BMW

Содержание ОсновательЭмблемаИстория автомобиля в моделяхВопросы и ответы: Среди самых известных автомобильных производителей, продукция которого пользуется уважением во всем мире, является BMW. Iyo kambani inobata mukugadzira mota dzevafambi, crossovers, mota dzemitambo uye mota mota. Iyo mhando inotungamirwa kuGermany - guta reMunich. Nhasi, boka racho rinosanganisira mhando dzinozivikanwa seMini, pamwe nechikamu chekutanga chekugadzirwa kwemotokari dzemhando yepamusoro - Rolls-Royce. Pesvedzero yekambani inopararira pasirese. Nhasi inosanganisirwa mune rondedzero yemakambani matatu anotungamira emotokari muEurope, ayo anoshanda mumotokari dzakasarudzika uye dzekutanga. Ko fekitari diki yekusikwa kweinjini dzendege yakakwanisa sei kukwira kusvika kumusoro kwe "Olympus" munyika yevagadziri? Heino nyaya yake. Muvambi Izvo zvese zvakatanga muna 1913 nekugadzirwa kwebhizinesi diki rine hunyanzvi hudiki. Iyo kambani yakavambwa naGustav Otto, mwanakomana wemugadziri akaita mupiro wakakura mukuvandudzwa kweinjini yekupisa mukati. Kugadzirwa kweinjini dzendege panguva iyoyo kwaive kuri kudiwa, zvichipihwa mamiriro eHondo Yenyika Yekutanga. Mumakore iwayo, Karl Rapp naGustav vakasarudza kugadzira kambani yakabatana. Rakanga riri bhizinesi rakabatanidzwa, iro raisanganisira mafemu maviri madiki aivepo kare. Muna 1917, vakanyoresa kambani bmw, chidimbu chayo chakatsanangurwa zviri nyore - Bavarian Motor Plant. Kubva panguva ino inotanga nhoroondo yeatove anozivikanwa automaker. Iyo kambani yakanga ichiri kuita mukugadzira masimba emagetsi eGerman aviation. Nekudaro, zvese zvakachinja nekupinda musimba kweChibvumirano cheVersailles. Dambudziko nderekuti Germany, pasi pemitemo yeChibvumirano, yakarambidzwa kugadzira zvigadzirwa zvakadaro. Panguva iyoyo, ndiyo chete niche umo brand yakagadziridzwa. Kuchengetedza kambani, vashandi vakasarudza kuchinja chimiro chayo. Kubva panguva iyoyo, vanga vachigadzira mota dzekutakura mudhudhudhu. Mushure menguva pfupi, vakawedzera chiyero chezviitiko, uye vakatanga kugadzira midhudhudhu yavo. Yekutanga modhi yakatenderedzwa kubva pamutsetse wegungano muna 1923. Yaiva R32 ine mavhiri maviri. Mudhudhudhu wakadanana neveruzhinji, kwete chete nekuda kweungano yemhando yepamusoro, asi zvakanyanya nekuda kwekuti yaive yekutanga BMW mudhudhudhu kugadzira rekodhi yenyika. Imwe yekugadziridzwa kweiyi nhevedzano, iyo yaityairwa naErnst Henne, yakakunda nhanho yemakiromita 279,5 paawa. Hapana aigona kutora bhawa iri kwemakore gumi nemana anotevera. Imwe rekodhi yenyika ndeyekugadzirwa kweinjini yendege, Motor4. Kuti arege kutyora zvirevo zvechibvumirano cherunyararo, iyi simba unit yakagadzirwa mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzeEurope. Iyi ICE yakaiswa mundege iyo muna 19 yakakunda iyo yakanyanya kureba muganho wemhando dzekugadzira - 9760m. Yakafadzwa nekuvimbika kweiyo modhi yeyuniti, Soviet Russia inopedzisa chibvumirano pakusikwa kweazvino mota kwairi. I30s yezana remakore rechi19 inozivikanwa nokuda kwendege dzeRussia ndege pamusoro pemarekodhi madaro, uye kukosha kweizvi ndiko chaizvo injini yekupisa yevaBavaria. Atova mukutanga kwema1940, kambani iyi yakanga yatowana mukurumbira wakanaka, zvisinei, sezvazvakaita mune mamwe makambani emota, uyu mugadziri akarasikirwa zvakanyanya nekuda kwekutanga kweHondo Yenyika II. Saka, kugadzirwa kweinjini dzendege kwakawedzera zvishoma nezvishoma nekuvandudzwa kwemidhudhudhu inomhanyisa uye yakavimbika. Yasvika nguva yekuti brand iwedzere zvakanyanya, uye kuve mugadziri wemotokari. Asi tisati tapfuura nepakati pezviitiko zvenhoroondo zvekambani, iyo yakasiya mucherechedzo wavo pamhando dzemotokari, zvakakosha kuterera kune chiratidzo chechiratidzo. Emblem Pakutanga, apo kambani yakasikwa, vadyidzani havana kumbofunga nezvekugadzira yavo logo. Pakanga pasina chikonzero cheizvi, sezvo chigadzirwa chimwe chete chaishandiswa - mauto eGermany. Pakanga pasina chikonzero chekusiyanisa zvigadzirwa zvavo kubva kune vakwikwidzi, sezvo pakanga pasina vakwikwidzi panguva iyoyo. Nekudaro, pakanyoreswa brand, manejimendi aifanira kudoma chaiyo logo. Hazvina kutora nguva mufunge. Zvakasarudzwa kusiya zita reRapp fekitori, asi pachinzvimbo chezvakanyorwa kare, mabhii matatu ane mbiri ane mbiri bmw mumucheka wegoridhe akaiswa mudenderedzwa. Denderedzwa remukati rakakamurwa kuita zvikamu zvina - maviri machena uye maviri ebhuruu. Aya mavara anotaura nezvekwakabva kambani, sezvo ivo vari vechiratidzo cheBavaria. Kushambadza kwekutanga kwekambani kwaive nemufananidzo wendege inobhururuka ine propeller inotenderera, uye chinyorwa BMW chakaiswa padivi pedenderedzwa rinobuda. Ichi chinyorwa chakagadzirwa kuitira kushambadza injini itsva yendege - iyo huru mbiri yekambani. Kubva 1929 kusvika 1942, vashandisi vezvigadzirwa chete vaibatanidza iyo inotenderera propeller nelogo yekambani. Ipapo maneja wekambani akasimbisa zviri pamutemo kubatana uku. Kubva pakusikwa kwechiratidzo, magadzirirwo ayo haana kuchinja zvakanyanya sezvazvaive zvakaita kune vamwe vanogadzira, seDodge, sezvakatsanangurwa zvishoma yapfuura. Nyanzvi dzekambani hadzipokane pfungwa yekuti BMW logo nhasi ine hukama hwakananga nechiratidzo chepropeller inotenderera, asi panguva imwechete haizvitsigire. Nhoroondo yemotokari mumamodeli Nhoroondo yemotokari yekunetseka inotanga muna 1928, apo vatungamiri vekambani vanosarudza kutenga mafekitari akawanda emotokari muThuringia. Pamwe chete nenzvimbo dzekugadzira, kambani yakagamuchirawo marezinesi ekugadzirwa kwemota diki Dixi (analogue yeChirungu Austin 7). Ikoku kwakazova mari yokuchenjera, sezvo motokari duku yakauya zvakanaka munguva yokusagadzikana kwemari. Vatengi vainyanya kufarira mhando dzakadaro dzakavabvumira kufamba zvakanaka, asi panguva imwechete havana kushandisa mafuta akawanda. 1933 - inoonekwa senzvimbo yekutanga mukugadzirwa kwemotokari pachikuva chayo. Iyo 328 inowana yakakurumbira yakasarudzika chinhu ichiripo mumotokari dzese dzeBavarian mabviro - iyo inonzi mhino dzegrille. Iyo mota yemitambo yakave inoshanda zvekuti mamwe ese mabasa emhando akatanga kugashira chimiro chemotokari dzakavimbika, dzakashongedzwa uye dzinokurumidza nekukasira. Pasi pehodhi yemuenzaniso yaiva injini ye-6-cylinder, ine musoro we-cylinder wakagadzirwa ne-light-alloy material uye yakagadziridzwa gasi kugovera nzira. 1938 - magetsi unit (52), yakagadzirwa pasi perezinesi kubva kuna Pratt, inonzi Whitney, yakaiswa paJunkers Yu132 modhi. Panguva imwecheteyo, mudhudhudhu wemitambo unobva pamutsetse wegungano, iyo yakanyanya kumhanya yaive makiromita 210 paawa. Gore rakatevera, mujaho G. Mayer. 1951 - mushure menguva refu uye yakaoma yekupora mushure mehondo, yekutanga mushure mehondo mota modhi inoburitswa - 501. Asi yakanga iri nhevedzano yakakundikana yakaramba iri muzvinyorwa zvenhoroondo. 1955 - Iyo kambani zvakare inowedzera mutsara wemidhudhudhu modhi ine yakagadziridzwa chassis. Mugore rimwe chete, imwe hybrid yemudhudhudhu nemotokari yakaonekwa - Isetta. Pfungwa iyi yakagamuchirwazve nechido, sezvo mugadziri wacho aipa varombo motokari dzemuchina dzinodhura. Munguva imwecheteyo, kambani, ichifungidzira kukura nekukurumidza mukuzivikanwa, iri kutarisisa kuyedza kwayo pakugadzira limousine. Zvisinei, pfungwa iyi inenge inotungamirira kushushikana kuparara. Iyo brand inotadza kudzivirira kutorwa neimwe kunetseka - Mercedes-Benz. Kechitatu, kambani inotanga inenge kubva pakutanga. 1956 - pakuonekwa kwemifananidzo yemota - modhi 507. Aluminium cylinder block ye8 "bowlers", iyo vhoriyamu yaive 3,2 malita, yakashandiswa semagetsi emagetsi emumugwagwa. Injini ye150-horsepower yakamhanyisa mota yemitambo kusvika makiromita 220 paawa. Yakanga iri shoma shanduro - mumakore matatu chete mazana maviri nemakumi maviri nemaviri mota dzakatetepa kubva pagungano, idzo dzichiri mhuka inodiwa yemutori chero wemotokari. 1959 - kuburitswa kweimwe rakabudirira modhi - 700, iyo yaive nemhepo kutonhora. 1962 - Kuonekwa kweinotevera mota yemitambo (modhi 1500) yakafadza nyika yevatyairi zvekuti mafekitori akange asina nguva yekuzadzisa pre-odha dzemotokari. 1966 - kunetseka kunomutsa tsika yaifanira kukanganwika kwemakore akawanda - 6-cylinder injini. Iyo BMW 1600-2 inooneka, pahwaro hweiyo mhando dzese dzakavakwa kusvika 2002. 1968 - Kambani inosuma iyo 2500 uye 2800 sedans hombe. Nekuda kwekubudirira kwakabudirira, iyo 60s yakave yakanyanya kubatsira kune hanya nekuvapo kwese kwechiratidzo (kusvika pakutanga kwe70s). 1970 - Muhafu yekutanga yemakore gumi, nyika yemotokari inogamuchira yechitatu, yechishanu, yechitanhatu uye yechinomwe nhevedzano. Kutanga ne5-Series, iyo automaker inowedzera zviitiko zvayo, isingasununguri motokari dzemitambo chete, asiwo dzakasununguka sedans. 1973 - kambani inoburitsa mota yakazove isingakundiki 3.0 csl, ine zvichangobva kuitika zvevainjiniya veBavaria. Motokari yakatora 6 European Championships. Chikwata chayo chemagetsi chakange chakashongedzerwa neyakasiyana gasi yekuparadzira michina, umo maive maviri ekutora uye ekupera mavharuvhu pacylinder. Iyo brake system yakagamuchira isati yamboitika ABS system (chii chakasarudzika, verenga mune yakaparadzana wongororo). 1986 - imwe budiriro inoitika munyika yemotorport - iyo itsva M3 yemitambo mota inooneka. Mota iyi yakashandiswa zvese mujaho wemujaho uye senzira yemugwagwa kune vatyairiwo zvavo. 1987 - Iyo yeBavaria modhi inohwina mubairo mukuru mumakwikwi edunhu reWorld Championship. Mutyairi wemotokari ndiye Roberto Raviglia. Kwemakore mashanu anotevera, iyo modhi haina kubvumidza vamwe vagadziri kumisikidza yavo yega mujaho mutinhimira. 1987 - Imwe motokari inooneka, asi panguva ino yaiva Z-1 roadster. 1990 - Kuburitswa kwema850i, ayo akashongedzerwa ne12-humburumbira magetsi unit nemagetsi emagetsi emukati enjini yemagetsi injini. 1991 - Kubatanidzwazve kweGerman kunobatsira pakuzvarwa kweBMW Rolls-Royce GmbH. Iyo kambani inoyeuka midzi yayo, uye inogadzira imwe ndege injini BR700. 1994 - kunetseka kunotora boka remaindasitiri eRover, uye naro rinokwanisa kutora hombe hombe muEngland, inyanzvi mukugadzirwa kweMG, Rover, uye Land Rover brand. Nechibvumirano ichi chine mari yakawanda, kambani iri kuramba ichiwedzera chigadzirwa chayo kuti chisanganise maSUV uye mota dzemuguta rekupedzisira. 1995 - Autoworld inogamuchira shanduro yekushanyira ye3-Series. Chinhu chemota chaive chassis yealuminium zvachose. 1996 - Iyo Z3 7-Series inowana dhiziri powertrain. Iyo nyaya inodzokorora neiyo 1500th modhi ye1962 - zvigadzirwa zvekugadzira hazvigone kurarama nemirairo yemota kubva kune vatengi. 1997 - vatyairi vemidhudhudhu vakaona yakakosha uye yakasarudzika nzira yebhasikoro modhi - 1200 C. Iyo modhi yaive yakashongedzerwa neinjini hombe yebhokisi (1,17 litita). Mugore rimwe chete, kwakaonekwa mugwagwa, wakasarudzika munzira yese yeshoko - yakavhurika mota yemitambo BMW M. 1999 - kutanga kwekutengesa kwemotokari kune zviitiko zvekunze - X5. 1999 - Fans dzakanakisa mitambo yemitambo vanogamuchira yakanaka modhi - iyo Z8. 1999 - Iyo Frankfurt Motor Show inofumura iyo yeramangwana Z9 GT mota mota. 2004 - kutanga kwekutengesa kweiyo 116i modhi, pasi pehood yaive neinjini yemoto yemukati ye1,6 litres uye inokwana 115 hp. 2006 - pakuratidzira kwemotokari, kambani inosuma vateereri kuM6 inoshandurwa, iyo yakagamuchira injini yemoto yemukati yemasilinda gumi, 10-chinzvimbo SMG inoteedzana kutapurirana. Nhanho ye100 km / h yakakwanisa kutora motokari mumasekonzi 4,8. 2007-2015 muunganidzwa unowedzerwazve nemhando dzazvino dzemhando yekutanga, yechipiri neyechitatu nhevedzano. Mumakumi emakore anotevera, hofori yemotokari yanga ichivandudza mamodheru aripo, gore negore ichiunza zvizvarwa zvitsva kana sarudzo dzekusimudzira. Tekinoroji tekinoroji dzekuchengetedza uye kungoita chengetedzo dziri kuiswawo zvishoma nezvishoma. Zvivakwa zvekugadzira zvekambani zvinoshandisa basa remaoko chete. Iyi ndeimwe yemakambani mashoma asingashandise robhoti conveyor. Uye heino vhidhiyo pfupi mharidzo yepfungwa yemotokari isina munhu kubva kuBavarian kunetseka: Mibvunzo neMhinduro: Ndiani ari muBMW Group? Zvigadzirwa zvepasi rose: BMW, BMW Motorrad, Mini, Rolls-Royce. Mukuwedzera pakugadzirwa kwemagetsi emagetsi uye motokari dzakasiyana-siyana, kambani inopa mabasa emari. Ko BMW inogadzirwa muguta ripi? Germany: Dingolfing, Regensburg, Leipzig. Austria: Graz. Russia, Kaliningrad. Mexico: San Luis Potosi.