BMW xDrive - Autoubik

Iyo xDrive two-axle drive system yakatanga kuunzwa neBMW muX3 muna 2003, ikateverwa nenguva pfupi neX5 yakasimudzwa. Zvishoma nezvishoma, iyi yepamberi sisitimu yakapinda mune mamwe mamodheru emhando.

Nekudaro, BMW yakachinjira kune ese-mavhiri drive kare kare. Nhoroondo yemotokari yekutanga ine bhururu uye chena propeller uye dhiraivha yeese maviri axles inodzokera kunguva yehondo. Yakarairwa neiyo panguva iyoyo Wehrmacht muna 1937 uye yaive mota yakavhurika yemagonhi mana ine denga re canvas. Zvadaro, iyo 4x4 drive yakaramba iri padivi kwenguva yakareba kune iyo automaker, kusvikira iyo inokwikwidza modhi Audi Quattro yaonekwa, iyo yaisakwanisa kusiya iyo automaker BMW isina basa. Muna 1985, iyo E30 yose-mavhiri modhi, iyo BMW 325iX, yakapinda mukugadzirwa kwakawanda. Muna 1993, akaisawo BMW 525iX yekumusoro-yepakati-renji sedan ine tekinoroji yechizvino-zvino, ichidyidzana neyese-vhiri drive ABS system. Musiyano wepakati wemagetsi unodzorwa nemagetsi wakaita kuti zvikwanise kugovera torque muhuwandu hwe0-100%, uye yekumashure mutsauko wakagovaniswa simba kumavhiri kuburikidza ne electro-hydraulic locking. Kumwe kushanduka kweiyo ese-mavhiri dhiraivha sisitimu, yakashongedzerwa nemisiyano mitatu, yaisanganisira kutsiva makiyi avo nebraking yemavhiri ega, ayo aikonzeresa DSC kudzikamisa system. Munguva yekutyaira kwakajairika, torque yakakamurwa pakati peaxles ega muchiyero che38:62%. Yakadaro sisitimu yakashandiswa, semuenzaniso, mune E46 modhi kana pre-facelifted X5 modhi. Mukuenderera mberi nekuvandudza iyo 4 × 4 drive system, BMW yaivimba nekuti vazhinji varidzi vemotokari dzakadai havawanzo famba munzira, uye kana vadaro, kazhinji ingori nyore nzvimbo.

Chii chinonzi xDrive?

xDrive ndeyechigarire ese-mavhiri dhiraivha sisitimu inodyidzana neyemagetsi kugadzikana yekudzora sisitimu DSC, ine multi-plate clutch inotsiva yekare mechanical centre musiyano. Chinangwa cheBMW pakugadzira iyo nyowani-mavhiri dhiraivha sisitimu yaive yekuchengetedza, mukuwedzera mukuvandudza hunhu hwekudhonza kwemotokari, hunhu hwekutyaira hunoenderana neiyo yekare pfungwa ine injini kumberi uye kumashure ekisero.

Kugoverwa kweinjini torque inobatwa nemagetsi inodzorwa akawanda-ndiro clutch iri mugearbox rekugovera, iro rinowanzo kuwanikwa pakubuda kwegiya bhokisi. Zvichienderana nemamiriro azvino ekutyaira, inogovera torque pakati pemberi nekumashure maekisi. Iyo xDrive system yakabatana neiyo DSC kudzikamisa system. Iyo yekumhanyisa iyo clutch yakabatikana zvizere kana kubviswa isingasviki 100 ms. Kutonhodza mafuta anozadza anogara multi-plate clutch inonzi kusunda. Izvi zvinoreva kuti ganda rekunze rine zvimbi zvinobvisa kupisa kwakanyanya mumhepo yakatenderedza nekufuridza mweya panguva yekufamba.

Kufanana nemakwikwi eHaldex system, xDrive inogara ichivandudzwa. Chinonyanya kukosha ndechekuvandudza kushanda kwehurongwa hwose, izvo zvinotungamirira kuderedzwa kwehuwandu hwemafuta emotokari. Iyo yazvino vhezheni ine yakavakirwa-mukati servomotor yekudzora yakawanda-ndiro clutch mugearbox dzimba. Izvi zvinobvisa kudiwa kwepombi yemafuta, zvichiita kuti pave nezvikamu zvishoma muhurongwa hwose. Ikozvino shanduko yexDrive system inopa kudzikiswa ne30% mukurasikirwa kwekukokana, zvinoreva kudzikiswa kwese kwemafuta ekudyiwa kuri pakati pe3 ne5% (zvichienderana nerudzi rwemotokari) zvichienzaniswa nechizvarwa chekutanga. Chinangwa ndechekusvika padhuze nepaunogona napo pakushandisa mafuta emodhi ine chete classic rear-wheel drive. Pasi pemamiriro ekutyaira akajairika, sisitimu inogovera torque kune yekumashure axle muchiyero che60:40. Sezvo vateveri vazhinji vemhando iyi vakamboshoropodza modhi yexDrive nekuda kwekusagadzikana, kusimba, uye kuda kuita understeer panguva yekutendeuka kwakapinza, mugadziri akashanda nesimba pakugadzirisa. Nekudaro, mune zvichangoburwa zviri kuitika, sarudzo inopihwa kune yekumashure axle zvakanyanya sezvinobvira, nepo, chokwadi, kuchengetedza inodiwa yakazara simba rekudhonza uye kuchengetedzeka kwemotokari uchityaira. Iyo xDrive system inowanikwa mune maviri mavhezheni. Kune limousine uye chiteshi ngoro, iyo inonzi yakawanda compact mhinduro inoreva kuti kutapurirana kwesimba reinjini kuenda kudhiraivha shaft inoenda kumberi axle kunopihwa negiya. MaSUV akaita seX1, X3, X5 pamwe neX6 anoshandisa sprocket kutumira torque.

 

Tsanangudzo yemashandiro anoita system uye xDrive mukuita

Sezvatotaurwa, xDrive inobata nekukurumidza zvakanyanya pakuchinja mamiriro ekutyaira. Kana tichienzanisa, iyo 100 ms inodiwa kuti iite zvizere kana kubvisa clutch inguva shoma mota isati yagona kumhanyisa kune shanduko yekukurumidza mune accelerator pedal chinzvimbo. Izvi zvinokonzerwa nekuti anenge 200 milliseconds anopfuura pakati pekudzvanya accelerator pedal uye injini ichiita muchimiro chekuwedzera kwesimba. Ehe, isu tiri kutaura nezve yakasikwa aspirated peturu injini; kana iri supercharged kana dhiziri injini, ino nguva yakatorebesa. Nekudaro, mukuita, iyo xDrive system yakagadzirira kusati kwaitwa kune yakamanikidzwa accelerator kuitika. Nekudaro, basa reiyo system haripere nekungochinja iyo accelerator chinzvimbo. Iyo sisitimu ine simba kana kuti kufanotaura kwemamwe ma paramita ekutyaira uye inogara ichitarisisa mamiriro emotokari kuitira kugovera injini torque pakati pemaaxle maviri zvakanyatsonaka sezvinobvira. Pasi pemaikorosikopu, semuenzaniso, iyo lateral acceleration sensor ine basa rekumhanya kwevhiri, dhiraivha angle, centrifugal simba, chidhiraivho chemotokari kana ikozvino injini torque.

Zvichienderana neruzivo rwakagamuchirwa kubva kune akasiyana masensa, sisitimu inogona kuona kana kuita kunodiwa kana mota ichiita zvekupfuura kana kudzika. Kana understeer inorerekera - mavhiri emberi anonongedza kumucheto wekunze kwecurve - iyo yemagetsi inodzorwa multi-plate clutch inogovera torque kubva kumberi kuenda kumashure ekisendi mumakumi emamilliseconds. Iine tsika yekupfuura, ndiko kuti, kana magumo ekumashure akatarisana kumucheto kwenzira, xDrive inodzoreredza simba rekutyaira injini kubva kumashure kuenda kumberi axle, nezvimwe. inodhonza mota kubva mumhepo isingadzivisiki. Nenzira iyi, iyo inoshanda shanduko yeinjini torque kugovera inodzivirira kupindira kweiyo DSC kugadzikana yekudzora sisitimu, iyo inongoitwa chete kana mamiriro ekutyaira achida. Nekuda kwekubatana kweiyo xDrive system neDSC, kupindira kweinjini uye brake control inogona kuitwa mune yakapfava mode. Mune mamwe mazwi, DSC haipindire kana kugovera kwakakodzera kweinjini simba chete kunokwanisa kubvisa njodzi yekupfuura kana understeer.

Paunenge uchityaira kure, iyo yakawanda-plate clutch inokiya nekumhanya ingangoita 20 km / h, kuitira kuti mota ive nehukuru hwekudhonza kana ichimhanyisa. Kana muganho uyu wapfuudzwa, sisitimu inogovera simba reinjini pakati pemberi nekumashure maekisi zvichienderana nemamiriro ekutyaira aripo.

Pakumhanya kwakaderera, kana yakakwira injini simba isingadiwe uye mota ichitendeuka (semuenzaniso, kana ichitendeuka kana kupaka), sisitimu inobvisa iyo yekumberi axle drive uye simba reinjini rinotamiswa chete kune yekumashure axle. Chinangwa ndechekuderedza kushandiswa kwemafuta uye zvakare kudzikisira pesvedzero yemasimba asingadiwe pakufamba.

Kufanana kwemaitiro maitiro anogona kuoneka pakumhanya kwakanyanya, semuenzaniso. uchityaira zvakanaka mumugwagwa mukuru. Pakumhanya uku, dhiraivha yechigarire pamaaxle ese ari maviri haidiwe, sezvo izvi zvichiwedzera kupfeka pazvinhu pamwe nekuwedzera kushandiswa kwemafuta. Pakumhanya kuri pamusoro pe130 km/h, magetsi ekudzora anoraira inter-axle multi-plate clutch kuti ivhure uye simba reinjini rinoendeswa kumavhiri ekumashure chete.

Panzvimbo yakaderera-yekudhonza (chando, sinou, madhaka), sisitimu inofanovharira kukwenya kuti inyatso dhonza. Asi zvakadini kana vhiri rimwe richibata zvakanaka uye mamwe matatu ari panzvimbo inotsvedza? Iyo chete modhi yakashongedzerwa neDPC system inogona kutamisa zana reinjini simba kune rimwe vhiri. Uchishandisa mutsauko uye DPC (Dynamic Performance Control) system iri pane yekumashure axle, torque inoshingairira kugoverwa pakati pekurudyi nekuruboshwe kumashure mavhiri. Iyo BMW X100, semuenzaniso, yakashongedzerwa nenzira iyi. Mune dzimwe motokari, 6% yesimba rejini inotamirwa kune axle apo vhiri rine zvakanakisisa kubata riripo, semuenzaniso kana pane mavhiri matatu pachando uye imwe paasphalt, somuenzaniso. Muchiitiko ichi, sisitimu inotsemura reshiyo 100:50 kune ese mavhiri ekurudyi nekuruboshwe, vhiri riri pamusoro risinganyanyi kubatirira riri kubhurekwa neiyo DSC system kudzivirira yakawandisa oversteer. Muchiitiko ichi, sisitimu inogovera injini simba chete pakati peaxles uye kwete kune ega mavhiri.

Iyo xDrive system zvakare ine mukana wezvishoma zvekugadzirisa zvinodiwa. Mugadziri anokurudzira kushandura oiri mushure meanenge 100 - 000 km, kunyanya kumota dzinowanzo shandiswa mumigwagwa ine tsvina kana kushandiswa kudhonza trailer. Iyo xDrive system inowedzera huremu hwemotokari neinosvika 150-000 kg, uye kushandiswa kwemafuta, zvichienderana neshanduro uye rudzi rweinjini, kubva pa75 kusvika pa80 litre yemafuta zvichienzaniswa nemamodhi ekumashure-mavhiri chete.