Injini yekugadzirisa system. Chinangwa, musimboti wekushanda, mashandiro

Hapana ICE inokwanisa kushanda isina injini yekukwenenzesa system. Uku kuongorora kunotsanangudza chinangwa cheiyo system, ayo malfunctions uye mazano ekuchengetedza.

Chinangwa cheinjini lubrication system

Injini yemotokari ndicho chinhu chikuru chinotyaira mota. Inosanganisira mazana ezvikamu zvinopindirana. Zvinenge zvese zvinhu zvaro zvinoiswa pachena kune yakasimba kupisa uye yekukakavara masimba

Pasina kunyorwa kwakakodzera, chero mota inokurumidza kuputsa. Chinangwa chayo musanganiswa wezvinhu zvakati wandei:

• Zora mafuta ekudzora kupfeka pameso avo panguva yekukwesana;
• Zvikamu zvinopisa zvinotonhora;
• Chenesa pamusoro pezvikamu kubva kudiki machipisi uye kabhoni deposits;
• Kudzivirira kusvibiswa kwezvinhu zvesimbi zvakasangana nemhepo;
• Mune mamwe maunitsi ekugadziridza, oiri chinhu chinoshanda chemvura yekugadzirisa emahydraulic anosimudza, nguva yekumhanyisa mabhandi uye mamwe masisitimu.

Kuchenesa kupisa uye kubvisa kwedzimwe tunhu tudiki kubva mumota zvinhu zvinoitika nekuda kwekugara kutenderera kwemvura kuburikidza nemutsara wemafuta. Verenga nezve mhedzisiro yemafuta pane injini yemukati yemoto, pamwe nekusarudzwa kwezvinhu zvekukwirisa zvemhando yepamusoro. mune imwe yakatarwa chinyorwa.

Mhando dzekugadzirisa maitiro

Aya ndiwo marudzi emagetsi ekugadzirisa:

• Nekumanikidza. Kune izvi, pombi yemafuta yakaiswa. Iyo inogadzira kumanikidza mumutsara wemafuta.
• Mwaya kana centrifugal. Kazhinji mune iyi kesi, kuita kwecentrifuge kunogadzirwa - zvikamu zvinotenderera uye zvinosasa mafuta munzvimbo yese yeiyo nzira. Mhute yemafuta inogara pazvikamu. Girisi inoyerera negiravhiti ichidzokera mudziva;
• Yakabatanidzwa. Mhando yemafuta iyi inowanzo shandiswa muinjini dzemotokari dzazvino. Oiri inopihwa kune zvimwe zvikamu zveinjini yemukati yemoto iri pasi pekumanikidzwa, uye kune vamwe nekumwaya. Uyezve, nzira yekutanga inoitirwa kumanikidza lubrication yezvakanyanya kukosha zvinhu, zvisinei nemhando yekushandisa yeyuniti. Iyi nzira inobvumira kushandiswa kwakanyanya kweinjini mafuta.

Zvakare, masisitimu ese akapatsanurwa kuita maviri akakosha zvikamu:

• Wump sump. Mune idzi shanduro, mafuta anounganidzwa musump. Iyo pombi yemafuta inoisveta mukati uye ndokupomba kuburikidza nemikanau kuenda kuchikamu chaunoda;
• Yakaoma sump. Iyi sisitimu yakagadzirirwa mapombi maviri: imwe mapombi, uye imwe inoyamwa mumafuta inoyerera ichipinda musump. Oiri ese anounganidzwa mudura.

Muchidimbu nezvezvakanaka nezvayakaipira zvemhando idzi dzehurongwa:

Lubrication hurongwa:	chiremera	kutadza
Yakaoma sump	Mugadziri wemota anogona kushandisa mota nehurefu hwakadzika; Paunenge uchityaira pamateru, mota inoenderera ichitambira chikamu chakakodzera chemafuta anotonhorera; Kuvapo kweratiza redhiyeta kunopa kutonhodza kuri nani kwenzvimbo dzemukati dzemoto injini.	Mutengo wemota ine yakadaro system inodhura zvakapetwa; Zvimwe zvikamu zvinogona kutyoka.
Wump sump	Vashoma vashandisi: imwe firita uye imwe pombi	Nekuda kwekushanda kweinjini, oiri inogona kupupa furo; Iyo girizi inoputika zvakanyanya, nekuda kwekuti iyo injini inogona kuwana nzara yemafuta zvishoma; Kunyange sump iri pazasi peinjini, mafuta achiri asina nguva yekutonhora mairi nekuda kwehoriyamu hombe; Kana uchityaira pane yakatetepa refu, pombi haina kuyamwa mafuta anokwana, izvo zvinogona kukonzera kuti mota iwedzere kupisa.

Mudziyo, musimboti wekushandisa girisi

Iyo yakasarudzika system ine inotevera mamiriro:

• Hole pamusoro pemotokari yekuzadza iro girizi vhoriyamu;
• Iyo yekudonha tireyi umo mafuta ese anounganidza. Kune purogi pazasi iyo yakagadzirirwa kudurura mafuta panguva yekutsiva kana kugadzirisa;
• Iyo pombi inogadzira kumanikidza mumutsara wemafuta;
• Chitupa chinokutendera kuti uone huwandu hwemafuta nemamiriro ayo;
• Mafuta emafuta, anoratidzwa muchimiro chepombi, pfeka pombi yekubatanidza. Kazhinji ine mesh diki yekuchenesa oiri;
• Sefa inobvisa zvidimbu zvidiki kubva mumafuta. Kutenda neizvi, injini yemagetsi yemukati inogamuchira lubrication yemhando yepamusoro;
• Sensor (tembiricha uye kumanikidza);
• Radiator. Inowanikwa mune dzakawanda dzemazuva ano dzakaoma sump motors. Inoshanda kutonhodza oiri yakashandiswa zvakanyanya. Mumota zhinji dzemabhajeti, pani yemafuta inoita basa iri;
• Mafashama ekufashukira. Inodzivirira mafuta kubva kudzoka mudura asina kupedzisa lubrication kutenderera;
• Highway. Muzviitiko zvakawanda, inoitwa muchimiro che grooves mu crankcase uye zvimwe zvikamu (semuenzaniso, maburi mu crankshaft).

Nheyo yekushanda inotevera. Kana injini ikatanga, iyo pombi yemafuta inotanga kushanda. Iyo inopa mafuta kuburikidza nefairifura kuburikidza neyesilinda musoro chiteshi kune iwo akatakurwa zvakanyanya mayuniti yeyuniti - kune mabheyaringi ecrankshaft uye camshaft.

Zvimwe zvinhu zvenguva zvinogamuchira lubrication kuburikidza nemitsetse pa crankshaft main bearing. Oiri inoyerera negiravhiti ichipinda musump pamwe neiyo grooves mumusoro we cylinder. Izvi zvinovhara dunhu.

Mukufananidza nekuzorwa kwezvikamu zvakakosha zveyuniti, oiri inodonha kuburikidza nemakomba mumatanda ekubatanidza uye ndokumhanyisa pisitoni uye pamadziro esirinda. Kutenda neiyi nzira, kupisa kunobviswa kubva pamapistoni, uye kukweshera kweO-zvindori pane humburumbira zvinoderedzwa.

Nekudaro, ma mota mazhinji ane imwe yakati siyanei nzira yekuzora zvikamu zvidiki. Mavari, iyo crank mashini inopwanya madonhwe kuva guruva remafuta, iro rinogara pazvikamu zvakaoma kusvika-kusvika. Nenzira iyi, ivo vanogashira iyo inodikanwa lubrication nekuda kweiyo yakaumbwa microscopic particles yemafuta.

Iyo dhiziri injini yekukwenenzesa system zvakare ine pombi yeiyo turbocharger. Kana muchina uyu uchinge uchishanda, unotanga kupisa nekuda kwemweya wekudzimisa mhepo, uyo unotenderera mhepo, saka mativi awo anodawo kutonhodzwa. Turbocharged peturu injini ine yakafanana dhizaini.

Uye zvakare, tarisa vhidhiyo nezve kukosha kwemafuta emafuta:

Injini yemafuta system, inoshanda sei?

Iko kusanganisa kunyorova sump lubrication system inoshanda

Nheyo yekushanda kwedunhu iri ine zvinotevera zvinotevera. Kana injini yatanga, pombi inodhonzera mafuta muinjini yemafuta enjini. Iyo yekukweva chubhu ine mesh inobvisa hombe tunhu kubva pagirizi.

Oiri inoyerera nepasefa yezvinhu zvemafuta mafirita. Ipapo mutsetse unogovaniswa kune ese mayuniti yeyuniti. Zvichienderana nekushandurwa kweinjini yemukati yemoto, inogona kuve yakagadzirirwa nemipopu yekupfapfaidza kana maburi mumakiyi makuru.

1. Oiri yekuzadza pombi
2. Pombi yemafuta
3. Pombi yemafuta
4. Oiri yekubuda chubhu
5. Centrifugal mafuta firita
6. Sefa yemafuta
7. Oiri yekumanikidza chiratidzo
8. Oiri yefaira yekupfuura vharuvhu
9. Radiator pombi
10. MaRadio
11. Misiyano yevhavha
12. Yekuchengetedza vharafu yeiyo radiator chikamu
13. Mafuta sump
14. Suction pombi ine kudya
15. Oiri yepombi redhiyeta chikamu
16. Chikamu chekupa chepombi yemafuta
17. Kuderedza vharuvhu yechikamu chekutakura
18. Mhango yekuwedzera kuchenesa mafuta kucentrifugal

Yese isina kushandiswa vhoriyamu yemafuta inoenda kuKShM uye nguva, nekuda kweiyo, mune injini inomhanya, girizi inosaswa kune zvimwe zvikamu zveyuniti. Zvese zvinoshanda mvura zvinodzoserwa negiravhiti kudura (sump kana tangi). Panguva ino, mafuta anonatsa pamusoro pezvikamu kubva pamatare esimbi uye mafuta anopiswa. Panguva ino, chiuno chakavharwa.

Chikamu chemafuta uye zvarinoreva

Kunyanya kutariswa kunofanirwa kubhadharwa kune yakawanda sei mafuta ari muinjini. Mune mamodheru ane sump nyoro, iyo nhanho inoratidzirwa neatcheki padipiki haifanire kutenderwa kusimuka kana kudonha Kana kukosha kuri kushoma, mota ichagamuchira girizi isina kukwana (kunyanya kana uchityaira pasi). Kunyangwe zvikamu zvikakwenenzverwa, iwo anopisa mapistoni uye masirinda haazotonhorere, izvo zvinozotungamira pakupisa kwemota.

Iyo yekukwirisa mwero mumotokari inoongororwa neinjini kubva mushure mekudziya-pfupi. Kutanga, pukuta dipstick nedhende. Inobva yadzoserwa panzvimbo. Nekubvisa iyo, mutyairi anogona kuona kuti imafuta mangani ari musump. Kana iri shoma pane inodikanwa, iwe unofanirwa kuzadza vhoriyamu.

Kana iyo inobvumidzwa kukosha ikapfuudzwa, iyo yakawandisa mafuta inopupa furo uye kupisa, izvo zvinokanganisa zvisirizvo mashandiro einjini yemukati yemoto. Muchiitiko ichi, zvinodikanwa kudurura mvura kuburikidza nepulagi pazasi sump. Zvakare, neruvara rwemafuta, iwe unogona kuona kudiwa kwekutsiviwa kwayo.

Imwe mota ine yayo yekumhanyisa girisi. Ruzivo urwu rwunowanikwa mune zvinyorwa zvemota zvemota. Kune injini dzinoda 3,5 litita emafuta, uye pane dziya dzinoda huwandu hunopfuura marita manomwe.

Musiyano uripo pakati peturu nedhiziri injini girisi masisitimu

Mune mota dzakadaro, iyo lubrication system inoshanda mune imwecheteyo nzira, sezvo iine chimiro chakafanana. Musiyano chete izita remafuta anoshandiswa muzvikamu izvi. Injini yedhiziri inopisa zvakanyanya, saka mafuta ayo anofanirwa kuita zvinotevera:

• Kutsungirira dzakakwirira tembiricha;
• Zvirinani kusuka sosi, sezvo iri yakawanda muinjini dzedhiziri;
• Inofanira kunge isinga gadzikane nemakemikari maitiro nekuda kwekubata neyekudzimisa gasi. Mune injini dzedhiziri, gasi rekubvisa rinogona kupinda mu crankcase nekuda kwekumanikidza kwakanyanya. Izvi zvinogona kudzora zvakanyanya hupenyu hweinjini yemafuta.

Kune matatu mavara emafuta:

• Synthetics;
• Semi-synthetics;
• Mineral mvura.

Chimwe nechimwe chazvo chine hwaro mumwe, asi seti yaro yezvimwe, izvo zvinoenderana nemafuta. Iyi paramende inokanganisa kuwanda kwekutsiva. Synthetics ine nguva yakareba, semi-synthetics iri munzvimbo yechipiri, uye oiri yemaminerari iri kumagumo kwerondedzero.

Nekudaro, haisi mota dzese dzinozomhanyisa pane zvigadzirwa (semuenzaniso, mota dzekare dzinoda zvishoma zvine hunyoro firimu remafuta mukobvu). Kurudziro yemhando yemafuta ekuzora uye mirau yekutsiva kwayo inoratidzwa nemugadziri wekufambisa.

Kana maviri-sitiroko injini, muna okunatsiridza akadaro hapana crankcase, uye mafuta hwakakanyiwa peturu. Lubrication yezvinhu zvese inoitika nekuda kwekusangana kwemafuta ane mafuta ari mune mota mota. Iko hakuna gadziriro yekuparadzira gasi mune akadaro enjini anopisa injini, saka girisi yakadaro inokwana.

Iko kune zvakare yakasarudzika lubrication system yemaviri-sitiroko injini. Iine matangi maviri akapatsanuka. Imwe ine mafuta uye imwe ine mafuta. Mvura mbiri idzi dzakasanganiswa mumhepo yekudyara mhasuru yemota. Pane imwe nadzurudzo umo girisi inopihwa kune iyo inotakura kubva kune rakasiyana dura.

Iyi sisitimu inokutendera kuti ugadzirise zvemukati zvemafuta mu peturu maererano neinjini yekushandisa modhi. Chero ipi nzira inogadzirwa nemafuta, mukurohwa kaviri ichiri kusanganiswa nemafuta. Ndokusaka vhoriyamu yayo ichifanira kugara ichizadzwa.

Kurudziro yekushanda uye kugadzirisa iyo lubrication system

Kugara kweinjini kunoenderana nekugona kweinjini girisi system. Neichi chikonzero, anoda kugara achigadziriswa. Maitiro aya anoitwa padanho rega rega rekuchengetedza chero mota. Kana zvimwe zvikamu nemagungano zvikagona kupihwa kutarisirwa kushoma (kunyangwe kuchengetedzeka uye kuvimbika kwekutakura kunoda kutarisirwa kwakakwana kune ese masisitimu), saka kuregeredza mukuchinja mafuta uye firita kunotungamira mukugadzirisa kunodhura. Panyaya yemamwe michina, zvakachipa kutenga imwe nyowani pane kutanga kugadzirisa injini.

Pamusoro pekushandurwa kwenguva yakakodzera kwezvinhu zvinoshandiswa, muridzi wemota anotarisirwa kuti agone kushanda zvine simba simba pacharo. Pakutanga injini mushure menguva yakareba isina basa (maawa mashanu kusvika masere anokwana), mafuta ese ari musump, uye pane chete firimu yemafuta padanho rematanho.

Kana panguva ino ukapa mota mutoro (tanga kutyaira), pasina lubrication rakakodzera, zvikamu zvinokurumidza kutadza. Icho chokwadi ndechekuti iyo pombi inotora imwe nguva kusundira iwo mukobvu oiri (nekuti inotonhora) pamutsetse wese.

Nechikonzero ichi, kunyangwe injini yemazuva ano inoda kudziyirwa padiki kuitira kuti girizi isvike kune ese mayuniti yeyuniti. Maitiro aya haatorezve munguva yechando kupfuura mutyairi ane nguva yekubvisa chando chose mumota (kusanganisira kubva padenga). Motokari dzakagadzirirwa neLPG system dzinoita kuti nzira iyi ive nyore. Iyo yemagetsi haizoshanduri kune gasi kusvikira injini yadziya.

Kunyanya kutariswa kunofanirwa kubhadharwa kune injini yemafuta shanduko mirau. Vazhinji vanovimba mileage, asi chiratidzo ichi hachiwanzo kuratidza nenzira kwayo kuwanda kwenzira yacho. Chokwadi ndechekuti kunyangwe kana mota yakasungwa iri mumotokari kana kuti ikapinda mujamu, mafuta acho achiri kurasikirwa nemidziyo yawo, kunyange mota ichigona kutyaira zvishoma.

Kune rimwe divi, kana mutyairi achiwanzo kutyaira madaro marefu munzira huru, mune iyi oiri mafuta anotambisa sosi yayo kwenguva yakareba, kunyangwe kana mileage yatovharwa kare. Verenga kuti ungaverenga sei maawa emajini pano.

Uye ndeapi mafuta ari nani kudururira muinjini yemota yako zvinotsanangurwa muvhidhiyo inotevera:

Injini yemafuta system, inoshanda sei?

Zvimwe zvinokanganisa girisi

Kazhinji kazhinji, ino sisitimu haina huwandu hwakawanda hwezvikanganiso, asi zvinoratidzwa zvakanyanya nekuwedzera kwekushandisa kwemafuta kana yakaderera kumanikidza. Heano akakanganisa makuru uye maitiro ekugadzirisa iwo:

Kukanganisa chiratidzo:	Zvinogona kuitika malfunctions:	Solution sarudzo:
Kuwedzera kwekushandisa kwemafuta	Iko kuomesa kweiyo firita kwakatyoka (kwakamisikidzwa zvakashata); Kuvuza kuburikidza nemagasketi (semuenzaniso, crankcase gasket); Kuputsika kwePallet; Crankcase ventilation yakavharika; Nguva kana KShM zvinokanganisa.	Tsiva iyo gaskets, tarisa kumisikidzwa kwakakodzera kweiri mafuta firita (vangadai vakaiisa isina kuenzana, iyo yakaita kuti irege kunyatso kumonyaniswa), kugadzirisa iyo nguva, KShM kana kuchenesa iyo crankcase kufefetedza, unofanirwa kubata nyanzvi
Dzvinyiriro yesystem yakadonha	Sefa yakanyatsovharika; Iyo pombi yakaputsika; Iyo yekumanikidza yekudzora vharuvhu (s) yaputswa; Iyo oiri mwero yakaderera; Iyo yekumanikidza sensor yakaputswa.	Sefa kutsiva, kugadzirisa kwakanganisa zvikamu.

Mazhinji mhosho dzinoonekwa nekutarisa kunoonekwa kwesimba remagetsi. Kana mafuta smudges akaonekwa pairi, chikamu ichi chinoda kugadziriswa. Kazhinji, muchiitiko chekudonha kwakanyanya, banga rinogara richiumbwa pasi pemuchina.

Rimwe basa rekugadzirisa rinoda kusasarura kana kuzadza mota, saka muzviitiko zvakadaro zviri nani kuvimba nenyanzvi. Kunyanya kana kusashanda kweKShM kana nguva kunoonekwa. Nekudaro, nekuchengetedzwa kwakakodzera, malfunctions akadaro haawanzo kuitika.

Mibvunzo nemhinduro:

Chii chinonzi lubrication system yeinjini? Iyo lubrication system inoderedza kupokana pakati pezvikamu zveinjini, inova nechokwadi chekubviswa kwekabhoni deposits uye faindi, uye zvakare inotonhorera zvikamu izvi nekudzivirira kubva mukuora.

Tangi remafuta einjini riri kupi? Mune wet sump systems, iyi ndiyo sump (pasi pesilinda block). Mune yakaoma sump masisitimu, iyi inzvimbo yakasarudzika (oiri inogona kudhirowewa pachivharo).

Ndeapi marudzi emafuta ekuzora aripo? 1 wet sump (mafuta mupani); 2 yakaoma sump (mafuta anounganidzwa mune imwe dura). Mafuta anogona kushandiswa nekupfapfaidza, jekiseni rekumanikidza kana musanganiswa.