderana nemhando yesystem, pamavhiri anogona kunge mapads anosunga brake disc, kana ivo vanofamba vachienda voga vachipesana nedhiramu marimu.
Kuti ushandure zvinoitwa nemutyairi kuti zvive zvakanyanya kumanikidza, pane vacuum mumitsara. Chinhu ichi chinowedzera kuyerera kwemvura mumutsara. Masisitimu emazuva ano akagadzirwa zvekuti kana mabhureki emabhureki akaodzwa mwoyo, mabhureki acharamba achishanda (kana pombi imwe chete ikaramba yakasimba).
Mabhureki anotsanangurwa zvakadzama muvhidhiyo inotevera:
Akaputsa hurongwa mudziyo
Machine mabhureki anoumbwa nezvikamu zviviri zvezvinhu:
- Dhiraivha - sisitimu inotyaira chikamu chebrake mashini;
- Mechanism - iko kuedza kunobva pakutyaira. Iyo inogadzira simba rinodzora kutenderera kweiyo hub hub. Iyo yakawanda kwazvo nzira yeanhasi masisitimu anoshanda pane yekukwesana musimboti. Ndokunge, simba rekukanganisa rinoshandiswa kumisa muchina.
Iyo brake drive ndeye aya anotevera marudzi:
- Mechanical - mumota dzemazuva ano, inoshandiswa mune yekupaka mabhureki system. Dhizaini yayo inosanganisira lever uye tambo inoibatanidza nemabhureki emavhiri ekumashure. Dzimwe mhando dzemotokari dzakashongedzerwa nemumwe wavo wemagetsi. Mune ino kesi, iko kuedza hakutsamiri panyama dhata yemuridzi wemota;
- Hydraulic ndiyo musimboti unoshandiswa nemaitiro mazhinji emazuva ano Dhizaini yedhiraivho yakadaro inosanganisira chitiviri, gadziriso yevhavha, inoshanda uye tenzi masilinda, tambo (machubhu);
- Pneumatic - inonyanya kushandiswa mukutakura zvinhu. Iyi sisitimu inoshandiswa nemhepo yakamanikidzwa. Chishandiso chayo chinosanganisira: compressor, inogamuchira, chinongedzo nezvimwe zvinhu zvinovimbisa kugara uchimanikidzwa nemhepo muchirongwa;
- Electro-pneumatic kana imwe mhando yekubatanidza dhiraivha haiwanzoshandiswa, nekuti ine mudziyo wakaomarara uye kudhura kugadzirisa.
Iyo braking kifaa inosanganisira:
- Caliper - inoshanda humburumbira yakaiswa mukati mayo, iyo inopesana nemasimba emabhureki emvura uye inosunga disc. Yakadai michina inosanganisirwa mukugadzirwa kwema disc mabhureki. Kana iri sarudzo yebhajeti, iyo bhureki rebhuregi haina caliper, uye humburumbira yemuranda iri pakati pemapadhi maviri. Kune rimwe divi uye kune rimwe divi, chikamu chacho chine pisitoni inowedzera mapedhi, kuitira kuti vagone kumadziro edhiramu;
- Disc - yakaiswa pane mavhiri hubs (kazhinji ari kumberi). Izvo zvakagadzirwa nesimbi gobvu uye yakasimba iyo inogona kumira yakasimba tembiricha uye yakakosha kumanikidza. Mimwe mienzaniso inopetwa kuitira zvirinani mabhureki mashandiro. Iko kutonhorera kwemadhisiki mushure mekubhuroka kunopihwa chete nemhepo inoyerera;
- Dhiramu - mota dzekare dzaingova nemabhureki akadaro, uye mota dzemabhajeti dzakaburitswa nhasi dzakashongedzerwa nemabhureki akadaro chete paashure yekumashure. Kubhuroka munzira dzakadai hakunyatso shanda semadhiski, asi maererano nekuvimbika vane nhanho yepamusoro (chinhu chekune dzimwe nyika, semuenzaniso, bazi, hachigone kupinda mumushini uye kuvharisa mashandiro ayo), saka vagadziri havana kukurumidza kuvabvisa mumota dzavo;
- Mapedhi ndechimwe chinhu chinotora chikamu mukubata vhiri. Ichi chikamu chesimbi chine kupesana lining. Mamwe mamodheru ane ruvara uye ruzha ruzha kuratidza kupfeka pane yekukwesana pamusoro. Kana uyo anofarira mota akakanganwa kutarisisa mamiriro emabhureki, mapadhi akasakara anozoita kuti anzwe - inogara iri creak panguva yekumabhureki.
Mabhureki
Iyo mota inoderera nemhando mbiri dzemabhureki:
- Drum mabhureki - huwandu hwakawanda hwemotokari (kazhinji mabhajeti mamodheru uye vamiririri vepakati) vakapakata michina yakadaro paseri ekisero. Ivo vakavimbika zvikuru uye vakagadzikana. Mumabhureki akadaro, nekuda kwekupfeka kwemapedhi, kuwedzera kwekubvisa kunoumbwa pakati pekupesana pamusoro uye madziro engoma. Iyo michina inosanganisira anodzora anokwereta chinhambwe ichi nekufambisa mapedhi padyo nemadziro edhiramu sezvinobvira. Iyo yekuzviseta-yega maitiro eiyo mashandisirwo anowanzoitika panguva yakaoma braking. Mabhureki akatonhodzwa nembabvu padhiramu pachawo uye yakawanda nhamba yesimbi zvikamu;
- Disc akamedura - anoshandiswa pamberi ekisero, uye mumitambo motokari uye shoma mota uye pamusoro, ivo anoshandiswawo neshure ekisero. Iyo caliper inosunga iyo brake disc pamativi ese maviri. Urongwa uhwu hunoda kushoma kuita kudzikamisa vhiri, saka iyi sisitimu inoshanda zvakanyanya kupfuura shamwari yedhiramu. Nekuda kweizvi, michina inosangana netembiricha yakakwira kwazvo. Pamadisc emazuva ano, maburi akakosha anoitwa anovandudza kupisa kupisa. Kugadziridza kwakadai kunonzi kunofefeterwa nemhepo.
Aya marudzi maviri enzira anosanganisirwa muchigadzirwa cheiyo huru brake system yemota. Izvo zvinoshanda senguva dzose - kana mutyairi achida kumisa mota. Nekudaro, mota yega yega ine zvakare anobatsira masystem. Mumwe nemumwe wavo anogona kushanda ari ega. Heano misiyano yavo.
Anobatsira (emergency) system
Iyo yese brake mutsara yakakamurwa kuita maviri macircuit. Vagadziri vanowanzobatanidza mavhiri kune rakasiyana dunhu padivi ne diagonal yemotokari. Iyo tangi yekuwedzera, yakaiswa pane tenzi brake cylinder, ine bhabheri mukati mune imwe nhanho (inoenderana neinokosha mashoma kukosha).
Chero bedzi mabhureki akarongeka, vhoriyamu remabhureki emvura yakakwira kupfuura kubhidha, saka mauto anobva muvharumu anoiswa panguva imwe chete kumahosi maviri, uye anoshanda seimwe tambo. Kana iyo hosi ikatyoka kana chubhu ikatyoka, iyo TOR nhanho inodonha.
Dunhu rakakuvara harigone kumanikidzwa kudzamara iyo yadeuka yagadziriswa. Zvisinei, nekuda kwekuparadzanisa mutangi, mvura yacho haibudisi zvachose, uye dunhu rechipiri rinoramba richishanda. Ehe, mune iyi mode mabhureki achashanda zvakapetwa zvakapetwa, asi mota haizove isina zvachose iwo. Izvi zvakakwana kuti usvike zvakachengeteka kusevhisi.
Yokupaka system
Iyi sisitimu inozivikanwa zvinodaidzwa kungoti bhureki remaoko. Iyo inoshandiswa senzira yekudzosa mashandiro. Iyo sisitimu chishandiso inosanganisira tsvimbo (lever iri mukamuri padhuze negear lever) uye tambo yakabatanidzwa kuita mavhiri maviri.
Mune yakasarudzika vhezheni, bhureki remaoko rinopa simba mabhureki makuru pamashure mavhiri. Zvisinei, pane okunatsiridza kuti vane zvavo Mapedhi. Iyi sisitimu haitsamiri zvachose padunhu reTJ mumutsetse kana kusashanda kwesisitimu (kusashanda kwevhavha kana chimwe chinhu chemabhureki makuru).
Diagnostics uye malfunctions emabhureki system
Iko kunonyanya kukosha kukundikana kubhurega ndiko kuputsa pad kupfeka. Zviri nyore kwazvo kuti uiongorore - shanduko zhinji dzine mucherechedzo wedereti iyo, kana uchinge wasangana nediski, inoburitsa hunhu hwekusvetuka panguva yekupwanya. Kana bhajeti mapedhi achishandiswa, saka mamiriro avo anofanirwa kuongororwa pane iyo nguva yakatarwa nemugadziri.
Zvisinei, mutemo uyu une hukama. Izvo zvese zvinoenderana nemhando yekutyaira yemutyairi. Kana iye achida kumhanyisa zvakanyanya pazvikamu zvidiki zvemugwagwa, saka zvikamu izvi zvinopera nekukurumidza, nekuti mabhureki anozoshandiswa zvakanyanya kupfuura zvakajairwa.
Heino tafura diki yezvimwe zvinokanganisa uye nemabatiro avanozviratidza.
Kukanganisa: | Inoratidza sei: | Kugadziriswa: |
Kupfeka kweiyo kukweshera rukoko pane mapedhi; Kuputsa kweakakosha kana anoshanda mabhureki emagetsi; Kuparara kweiyo vacuum. | Iko kushanda kweiyo braking system kwaderera zvakanyanya. | Tsiva mapedhi (kana iyo yekutyaira dhizaini iri kushanda, saka mhando dziri nani dzinofanira kushandiswa); Tarisa hutano hwesisitimu yese uye uone chakaputsika chinhu; Kana zvisiri-zvakajairwa marimu (semuenzaniso, hombe dhayamita) akaiswa, iyo brake system inodawo kukwidziridzwa - senge sarudzo, isa caliper yemapads akakura. |
Kuonekwa kwealocklocker; Kuora mwoyo kwedunhu; Kupisa uye kubiridzira kweTJ; Kukundikana kweiyo huru kana vhiri rakaputsa humburumbira. | Iyo pedal inokundikana kana kuva isina kujairika zvinyoro. | Akadeura mabhureki (maitiro ekuzviita nemazvo, verenga pano); Usatyora nzira yekutsiva yeTJ yakatsanangurwa nemugadziri; Tsiva chakasakara chinhu. |
Kukuvadza kwekutsvaira kana kuputika kwemahosi; TC bushings yasakara. | Zvinotora simba rakawanda kumanikidza chitiviri. | Gadzirisa chinhu chakundikana kana kuongorora mutsara. |
Mabhureki emabhureki anopfeka zvisina kuenzana; Kupfeka nekukurumidza kwemabhureki esirinda zvinhu; Kudzvinyirira kwetambo yezvimedu; Matai anopera kusvika pamadhigirii akasiyana (kuratidzwa uku hakuwanzo kukanganisa mabhureki - zvikonzero zvikuru zvekusapfeka zvakaenzana inokurukurwa mune imwe nyayaKumanikidzwa kwakasiyana kwemhepo mumavhiri. | Kana braking iri kuenderera mberi, mota inodhonzwa kudivi. | Tarisa kumanikidza kwetaya; Panguva yekutsiva, nyatso isa mabhureki; Nyatsoongorora zvinhu zvese zvebrake system, uone kuparara uye kutsiva chikamu; Shandisa zvikamu zvemhando yepamusoro (tenga kubva kuvashambadzi vakavimbika). |
Worn kana yakakuvara bhureki disc; Yakaputswa rimu kana dhayi kusakara; Zvisizvo zvakaenzana mavhiri. | Vibration inonzwika kana braking. | Balance the wheels; Tarisa marimu marimu uye vhiri kusakara; Tarisa mamiriro emabhureki discs (kana iwe ukapwanya nekukurumidza nekumhanyisa, ma discs anopisa, izvo zvinogona kukonzera deformation). |
Mapadhi akapfeka kana kupisa; Mapedhi akavharika; Caliper yafamba | Ruzha ruzha paunenge uchityaira kana pakuonekwa kwaro nguva dzese paunenge uchimedura (kusveta, kukuya kana kuumbika); Kana iyo yekukwesana ranzi yakadzimwa zvachose, saka panguva yekupwanya unonyatsonzwa kurira kwekukwesha mativi esimbi uye kudedera mune mudhiraivho. | Tarisa mamiriro emapadhi - angave akasviba kana akasakara; Tsiva mapedhi; Paunenge uchiisa iyo caliper, zora iyo anti-squeak ndiro nemapini. |
Kuputsa kweiyo ABS sensor; Yakavharwa brake caliper; Kuwedzeredzwa kweiyo ABS sensor yekutaurirana kana waya kuputsa; Blown fuse. | Mumotokari yakarongedzwa neABS, mwenje wekunyevera unouya. | Tarisa mashandiro eiyo sensor (pachinzvimbo chekufungidzirwa chishandiso, inozivikanwa yekushanda yakaiswa); Kana yakavharwa, chena; Tsiva fiyuzi; Ziva iyo system yekudzora yuniti. |
Bhureki remaoko rinosimudzwa (kana bhatani rekupaka system rakadzvanywa); Iyo brake fluid level yaderera; Kukundikana kweiyo TJ level sensor; Kuputsa kwekupaka mabhureki (kana iyo oxidation); Matete akapwanya mabhureki; Matambudziko muABS system. | Kana muchina wacho wakashongedzerwa nehurongwa hwakadai hwekutonga, mwenje weBrake unogara uripo. | Tarisa iko kupaka kwakapwanya; Ziva iyo ABS system; Tarisa iyo brake pad pfeka; Tarisa iyo brake fluid level; Ive uine tsika yekutarisa chinzvimbo chebhureki remaoko usati watyaira. |
Mapedhi uye akamedura dhisiki kutsiva zvikamu
Kuongorora mabhureki emabhureki kunofanirwa kuitwa panguva yekuchinja kwematai emwaka. Izvi zvinoita kuti zvive nyore kuongorora kupfeka panguva. Kusiyana nehunyanzvi hwemvura, iyo inofanirwa kuchinjwa nguva dzese, mabhureki emabhureki anochinja kana zvikaitika kukundikana (semuenzaniso, nekuda kwemarara, iyo nzvimbo yekukwesana haina kusakara zvisina kukwana), kana kana yapfekwa kune imwe nhete.
Kuti kuwedzere kuchengetedzwa kweiyo brake system, vazhinji vagadziri vanoshongedzera mapedhi ane yakasarudzika chiratidzo diki (mabhureki anokwenya kana hwaro hwedenga hwasakara). Mune zvimwe zviitiko, muridzi wemota anogona kuona kupfeka kwezvinhu nechero chiratidzo. Iko kushanda kwemabhureki emabhureki kunoderera kana iwo mashoma kusvika maviri kana matatu mamirimita kukora.
Kudzivirirwa kweiyo brake system
Nekudaro kuti braking system isingabvaruke nekukasira, uye zvinhu zvacho zvinoshanda zvese zviwanikwa zvavanofanirwa, iwe unofanirwa kutevedzera kune yakapusa uye yakapusa mitemo:
- Diagnostics inofanira kuitwa kwete mugaraji sevhisi, asi panzvimbo yechiteshi ine chaiyo michina (kunyanya kana mota iine yakaoma yemagetsi system) uye mune vanoshanda vanoshanda;
- Tevedzera maitiro ekutsiva mabhureki emvura (anoratidzwa nemugadziri - iyi inguva kamwechete makore maviri ega ega);
- Mushure mekutsiva mabhureki emabhureki, mabhureki anoshanda anofanirwa kudzivirirwa;
- Kana masaini anobva ku-board board akaonekwa, unofanirwa kubata sevhisi nekukurumidza sezvazvinogona;
- Paunenge uchitsiva zvinhu, shandisa zvigadzirwa zvemhando yepamusoro kubva kune vagadziri vakavimbika;
- Kana uchitsiva mabhureki emabhureki, zora ese mativi eanoda anoida (izvi zvinoratidzwa mumirairo yekushandisa uye kumisikidza iyo mashini);
- Usashandise mavhiri asina kuenzana nemhando iyi, sezvo mune ino kesi mapads achakurumidza kupera;
- Dzivisa braking yakaoma pakumhanya kwakanyanya.
Kuteedzera izvi zvakapusa nhungamiro hakuzongowedzere chete hupenyu hwemabhureki, asiwo kuita chero kukwira kunge kwakachengeteka sezvinobvira.
Uye zvakare, iyi vhidhiyo inotsanangura kudzivirirwa uye kugadziriswa kwemabhureki emota:
Mibvunzo nemhinduro:
Ndeapi mabhureki masisitimu aripo? Iwo mabhureki masisitimu emota akakamurwa kuita: kushanda, spare, anobatsira uye kupaka. Zvichienderana nekirasi yemotokari, imwe neimwe sisitimu ine magadzirirwo ayo.
Chii chinangwa chemotokari yekupaka mabhureki? Iyi system inodaidzwa zvakare kuti hand brake. Yakagadzirirwa kunyanya kudzivirira rollback yemotokari yakamira pasi. Inobatiswa panguva yekupaka kana yekutanga kukwira.
Chii chinonzi ebetsero braking system? Iyi sisitimu inopa humwe hutongi hwekumhanya kwemotokari nguva dzose panguva yekudzika kwenguva refu (injini braking inoshandiswa).
Imwe tsumo
Garda Oto Inishuwarenzi Yemota
Ndatenda nekugovana ruzivo.