Zvinorevei Kudzvanya Ratio uye Nei Zvichienderana

Injini yekupisa yemukati mhando yesimba remagetsi rinoshandisa simba rakaburitswa nekuda kwekupisa kwemafuta (peturu, gasi kana mafuta edhiziri). Iyo humburumbira-pisitoni michina, kuburikidza nekamuti kakanongedzera, inoshandura mafambiro ekudzorera kuita iwo anotenderera.

Simba reyuniti yemagetsi rinoenderana nezvinhu zvakawanda, uye chimwe chazvo chiyero chekumanikidza. Ngatitarisei kuti chii, zvinokanganisa sei masimba emota, shanduko iyi paramende, uyezve kuti CC inosiyana sei nekumanikidza.

Kuomesa chiyero fomula (pisitoni injini)

Kutanga, muchidimbu nezve compression ratio pachayo. Kuti mweya-mafuta musanganiswa kwete chete kuti kuvesa, asi kuti putika, anofanira compressed. Chete muchiitiko ichi ndipo panogwinha, izvo zvinofambisa pisitoni mukati mekirinda.

Injini yepiston injini yekupisa yemukati, yakavakirwa pane iyo maitiro ekuwana mechanicha chiito anowanikwa nekuwedzera huwandu hwekushanda hwemafuta. Kana mafuta apiswa, huwandu hwakaburitswa hwegasi hunosundidzira piston uye nekuda kweizvi crankshaft inotenderera. Iyi ndiyo yakajairika mhando yeinjini yekupisa mukati.

Iyo compression ratio inoverengerwa uchishandisa inotevera fomula: CR = (V + C) / C

V - kushanda kwehuwandu hwehumburumbira

C ndiyo vhoriyamu yekamuri yekupisa.

Aya injini ane akawanda masirinda umo mapiston anomanikidza mafuta mukamuri yemoto. Kuwedzera kweiyo compression kwakatemwa nekuchinja kwehuwandu hwenzvimbo mukati mekirinda munzvimbo dzakanyanya dzepiston. Ndokunge, chiyero cheuwandu hwenzvimbo kana mafuta ajowa uye vhoriyamu painopisa mukamuri yemoto. Iyo nzvimbo pakati pezasi neepamusoro yakafa nzvimbo yepisitoni inonzi iro rinoshanda vhorumu. Iyo nzvimbo iri musilinda ine pisitoni kumusoro yepamusoro nzvimbo inonzi yekumanikidza nzvimbo.

Kuomesa chiyero fomula (rotary pisitoni injini)

Injini yepiston inotenderera injini umo basa repiston rinopihwa kune trihedral rotor inoita mafambiro akaomarara mukati megomba rekushanda. Iye zvino injini dzakadaro dzinoshandiswa kunyanya mumotokari yeMazda.

Kune idzi injini, chiyero chekumanikidza chinotsanangurwa sechiyero chepamusoro kusvika padiki vhoriyamu yenzvimbo yekushandira kana piston ichitenderera.

CR = V1 / V2

V1 - nzvimbo yepamusoro yekushanda

V2 ndiyo huwandu hushoma hwenzvimbo yekushanda.

Kufuridzira kwekumanikidza chiyero

Iyo CC fomula inoratidza iyo kangani iyo inotevera chikamu chemafuta chinomanikidzwa mune humburumbira. Iyi paramende inokanganisa mashandiro anoita mafuta, uye zvirimo zvezvinhu zvinokuvadza mukutsiya zvinoenderana neizvi zvakare.

Kune injini dzinoshandura kuomesa chiyero zvichienderana nemamiriro ezvinhu. Vanoshanda pakudzvinyirira kwakanyanya pamitengo yakaderera uye yakadzika compression mitengo pane yakakwira mitoro.

Pamitoro yakakwira, zvinodikanwa kuti uchengetedze compression ratio yakaderera kudzivirira kugogodza. Pamitoro yakaderera zvinokurudzirwa kuti zvive zvakakwirira pakunyatsoshanda kweinjini yemukati yemoto. Mune yakajairwa pisitoni injini, iyo compression reshiyo haina kuchinja uye yakanakira nzira dzese.

Iyo yepamusoro iyo compression ratio, yakasimba kudzvanywa kwemusanganiswa usati wadzima. Iyo compression ratio inobata:

• Iko kushanda kweinjini, simba rayo uye torque;
• chisi;
• kushandiswa kwemafuta.

Izvo zvinokwanisika kuwedzera iyo compression ratio

Maitiro aya anoshandiswa pakugadzirisa injini yemota. Kumanikidza kunoitwa nekushandura vhoriyamu yechinouya chikamu chemafuta. Tisati taita zvemazuva ano izvi, zvinofanirwa kurangarirwa kuti nekuwedzera kwesimba reyuniti, mutoro pazvikamu kwete chete zveinjini yemoto yemukati pachayo, asiwo yemamwe masisitimu, semuenzaniso, kufambisa uye chassis, ichawedzerawo.

Izvo zvakakodzera kuti utarise kuti maitiro anodhura, uye mune yekushandurwa kwezvikamu zvine simba zvakakwana, kuwedzera kwesimba rebhiza kunogona kunge kusingakoshe. Kune nzira dzinoverengeka dzekuwedzera huwandu hwekumanikidza mumakomba pazasi.

Cylinder inofinha

Iyo yakanyanya kunaka nguva yeiyi nzira ndeyekugadzirisa kukuru kwemotokari. Zvakangofanana, humburumbira chinoda kubviswa, saka zvichave zvakachipa kuita mabasa maviri aya panguva imwe chete.

Kana anofinha sepombi, vhoriyamu yeinjini ichawedzera, uye izvi zvakare zvinoda kuiswa kwepistoni nemhete dzehupamhi hombe. Vamwe vanhu vanosarudza kugadzirisa mapistoni kana mhete, asi mukusimudzira zviri nani kushandisa mifanano yezviyero zvine vhoriyamu hombe, yakaiswa kufekitori.

Kuchifinha kunofanirwa kuitwa nehunyanzvi vachishandisa chakakosha michina. Iyi ndiyo chete nzira yekuwana zvakakwana mayunifomu masilinda.

Kupedzisa kwesirinda musoro

Nzira yechipiri yekuwedzera huwandu hwekumanikidza ndeyekucheka pasi pesirinda musoro ne router. Panyaya iyi, vhoriyamu sepombi anoramba akafanana, asi nzvimbo iri pamusoro pebhosvo inoshanduka. Mupendero unobviswa mukati memiganhu yekugadzira mota. Maitiro aya anofanirwa kuitwawo nehunyanzvi uyo atove kuita mhando iyi yekushandurwa kwemota.

Muchiitiko ichi, iwe unofanirwa kunyatsoverenga huwandu hwemucheto wakabviswa, nekuti kana zvanyanya kubviswa, pisitoni inobata vharuvhu yakavhurika. Izvi, zvakare, zvinokanganisa mashandiro emota, uye mune dzimwe nguva, kunyange kuita kuti isashande, izvo zvinoda kuti utsvage musoro mutsva.

Mushure mekudzokorora humburumbira musoro, zvichave zvakafanira kugadzirisa mashandiro egasi rekuparadzira mashandiro kuitira kuti igovane nemazvo zvikamu zvekuvhura vharuvhu.

Kupisa kamuri vhoriyamu kuyerwa

Usati watanga kumanikidza injini nenzira dzakanyorwa, iwe unofanirwa kuziva chaizvo kuti yakawanda sei kamuri yemoto (pamusoro penzvimbo yepiston kana iyo pisitoni yasvika pamusoro pevakafa nzvimbo).

Haasi ese ehunyanzvi zvinyorwa zvemotokari anoratidza iwo ma parameter, uye chimiro chakaomarara chemasirinda emamwe injini dzemoto dzemukati hachibvumidze kuverenga nemazvo vhoriyamu iyi.

Pane imwe nzira yakaratidzirwa yekuyera vhoriyamu yechikamu ichi chesilinda. Iyo crankshaft inoshanduka kuitira kuti pisitoni iri munzvimbo yeTDC. Iyo kenduru haina kukamurwa uye nerubatsiro rwevolumetric syringe (iwe unogona kushandisa yakakura kwazvo - yemakumi maviri cubes) injini yemafuta inodururwa mukenduru zvakanaka.

Huwandu hwemafuta anodururwa mukati hunongoita huwandu hwenzvimbo yepiston. Huwandu hwesirinda imwe hwakaverengerwa zvakapusa - iyo vhoriyamu yeinjini yemukati yemoto (inoratidzwa mune pepa re data) inofanira kuganhurwa nenhamba yemasilindiri. Uye iyo compression ratio inoverengerwa uchishandisa fomura inoratidzwa pamusoro

Muvhidhiyo yekuwedzera iwe unodzidza kuti ungavandudza sei kugona kwemota kana iwe ukaivandudza zvinehunhu:

ICE dzidziso: Ibadullaev kutenderera injini (maitiro)

Kukanganisa kwekuwedzera huwandu hwekumanikidza:

Iyo compression ratio inobata zvakananga kumanikidza mumotokari. Kuti uwane rumwe ruzivo nezve kumanikidza, ona mune imwe wongororo... Nekudaro, usati wafunga kushandura compression ratio, unofanirwa kufunga kuti izvi zvichave nemhedzisiro inotevera:

• nguva isati yakwana-kuvesa mafuta;
• injini zvikamu zvinokurumidza kupera.

Maitiro ekuyera kumanikidza kumanikidza

Mitemo yekutanga yekuyera:

• Injini inodziyirwa kusvika kushanda tembiricha;
• Iyo peturu system yakabviswa;
• makenduru akasunungurwa (kunze kwesilinda, iyo iri kuongororwa);
• bhatiri inobhadharwa;
• air filter - yakachena;
• gearbox rakachinjirwa kune kwazvakarerekera.

Kuti uwane ruzivo rwakakwana nezve injini, iyo compression pressure mumasilinda inoyerwa. Usati wayera, injini inodziyirwa kuti ione kuchena pakati pepiston necylinder. Iyo compression sensor igeji yekumanikidza, kana kuti gauge yekumanikidza, inopindirwa mukati pachinzvimbo che spark plug. Injini inozotangwa neanotangisa ane accelerator pedal depressed (open throttle). Iyo compression pressure inoratidzwa pamuseve weiyo compression gauge. A compression gauge chishandiso chekuyera compression pressure.

Compression pressure ndiyo yakanyanya kusvikika dzvinyiriro pakupera kweinjini yekudzvanya sitiroko, apo musanganiswa hausati wabatidzwa. Kuwanda kwekumanikidza kunoenderana

• compression reshiyo;

• injini kumhanya;

• dhigirii rekuzadza sepombi;

• kuomarara kwekamuri rinopisa.

Idzi parameter dzese, kunze kwekusimba kwekamuri rinopisa, inogara iripo uye inoiswa neinjini dhizaini. Naizvozvo, kana chiyero chikaratidza kuti imwe yemasirinda haisviki pahuwandu hwakataurwa nemugadziri, zvino izvi zvinoratidza kudonha mukamuri yemoto. Kumanikidza kumanikidza kunofanirwa kunge kwakafanana mune ese masirinda.

Zvinokonzera kudzikira kwekumanikidza

• vharuvhu yakakuvara;
• chitubu chevhavha yakakuvadzwa;
• chigaro chevhavha chakapfekwa;
• yakasakara pisitoni mhete;
• humburumbira injini;
• humburumbira musoro wakakuvadzwa;
• yakakuvara humburumbira musoro gasket.

Mukamuri rinopisa rinoshanda, iwo musiyano wakakura mukumanikidza kumanikidza pamasirinda ega kusvika 1 bhawa (0,1 MPa). Kumanikidza kumanikidzwa kunosvikira 1,0 kusvika 1,2 MPa yeinjini dze peturu uye 3,0 kusvika 3,5 MPa yeinjini dzedhiziri.

Kudzivirira kusati kwasvika autoignition yemafuta, iyo compression ratio yeakanaka kuveza injini haifanire kupfuura 10: 1. Injini dzakashongedzerwa neinogogodza sensor, yemagetsi control unit uye zvimwe zvishandiso zvinogona kuwana compression ratios kusvika pa14: 1.

Kune peturu turbo injini, iyo compression reshiyo iri 8,5: 1, sezvo chikamu chekumanikidza kwemvura inoshanda inoitwa mu turbocharger.

Tafura yemakomputa makuru ekumanikidza uye mafuta akakurudzirwa epeturu emagetsi enjini epasi:

Kukanganiswa kwehuwandu	Gasoline
Kusvikira 10	92
10,5-12	95
kubva ku12	98

Nekudaro, iyo yakakwira iyo compression ratio, inowedzera octane iyo peturu inoda kushandiswa. Chaizvoizvo, kuwedzera kwayo kunotungamira mukuwedzera kweinjini kushanda uye kuderera kwemafuta.

Iyo yakakwana compression ratio yeinjini yedhiziri iri pakati pe18: 1 na22: 1, zvinoenderana neyuniti. Mune injini dzakadai, iyo jekiseni mafuta inodzidziswa nekupisa kwemhepo yakamanikidzwa. Naizvozvo, compression reshiyo yemadhiziri enjini inofanira kunge iri pamusoro kupfuura injini dzemafuta. Iyo compression ratio yeinjini yedhiziri inogumira nemutoro kubva pakumanikidza muinjini humburumbira.

Kudzvinyirira

Kutsikirira ndiyo dhigirii repamusoro-soro rekumanikidza kwemhepo muinjini inoitika muhumburumbira panoperera sitiroko yekumanikidza uye inoyerwa mumhepo. Compression inogara yakakwira kupfuura iyo yekumanikidza reshiyo yeinjini yekupisa yemukati. Paavhareji, nereshiyo yekumanikidza inosvika gumi, kudzvanywa kunenge kuri 10. Izvi zvinoitika nekuti kana kudzvanywa kuchiyerwa, tembiricha yemusanganiswa wemhepo-mafuta inokwira.

Heino pfupi vhidhiyo pane compression ratio:

Compression reshiyo uye compression. Ndeupi musiyano? Ichi chinhu chimwe chete kana kwete. Kungoda kuomarara

Kumanikidza kunoratidza kuti injini iri kushanda zvakajairika, uye chiyero chekumanikidza chinotarisa kuti ndeipi mafuta ekushandisa iyo injini Iyo yakakwira kumanikidza, iko kukwirira iyo octane nhamba inodikanwa kuti ishande zvakanaka.

Mienzaniso yekukanganisa kweinjini:

Kukanganisa	Zviratidzo zve	Kudzvinyirira, MPa	Kudzvinyirira, MPa
Hapana hurema	kwete	1,0-1,2	0,6-0,8
Kutsemuka mubhiriji repiston	yakakwira crankcase kumanikidza, bhuruu chiutsi utsi	0,6-0,8	0,3-0,4
Kuneta kwepiston	Izvozvowo, iyo humburumbira haishande pane yakaderera kumhanya	0,5-0,5	0-0,1
Kubatanidzwa kwezvindori mumapiston grooves	Zvimwe chete	0,2-0,4	0-0,2
Kubvuta kwepiston uye humburumbira	Zvakafanana, kusaenzana kushanda kwesirinda pane isina basa kunogona	0,2-0,8	0,1-0,5
Valve deformation	Iyo humburumbira haishande pane yakaderera kumhanya	0,3-0,7	0-0,2
Kupisa kwevhavhavha	Zvimwe chete	0,1-0,4	0
Camshaft cam profile chirema	Zvimwe chete	0,7-0,8	0,1-0,3
Carbon inoisa mukamuri yemoto + kupfeka kwevhavha dzedziviriro uye zvindori	Kushandiswa kwemafuta kwakanyanya + chiutsi chebhuruu	1,2-1,5	0,9-1,2
Kupfeka kwesirinda-pisitoni boka	Mafuta akakwirira uye mafuta ekushandisa marara	0,2-0,4	0,6-0,8

Zvikonzero zvikuru zvekutarisa injini:

• kuwedzera kweusimbe;
• yakaderera mafuta kumanikidza;
• kushandiswa kwemafuta akawanda;
• dambudziko kuvhura;
• kudzvinyirira kwakaderera;
• bhuruu chiutsi magasi;
• mafuta akawanda;
• isina kukwana isina basa;
• kusimba kwakasimba;
• soot pamakenduru / anowanzo kutsiva makenduru;
• kugogodza / kupisa kweinjini;
• kupfeka kwemasiketi;
• pulsation mune gasi inoburitsa hose kubva ku crankcase.

Pakutanga, injini dzakagadzirwa kubva kune izvo zvinozivikanwa uye zvakajairika zvinhu sesimbi yakakandwa, simbi, ndarira, aluminium uye mhangura. Asi mumakore achangopfuura, kunetseka kwemotokari kwave kuchiedza kuwana simba rakawanda uye huremu hushoma hweinjini dzavo, uye izvi zviri kuita kuti vashandise zvinhu zvitsva - ceramic-metal composite, silicon-nickel coatings, polymeric carbons, titanium, pamwe nezvimwe zvakasiyana. alloys.

Chikamu chinorema cheinjini ivharovha yehumburumbira, iyo yakagara yakagadzirwa nesimbi yakakandwa. Basa guru nderokugadzira simbi yakakandwa nemhando dzakanakisisa, pasina kupa simba rayo, kuitira kuti usaita cylinder liners kubva kune simbi yakakandwa (izvi dzimwe nguva zvinoitwa pamarori, apo chimiro chakadaro chinobhadhara mari).

Mibvunzo nemhinduro:

Chii chinoitika kana iwe ukawedzera compression ratio? Kana injini iri peturu, ipapo detonation ichaumbwa (peturu ine nhamba yakakwirira ye octane inodiwa). Izvi zvichawedzera kushanda kwemota uye simba rayo. Muchiitiko ichi, kushandiswa kwemafuta kuchava kushoma.

Chii chinonzi compression ratio muinjini yepeturu? Muzhinji mukati memoto injini, iyo yekumanikidza reshiyo ndeye 8-12. Asi pane injini iyo parameter iyi 13 kana 14. Kana iri injini yedizeli, iri 14-18 mavari.

Ko compression yakakwirira inorevei? Apa ndipo apo mweya nemafuta zvinopinda muhumburumbira zvinotsikirirwa mukamuri iri diki pane yakajairika saizi yekamuri yevhezheni yejini.

Chii chinonzi Low Compression? Apa ndipo apo mhepo nemafuta anopinda muhumburumbira zvakatsikirirwa mukamuri yakakura kudarika yakajairika saizi yekamuri yevhezheni yepasi pejini.