Kwayedza drive Bentley Flying Spur inopesana naPierce-Arrow Model 54
Pakati peBentley Flying Spur W12 uye iyo Pierce-Arrow Model 54 Kirabhu Sedan kwemakore makumi masere nemasere uye musiyano mukuru wehunyanzvi. Asi pane chimwe chinhu chinovabatanidza
Zvisinganzwisisike, iyo Buffalo-yakavakirwa George Pierce yakasimba yakatanga neakanaka mashanga eshiri. Nekusimba uye gigantism iyo yaacharatidza mumakore anouya, matanga enzou angave akamukodzera. Kambani iyi yaigadzira mabhasikoro, midhudhudhu, marori, mabhazi nematrailer, asi yakave nembiri nemota dzayo.
Yekutanga yakasikwa muna 1901, uye kuvimbika kwakabva kwaiswa kumberi. Zvese zvakaitwa nemahombekombe akakura - aluminium epaneru emuviri haana kudhonzwa, asi kukandwa. Muna 1910, 4-humburumbira injini ine vhoriyamu ingangoita gumi nemaviri litita dzakatsiviwa neakanyanya kutyisa mu-mutsara "matanhatu" - 12 litita. Sezvingatarisirwa, Pierce-Arrow akatsungirira kuneta kwekutsungirira marathoni, uye simba ravo uye kuvimbika kwemotokari dzekupfura nekukurumidza zvakakunda kunzwira tsitsi kwevakuru veAmerica. Kumwe kwekushambadzira kwakadada yakaratidza mota yemhuri yemagineti ekubika (rangarira doro reBudweiser?) Kuna Adolphus Busch III uye akasimbisa kuti mota yagara ichishandiswa nemuridzi kweanopfuura makore masere.
MunaJune 1919, Mutungamiri weU.S. Woodrow Wilson, uyo anga achangobva kudzoka kubva kuParis Peace Conference, anga akamirira kabhiri kane marara kaPierce-Arrow. Panguva imwecheteyo, murume wechiRungu Walter Owen Bentley akange oda kungonyoresa kambani yemotokari yakatumidzwa zita rake. KuLondon Motor Show, airatidza chassis ine injini yekunyepedzera, uye prototypes dzakavakwa mudanga pane Baker Street. Mutengi wekutanga akagamuchira mota munaGunyana 1921 chete. Uye akabva aziva kukosha kukuru kwechiratidzo chitsva - mota. Simba remagetsi rine mavhavha mana nemapulagi maviri pasirinda yakagadzira 65 hp, uye simba reiyo mijaho shanduro yakaunzwa kune 92 horsepower.
Kwete zvakawanda: kunyangwe nemuviri usingaremi uye pfupi-wheelbase chassis, yekutanga Bentleys yakanga isina kurema. Zvakangodaro, injini yaive yakavimbika uye yaive yekutenda hunhu uhwu kuti Bentley 3 Liter yakatanga mugwagwa unokunda mumotokari yemijaho. Zvakare, denderedzwa revapererwa nemarasha, vatambi uye vafambi - Bentley Boys - yakarongeka yakatenderedza iyo nyowani nyowani. Muna 1924 vaive vekutanga muLe Mans, uyezve vakakunda kakawanda. Ettore Bugatti akazvidza akadana Bentley "rori rinokurumidza kwazvo pasirese", asi "mabhiza ake asina mbichana" akawana mhedzisiro makore mashoma mushure mechiratidzo cheBritish chakasiya mujaho wemaawa makumi maviri nemana.
Mumwe weBentley Boys, Wolf Barnato, mujaho, mutambi wetsiva, cricketer uye tenesi mutambi uye chii, akafunga kutora kambani yake yaanoda. Neraki, nyika yemugari wenhaka kuhushe hwedhaimondi yakabvumidzwa. Yake squat Gurney-Nutting coupe yaifananidzirwa ichimhanya yakasarudzika Blue Chitima. Barnato akaita nharo pamusoro pegirazi rechampagne kuti aizotora chitima uye ave wekutanga kubva kuCannes kuenda kuLondon, uye kunyangwe paine zvipingaidzo zvakamutevera, akakunda. Aityaira mota aine 6,5-litre inline "matanhatu". Iyi injini yaisarudzwawo neavo vairaira yakasvibirira-huremu miviri paBentley chassis. Gare gare, yakatowedzera simba-8-litre unit.
Misoro yemwenje-makoni akadzika mukati mevadziviriri - ndizvo zvinoita kuti zvikwanisike kutsanangura mota yePierce-Arrow ine chokwadi chakazara. Ivo vakagadzirwa neiye mudiki dhizaini Herbert Dawley kumashure muna 1913, asi kunyangwe muma1930 zvaitaridzika kunge zvisina basa. Aitungamirirwa nezvakakosha kufunga - iwo marambi epamberi aive pamapapiro akapa kuvhenekerwa kuri nani kwemugwagwa nekutendeuka, uye nekuwedzera, ivo vaidzivirirwa zvakavimbika kubva pamatombo. Magetsi emagetsi aive akareruka kupfuura acetylene, saka pakanga pasina matambudziko nekuiisa pamapapiro, uye ukobvu hwemapapiro aPierce-Arrow hunoshamisa.
Imwe yekuwedzera mwenje yakanga ichiri kuiswa pamberi peiyo radiator grill. Saka murima, maPier akapenya semuti weKisimusi. Zvakachengeteka uye hazvingamboitika kune chero munhu anofamba bhasikoro kuchovha pakati pemagetsi maviri ari padanho rakanaka kubva kune mumwe. Iwo marambi epamberi pevadziviriri akazove chikamu chakakosha chePierce-Arrow mufananidzo uye vakatodzivirirwa kubva mukuteedzera neakakosha patent.
Pakupera kwema1920, mota dzePierce-Arrow dzaive dzakachengetedza zvakanyanya uye dzaidhura kupfuura avo vaikwikwidza. Nekuda kweizvozvo, kambani yaifanirwa kucheka mitengo, uyezve ndokuenda kunobatanidzwa neiyo isingazivikanwe automaker Studebaker.
“Vatungamiriri vakatarisana nemubvunzo wakakomba wekuti chikamu chakazvimiririra chekugadzira mota chinogona kukwikwidza kwenguva yakareba nemakambani akaita seGeneral Motors, Studebaker, Kreisler nevamwe, vane huwandu hwezvigadzirwa, mhando dzakasiyana uye sangano rekutengesa rinopa kudiwa kwevatengi kwakasimba uye simba rezvemari. inopfuura chinzvimbo chekambani yega yega ine nhamba shoma yekugadzira, "magazini inonzi Za Rulem yakataura nezvevatungamiriri vaPierce-Arrow kune vagovana muna 1928.
Kubatanidzwa kwaive kwakadai sekuchengetedza Pierce-Arrow kubva mukubhuroka, asi nekuda kweizvi, iyo Buffalo-based automaker yakagamuchira mari inodiwa uye yakakwanisa kuwedzera yayo mutengesi network. "Studebaker" yakawana iyo inozivikanwa brand. Nekubatana kwekuyedza, injini nyowani inokwana 8-humburumbira ine huwandu hwe6 malita uye inokwana 125 emabhiza yakagadziridzwa, ndizvo zvakaita iyo iri pasi pehodhi yemota kubva kuunganidzwa weKamyshmash, yakaburitswa muna 1931. Zvikasadaro, madhipatimendi ekugadzira emakambani maviri aya akaramba achivapo akazvimiririra.
Kazhinji, Pierce-Arrow maposta airatidzira vakashongedzwa vakapfeka varume nevakadzi vanga vachangosvika panzvimbo yemitambo kana yacht kirabhu. Dzimwe nguva, iyo yakapendwa Pierce-Arrow yakakwira kuenda kumaodzanyemba kweAmerica, asi chete kuitira kuratidza kuvimbika kwekushamisika. Iko zvirokwazvo kune anotyaira mukapu uye yunifomu yegrey padhuze nevasina hanya hupenyu-vanopa.
Izvi hazvisi chete chinzvimbo chinhu - kuti vakwanise kurarama hofori motokari, aifanira chaizvo vakadzidziswa munhu. Aiziva zvaibatwa nekushinyira kwekunze, mashandisiro emahara emahara uye mangani mawindo ekuvhura mumativi ehodhi kuti mota huru ifeme nyore. Uye kunze kweizvozvo, aive akasarudzika neakanaka chimiro chemuviri, achiita sesimba remagetsi, anti-kukiya braking system uye mubatsiri wekupaka. Pano, kunyangwe iyo visor yezuva yakagadzirirwa munhu mune chivharo, zvikasadaro inovhara pasi mutyairi.
Kuti utange mota hofori, unofanirwa kumanikidza zvinetsoka tsoka yako mubhatani rekutangisa kwetsoka uye panguva imwe chete svina mumashure me sofa. Iyo inline mitanhatu-litre "sere" inomuka neiri kukura clang, simbi inonzwika uye yayo ine ruzha pasi kurira, asi inoshanda chaizvo mushe. Gare gare, mota, dzinozorora pamakusheni erabha, dzinowana ma hydraulic valves uye dzikanyarara. Iyo yekumberi ekisero yePierce-Arrow inoita kunge yatove yakanyarara, hypoid, asi zvakare inorira. Zvisinei, kwezera rayo imotokari yakanyarara. Makumi makumi maviri haasi kungodzvova chete, ivo vari kuungudzawo magiya uye vachikwenya mabhokisi emagetsi asina ma synchronizers.
Mudhiraivho unongotendeuka zviri nyore kana mota ichifamba. Muchivanze cheiyo "Kamyshmash" yekuratidzira horo, Pierce-Arrow akaita senzou mune china shopu, uye mamwe magirazi pamatare ekuchengetedza haabatsire zvakanyanya. Chete pakati pemasekisheni emota pane 3,5 m, pamwe neakakura mahedhiyo anotenderera, pamwe nemahwindo egirazi uye akakosha ekuratidzira kutenderera. Chinhu chikuru ndechekuvhurira munzira huru ine padiki pekutendeuka: ipapo injini inozogadzira yayo torque ye339 Nm uye inoratidza zvainokwanisa. Kuratidzira kwesimba hakudi kumhanya kwakanyanya, kunyangwe zvichinzi mota inorema inogona kumhanyisa nyore kusvika ku100 km / h uye nezvimwe. Chinhu chikuru ndechekumira munguva.
Zvimedu zvitatu zvinogona kuchinjiswa nehurefu hwakareba pasina matambudziko, uye kuyedza pazvinhu zvakakura kunogamuchirwa, asi kubva pakuona kwemutyairi, Pierce-Arrow yakafanana nerori, uye kubva pakuona kwevatakurwi - hombe ngoro ine zvitubu zvakapfava. Chikamu chakakomberedzwa chinotora kumashure kwese kwemuviri. Sherefu rakavhurika rinoitirwa mukwende kumashure, uye chipfuva chine butiro risingapindi mvura chakasungirirwa pairi. Iyo yemukati nezvigaro zvakasimudzwa mune gobvu rakakora uye rakanyanya mhando yemvere dzemakwai, mune dzidziso, inodzivirira vafambi kubva kuchando. Zvisinei, kune zvakare heater.
Ashtray lampshades, ine magirazi, masuo ekubata, vaseji emaruva - zvese zvinoitwa zvakanyanyisa, asi aya ndiwo mamhoreso ekupedzisira enguva inobuda. Hazvishamisi kuti mutumbi wakaburitswa pakutanga pane chassis - zvakaitika. Gore rega rega, mitsara yemotokari dzePierce-Arrow yakaramba ichiwedzera kunge mifananidzo yekushambadzira, uko mota dzakaratidzwa squat yakawanda, asi dzaive dzichingori ngoro dzekare.
Iyo kambani yakapinda Kudengenyeka Kukuru pakukwira: kutengesa kwe1929 kwakapetwa kaviri mukuenzanisa ne1928, asi ipapo kuderera kunotarisirwa kwakatanga. Injini nyowani yeV12 yakaonekwa pamotokari dzePierce-Arrow mumashure pane vakwikwidzi, uye kuyedza kugadzira mota yeramangwana kwakundikana - iyo Pierce Sirivhi Museve nemuviri wakadzora wakazove unodhura zvakanyanya uye yakavakwa mumakopi mashanu chete.
Zvakatoipisisa, Studebaker akatanga kuve nematambudziko: munaKurume, kambani yakamisikidza kubhuroka, uye mushure mechinguva purezidhendi wekambani, Albert Erskine, akazviuraya. Sezvineiwo, iyo Pierce-Arrow yakanga iine mwero wepamusoro wekuchengetedza, uye iyo femu yakaramba ichifamba yega. Nekudaro, kana iyo mari yevagadziri vatsva kubva kuBuffalo, kana nemitumbi yakadzvanywa ingatove yakaenzana kutengesa.
Iyo inodhura kwazvo 8A, inowanikwa segoridhe maringe neplatinamu, haina kubudirira. Iyo mota yakavakwa kumatanho epamusoro akafanana uye yaive yakasununguka zvakanyanya. Muna 836, kambani yakadzokera kune pfungwa yemuenzaniso pakati pechikamu chemutengo, asi zvakanyanyisa, uye muna Chivabvu wegore rinotevera, dhenementi yakauya.
Muna 1931, apo Pierce Arrow achiri kuita zvakanaka, Bentley ainyura muchikwereti. Kukudziridzwa kwe8-litre injini kwaida zvakakosha mari, uye kutanga kwedambudziko remari kwakapedzisa kukundwa. Wolf Barnato akange asisa kwanise kuchengetedza kambani, uye munaNovember yakawanikwa neBritish central peer trust, yakazove Rolls-Royce.
Iye muridzi mutsva akamisa kugadzirwa kwe8-litre Bentleys, uye akachinja mhando idzva kuita shanduro dzemitambo yeRoll. Yakarasikirwa nerusununguko rwayo, iyo yeBritain brand zvisinei yakaramba iripo Mushure mekufamba pasi pemapapiro eVW Boka mukupera kwema1990, yakaparadzaniswa naRolls-Royce. Kuchengetedza iyo inochengetedza Arnage uye Mulsanne mamodheru, maGerman akavhura anodhura mamodheru, achivapa iwo ese akanakisa eVW panguva iyoyo - chikuva chemhando yepamusoro yePaeton modhi uye hunyanzvi hwehunyanzvi hwehunyanzvi, ndiko kuti, W12 injini.
Iyo Flying Spur sedan yakanga isina kubudirira senge hanzvadzi yayo Continental GT coupe, asi zvakadaro yakatengesa huwandu hunoshamisa hwemakopi emota yeBentley. Iyi mota inoonekwa seisiri yepamutemo, ichinongedzera mapfundo uye mabhatani kubva kune asingazivikanwe VW Group mamodheru, asi uku ndiko kutaridzika kwemurume anobuda muPolo Sedan. Mushure mezuva rakapedzerwa rakakomberedzwa nemotokari dzekare kubva kuunganidzwa yeKamyshmash, unoona chimwe chakasiyana zvachose.
Zvinotoshamisa kuti remake iri rine mweya weClassic Bentley. Chii chinotsanangura mota yakasarudzika uye inodhura. Uye iyi mota yemutyairi, kusiyana nePierce-Arrow, iri hafu rori nehafu yengoro. Kunyangwe iyo yemitambo yemukati ine kabhoni inoisa, iyo yakaoma stiffer inoremedza yeW12, kana marimu matema akasanganiswa neorenwork bodywork anogona kudzikisira chinyakare chinyakare cheFlying Spur nemaburi ayo ese anopenya uye makobvu eganda. Ichi ndicho chikonzero mota, yakaunzwa muna2005, inononoka kupfuura ayo infotainment system.
"Ini handidi kutyaira mota pa125 kana kunyangwe mamaira zana paawa, ndinoda kuva nemota yakavakwa uye yakagadzirirwa nenzira yekuti kumhanya kwese kungori kutamba kwevana," akadaro mutauriri wekambani Eba Jenkins 'kurekodha mumweya uyu. yakasvika mamaira 100 paawa (128 km / h) pamushini wakagadzirirwa.
Izvi zvinogona kutaurwa nezveBentley Flying Spur. Mune iyo W12 S vhezheni ine 635 hp injini. uye 820 Nm, inokwanisa kusvika nyore 320 makiromita paawa. Asi kunyangwe pakumhanya kwakaderera, chivimbo chakasimba simba hachiite kuti iwe upanikire huwandu hwakataurwa.
| Tora | Sedan | Sedan |
| Kuyera (kureba / upamhi / kukwirira), mm | 5299/2207/1488 | nd |
| Wiricheya, mm | 3066 | 3480 |
| Trunk vhoriyamu, l | 475 | nd |
| Kurema kwehuremu, kg | 2475 | pamusoro pe2200 |
| Huremu hwakazara, kg | 2972 | nd |
| mhando yeinjini | Peturu W12 | Peturu 8-humburumbira, mutsetse |
| Kushanda vhoriyamu, cubic metres cm | 5998 | 3998 |
| Max. simba, hp (paRpm) | 635/6000 | 125 / nd |
| Max. kutonhora. nguva, Nm (paRpm) | 820/2000 | 339 / nd |
| Rudzi rwekutyaira, kufambisa | Yakazara, 8АКП | Kumashure, 3MKP |
| Max. kumhanya, km / h | 325 | 137 |
| Kufambisa kubva ku0 kusvika 100 km / h, s | 4,5 | nd |
| Mafuta anoshandiswa, l / 100 km | 14,4 | nd |
