BMW uye hydrogen: injini yemukati yemoto

Iwo mapurojekiti ekambani akatanga makore makumi mana apfuura neiyo hydrogen vhezheni ye40 akateedzana

BMW yagara ichitenda mukufamba kwemagetsi. Nhasi, Tesla inogona kutorwa seyekuenzanisa munzvimbo ino, asi makore gumi apfuura, apo kambani yeAmerica yakaratidza pfungwa yearuminiyamu yakagadziridzwa papuratifomu, iyo yakazoonekwa muchimiro cheTesla Model S, BMW yaishanda nesimba paMegacity. Vehicle project. 2013 inotengeswa seBMW i3. Iyo avant-garde mota yeGerman inoshandisa kwete chete aruminiyamu yekutsigira chimiro nemabhatiri akabatanidzwa, asiwo muviri wakagadzirwa nekabhoni-yakasimbiswa polymers. Nekudaro, izvo Tesla iri pamberi pevakwikwidzi vayo nenzira yakasarudzika, kunyanya pachiyero chekugadzira mabhatiri emotokari dzemagetsi - kubva pakubata nevagadziri velithium-ion cell kugadzira mafekitori makuru ebhatiri, kusanganisira ayo ane asiri emagetsi maapplication. kufamba.

Asi ngatidzokerei kuBMW nekuti, kusiyana neTesla nevakawanda vevakwikwidzi vayo, kambani yeGerman ichiri kutenda mukufamba kwehydrogen. Munguva pfupi yapfuura, chikwata chinotungamirirwa neMutevedzeri weMutungamiriri weHydrogen Fuel Cells, Dr. Jürgen Gouldner, vakaparura I-Hydrogen Next fuel cell, genset inozvifambisa inotungamirirwa nekemikari yepasi-tembiricha. Nguva ino inocherekedza makore gumi ekutanga kweBMW's fuel cell car development uye 10th yemakore ekubatira pamwe neToyota pamasero emafuta. Nekudaro, kuvimba kweBMW pahydrogen kunodzokera kumashure makore makumi mana uye yakanyanya "kupisa kupisa".

Iyi inopfuura chikamu chechina chezana remakore rekuvandudzwa nekambani, umo hydrogen inoshandiswa sehuni yeinjini dzinopisa mukati. Kwenguva yakawanda yenguva iyoyo, kambani yaitenda kuti injini yekupisa yehydrogen-powered yemukati yaive padyo nemutengi kupfuura sero remafuta. Nekugona kuita kwe60% uye kusanganiswa kwemota yemagetsi ine simba rinopfuura 90%, injini yefuel cell inoshanda zvakanyanya kupfuura injini yekupisa yemukati inomhanya pahydrogen. Sezvatichaona mumitsetse inotevera, nejekiseni radzo rakananga uye turbocharging, injini dzakadzikiswa dzanhasi dzichanyanya kukodzera kuendesa hydrogen- chero jekiseni rakakodzera uye masisitimu ekudzora kupisa aripo. Asi nepo hydrogen-powered mukati memoto injini dzinowanzo kuchipa zvakanyanya pane sero remafuta rakasanganiswa ne lithium-ion bhatiri, ivo havachisiri pachirongwa. Mukuwedzera, matambudziko ekufamba kwehydrogen mumatambudziko ose ari maviri anoenda kure kupfuura chiyero chepropulsion system.

Uye nei hydrogen?

Hydrogen chinhu chakakosha mukutsvaga kwevanhu kushandisa mamwe masimba esimba, senge zambuko rekuchengetedza simba kubva kuzuva, mhepo, mvura uye biomass nekuichinja kuita simba remakemikari. Mumashoko akareruka, izvi zvinoreva kuti magetsi anogadzirwa neaya masosi masisitimu haakwanise kuchengetwa muhuwandu hukuru, asi anogona kushandiswa kugadzira hydrogen nekuwora mvura kuita oxygen nehydrogen.

Zvechokwadi, hydrogen inogonawo kutorwa kubva kune isingadzokerizve hydrocarbon zvinyorwa, asi izvi zvagara zvisingagamuchirwi kana zvasvika pakuishandisa sesimba remagetsi. Ichokwadi chisingarambiki kuti matambudziko etekinoroji ekugadzira, kuchengetedza uye kutakura kwehydrogen anogadziriswa - mukuita, kunyangwe ikozvino, huwandu hukuru hwegasi iri hunogadzirwa uye hunoshandiswa seyakagadzirwa mumakemikari uye petrochemical maindasitiri. Muzviitiko izvi, zvisinei, mari yakakwirira yehydrogen haina kuuraya, sezvo "inonyunguduka" pamutengo wepamusoro wezvigadzirwa izvo zvinobatanidzwa.

Nekudaro, dambudziko rekushandisa gasi rakareruka sesimba sosi uye muhuwandu hukuru hwakanyanya kuoma. Masayendisiti ave achizunungusa misoro yavo kwenguva yakareba vachitsvaga imwe nzira inogoneka yemafuta emafuta, uye kuwedzera kwemagetsi kufamba uye hydrogen inogona kunge iri pedyo symbiosis. Pamwoyo wezvose izvi ichokwadi chiri nyore asi chakakosha zvikuru - kutorwa uye kushandiswa kwehaidhirojeni kunotenderera kutenderera kwechisikigo kwekubatanidza nekuora mvura ... hydrogen inogona kugadzirwa uye kushandiswa muhuwandu husingagumi pasina kuburitsa zvinokuvadza.
kugadzirwa

Anopfuura mamirioni makumi manomwe ematani ehydrogen yakachena parizvino inogadzirwa mupasi. Chinhu chikuru chakasarudzika pakugadzira kwayo igasi rechisikigo, iro rinoitwa muchirongwa chinozivikanwa se "kugadzirisa" (hafu yeiyo yose). Zvishoma zvidiki zvehydrogen zvinogadzirwa nemamwe maitiro senge electrolysis yeklorini makomponi, kukwana oxidation yemafuta anorema, marasha gasification, pyrolysis yemarasha kugadzira coke, uye kugadzirisa peturu. Inenge hafu yenyika kugadzirwa kwehydrojeni inoshandiswa mukugadzira ammonia (iyo inoshandiswa senzira yekudyara mukugadzira mafetiraiza), mukuchenesa oiri uye mukubatanidzwa kwemethanol.

Zvirongwa zvekugadzira izvi zvinoremedza zvakatipoteredza kusvika kumadhigirii akasiyana-siyana uye, zvinosuruvarisa, hapana chimwe chazvo chinopa imwe nzira ine musoro kune yazvino simba mamiriro quo - chekutanga nekuti vanoshandisa zvisingadzokerike masosi, uye chechipiri nekuti kugadzirwa kunoburitsa zvinhu zvisingadiwe senge carbon dioxide. Nzira inonyanya kuvimbisa yekugadzirwa kwehydrogen mune ramangwana inoramba iri kuora kwemvura nerubatsiro rwemagetsi, anozivikanwa muchikoro chepuraimari. Nekudaro, kuvhara kutenderera kwesimba rakachena ikozvino kunogoneka chete nekushandisa zvakasikwa uye kunyanya solar uye mhepo simba kugadzira magetsi anodiwa pakuora mvura. Sekureva kwaDr. Gouldner, matekinoroji emazuva ano "akabatana" nemhepo uye solar system, kusanganisira zviteshi zvidiki zvehydrogen, uko iyo yekupedzisira inogadzirwa panzvimbo, inhanho huru nyowani munzira iyi.
Kuchengetedza nzvimbo

Hydrogen inogona kuchengetwa muhuwandu hwakawanda muzvikamu zviviri zvegesi uye zvemvura. Matangi makuru aya, umo hydrogen inochengetwa pakadzvinyirirwa, anonzi "magasi emagetsi". Matangi epakati nepadiki anoshandiswa kuchengetera hydrogen pakumanikidza makumi matatu, nepo matangi madiki madiki (zvigadzirwa zvinodhura zvakagadzirwa nesimbi yakakosha kana kabhoni fiber yakasimbiswa zvinoumbwa) zvinoramba zvichimanikidza 30 bar.
Hydrogen inogona zvakare kuchengetwa muchikamu chemvura pa -253 ° C pavhoriyamu yevhoriyamu ine 1,78 yakapetwa simba pane kana yachengetwa pa700 bar - kuti iwane yakaenzana huwandu hwesimba mu liquefied hydrogen pavhoriyamu yeyuniti, gasi rinofanira kudzvanywa kusvika 1250 bar. Nekuda kwesimba repamusoro rekushandisa kwehaidhirojeni yakatonhora, BMW iri kubatana neboka remafiriji reGerman Linde kune masisitimu ayo ekutanga, ayo akagadzira michina yemhando yepamusoro yekunyungudutsa uye kuchengeta haidrojeni. Masayendisiti anopawo zvimwe, asi zvisingashande panguva ino, dzimwe nzira dzekuchengetedza hydrogen - semuenzaniso, kuchengetedza pasi pekumanikidzwa muupfu hwesimbi yakakosha, nenzira yesimbi hydrides, nevamwe.

Hydrogen hutepfenyuro maratidziro atove aripo munzvimbo dzine huwandu hwakanyanya hwemakemikari ekudyara uye ekuchenesa mafuta. Kazhinji, hunyanzvi hwakafanana neiyo yekufambisa gasi rechisikigo, asi kushandiswa kwekupedzisira kwezvinodiwa zvehydrogen hazviwanzo kuitika. Nekudaro, kunyangwe muzana rapfuura, dzimba zhinji mumaguta eEurope dzakabatidzwa nepombi gasi mwenje, ine 50% yehydrogen uye iyo inoshandiswa semafuta ekutanga emota dzemukati dzemoto dzinomira. Iyo yazvino nhanho yetekinoroji yatobvumidza iyo transcontinental kutakura kweiyo yakanyoroveswa hydrogen kuburikidza iripo cryogenic matangi, akafanana neaya anoshandiswa chaiwo gasi.

BMW uye yemukati injini yemagetsi

"Mvura. Chigadzirwa chega chemagetsi eBMW akachena anoshandisa mvura yehydrogen panzvimbo peturu uye inobvumira munhu wese kunakidzwa nehunyanzvi hutsva nehana yakachena. ”

Aya mazwi akatorwa kubva kumushandirapamwe wekushambadzira wekambani yeGerman pakutanga kwezana ramakumi maviri nemasere. Inofanirwa kunge ichisimudzira yakasarudzika 745-awa rehydrogen vhezheni yeBavaria automaker mureza. Kunze, nekuti, sekureva kweBMW, shanduko kune mamwe mahydrocarbon mafuta mamwe maindasitiri emota anga achidya kubva pakutanga achada shanduko mune yese indasitiri zvigadzirwa. Panguva iyoyo, vaBavaria vakawana nzira inovimbisa yekusimudzira kwete mumasero emafuta anoparadzirwa, asi mukutamisa injini dzemoto dzemukati kuti dzishande nehydrogen. BMW inotenda kuti retrofit iri kuongororwa inyaya inogadziriswa uye iri kutoita budiriro yakanangana nedambudziko rakakosha rekuona kushanda kweinjini yakavimbika uye kubvisa tsika yayo yekutiza moto uchishandisa yakachena hydrogen. Kubudirira mune ino nzira kunokonzerwa nekugona mumunda wemagetsi kudzora enjini maitiro uye kugona kushandisa patent BMW yakatemerwa Valvetronic neVanos masystem ekuchinja-chinja gasi kugovera, pasina izvo hazvigoneke kuvimbisa zvakajairika mashandiro e "hydrogen engines".

Zvisinei, matanho ekutanga mugwaro iri anosvika muna 1820, apo mugadziri William Cecil akasika injini yehydrogen-fueled inoshanda pane inonzi "vacuum musimboti" - chirongwa chakasiyana zvachose kubva kune chakazogadzirwa nechomukati injini. kutsva. Mukukura kwake kwekutanga kweinjini dzinopisa mukati memakore makumi matanhatu gare gare, piyona Otto akashandisa gasi rakagara rataurwa uye rakabva nemarasha rine hydrogen inokwana 60%. Zvisinei, nekugadzirwa kwecarburetor, kushandiswa kwepeturu kwave kwakanyanya kushanda uye kwakachengeteka, uye mafuta emvura akatsiva dzimwe nzira dzose dzave dziripo kusvikira zvino. Hunhu hwehydrogen sehuni hwakazowanwa makore akawanda gare gare neindasitiri yemuchadenga, iyo yakakurumidza kuona kuti hydrogen yakanga ine reshiyo yakanakisisa yesimba/huwandu hwehuturu chero ipi zvayo inozivikanwa nevanhu.

Muna Chikunguru 1998, iyo European Association yeEmota Indasitiri (ACEA) yakazvipira kudzikisira mweya weCO2 wemotokari dzichangonyoreswa muUnited kuti ive avhareji yemagiramu 140 pamakiromita muna2008. Mukuita, izvi zvinoreva kudzikiswa kwemweya makumi maviri neshanu muzana kana zvichienzaniswa na25 uye zvakaenzana neavhareji yekushandisa peturu mumakungwa matsva angangoita 1995 l / 6,0 km. Izvi zvinoita kuti basa kumakambani emota riome zvakanyanya uye, sekureva kwenyanzvi dzeBMW, inogona kugadziriswa nekushandisa yakaderera-kabhoni mafuta kana nekubvisa zvachose kabhoni kubva mukugadzirwa kwemafuta. Zvinoenderana nedzidziso iyi, hydrogen inoonekwa mukubwinya kwayo kwese pamotokari.
Iyo Bavaria kambani inova yekutanga mota inogadzira kutanga kugadzirwa kwakawanda kwemahydrogen-inofambiswa mota. Kutaura kwakasimba uye kuvimba kweBMW Board of Directors Burkhard Göschel, nhengo yebhodhi yeBMW inotarisira zviitiko zvitsva, zvekuti "kambani ichatengesa hydrogen mota 7 Series isati yapera," zvinoitika. Iine Hydrogen 7, vhezheni yechinomwe yakateedzana yakaunzwa muna 2006 uye ine 12-humburumbira 260 hp injini. iyi meseji inova yechokwadi.

Icho chinangwa chinoita senge chakanakisa, asi nechikonzero chakanaka. BMW yanga ichiedza neinjini yemoto wehydrogen kubvira 1978, iine 5-akateedzana (E12), iyo 1984-awa vhezheni yeE 745 yakaunzwa muna 23 uye muna Chivabvu 11, 2000, yakaratidza kugona kwakasiyana kweiyi imwe nzira. Makungwa anoyevedza e15 750 hp. Iyo E 38 "yevhiki" ine 12-cylinder hydrogen-injini injini yakamhanya 170 km marathon, ichiratidza kubudirira kwekambani uye vimbiso yehunyanzvi hutsva. Muna 000 na2001, dzimwe dzedzimotokari idzi dzakaramba dzichipinda mukuratidzira kwakasiyana-siyana kusimudzira pfungwa yehydrogen. Ipapo kunouya kuvandudzwa kutsva kunoenderana neinotevera 2002 Series, uchishandisa yazvino 7-litre V-4,4 injini uye inokwanisa kumhanya kwepamusoro kwe212 km / h, ichiteverwa neazvino budiriro ine 12-humburumbira V-XNUMX injini.

Zvinoenderana nemaonero epamutemo ekambani, zvikonzero nei BMW yakazosarudza tekinoroji iyi pamusoro pemafuta maseru zvese zviri zvekutengesa nezvepfungwa. Kutanga, iyi nzira inoda mari yakanyanya kushomeka kana paine shanduko yezvivakwa mumaindasitiri. Kechipiri, nekuti vanhu vajaira kune yakanaka yekare injini yemoto, vanoida uye zvichanetsa kuparadzana nayo. Uye chechitatu, nekuti panguva imwecheteyo, hunyanzvi uhu huri kukura nekukurumidza kupfuura hunyanzvi hwemafuta esero.

Mumotokari dzeBMW, haidrojeni inochengetwa mumudziyo wakanyanya-yakavharirwa cryogenic, yakaita sebhodhoro repamusoro-soro rethermos rakagadzirwa neboka refiriji reGerman Linde. Pakudziya kwakadzika kwekuchengetedza, mafuta ari muchikamu chemvura uye anopinda muinjini semafuta akajairwa.

Vagadziri vekambani yeMunich vanoshandisa jekiseni remafuta mune manifolds ekudya, uye kunaka kwemusanganiswa kunoenderana neinjini yekushandisa mode. Mune chikamu chekuremedza modhi, injini inomhanya pamisanganiswa yakaonda yakafanana nedhiziri - chete huwandu hwemafuta anojairwa hunoshandurwa. Iyi ndiyo inonzi "quality control" yemusanganiswa, umo injini inomhanya nemhepo yakawandisa, asi nekuda kwemutoro wakaderera, kuumbwa kwe nitrogen emissions kunoderedzwa. Kana paine kudiwa kwesimba rakakura, injini inotanga kushanda sejini yepeturu, ichienda kune inonzi "quantitative regulation" yemusanganiswa uye kune yakajairwa (kwete kuonda) musanganiswa. Shanduko idzi dzinogoneka, kune rumwe rutivi, nekuda kwekumhanya kwemagetsi maitiro ekutonga muinjini, uye kune rumwe rutivi, nekuda kwekuchinjika kushanda kwegasi kugovera kutonga masisitimu - iyo "double" Vanos, inoshanda pamwe chete. neValvetronic intake control system isina throttle. Zvinofanira kurangarirwa kuti, maererano nemainjiniya eBMW, chirongwa chekushanda chebudiriro iyi ingori nhanho yepakati mukuvandudza tekinoroji uye kuti mune ramangwana injini dzinofanira kufamba kutungamira jekiseni rehydrogen mumasilinda uye turbocharger. Zvinotarisirwa kuti kushandiswa kwenzira idzi kuchaita kuti kuve nekuvandudzwa kwekushanda kwemotokari kana zvichienzaniswa neinjini yepeturu yakafanana uye nekuwedzera kwekushanda kwese kweinjini yekupisa kwemukati neinopfuura 50%.

Chinhu chinonakidza chekusimudzira ndechekuti nezvichangobva kuitika mu "hydrogen" injini dzinopisa mukati, vagadziri muMunich vari kupinda mumunda wemafuta emafuta. Vanoshandisa michina yakadaro kusimbisa iyo-bhodhi yemagetsi network mumotokari, kubvisa zvachose bhatiri rakajairika. Nekuda kwedanho iri, mamwe mafuta ekuchengetedza anogoneka, sezvo injini yehydrogen haifanire kutyaira alternator, uye iyo onboard yemagetsi system inozvimiririra zvachose uye yakazvimirira munzira yekutyaira - inogona kugadzira magetsi kunyangwe injini isiri kushanda. uye kugadzirwa uye kushandiswa kwesimba kunogona kunyatsogadziriswa. Chokwadi chekuti magetsi akawanda seanodikanwa kupa simba pombi yemvura, pombi dzemafuta, brake booster uye mawaya masisitimu anogona kugadzirwa zvino zvinoshandura kune imwezve mari. Nekudaro, mukuenderana nezvose izvi zvitsva, iyo mafuta jekiseni system (peturu) haina kuita chero inodhura dhizaini shanduko.

Nekuda kwekusimudzira hydrogen matekinoroji muna Chikumi 2002, BMW Group, Aral, BVG, DaimlerChrysler, Ford, GHW, Linde, Opel, MAN yakagadzira iyo CleanEnergy kudyidzana chirongwa, icho chakatanga basa rayo nekusimudzira LPG yekuzadza zviteshi. uye yakakwenenzverwa hydrogen. Mavari, chikamu chehydrogen chinogadzirwa pane saiti uchishandisa magetsi ezuva, ndokuzomanikidzwa, uye huwandu hwakanyoroveswa hunowanikwa kubva kunzvimbo dzezvigadzirwa, uye mhute yese kubva muchikamu chemvura inoendeswa kune gasi.
BMW yatanga mamwe akati wandei mapurojekiti akabatanidzwa, kusanganisira nemakambani emafuta, pakati peavo vanonyanya kutora chikamu ndiAral, BP, Shell, Total.
Nekudaro, nei BMW ichisiya mhinduro dzehunyanzvi uye ichiri kutarisisa mafuta maseru, isu tichakuudza mune imwe chinyorwa mune dzino nhevedzano.

Hydrogen mune enjini dzemukati dzemoto

Zvinonakidza kuziva kuti nekuda kwechimiro chemuviri uye chemakemikari ehydrogen, inonyanya kupisa kupfuura peturu. Mukuita, izvi zvinoreva kuti simba shoma rekutanga rinodiwa kuti utange hurongwa hwekupisa muhydrogen. Kune rimwe divi, injini dzehydrogen dzinogona kushandisa nyore "yakaipa" musanganiswa - chimwe chinhu icho injini dzemazuva ano dzepeturu dzinowana kuburikidza neakaoma uye anodhura matekinoroji.

Kupisa pakati pezvimedu zvemusanganiswa wehydrogen-mhepo hakunyanyi kuparara, uye panguva imwe chete, tembiricha ye auto-ignition yakakwira zvakanyanya, sezvakaita chiyero chekupisa kuenzaniswa nepeturu. Hydrogen ine yakaderera density uye simba diffusivity (mukana kuti zvimedu kupinda mumwe gasi - munyaya iyi, mhepo).

Ndiyo yakaderera simba rekushandisa rinodiwa pakuzvidzora-moto uye ndiyo imwe yematambudziko akakura mukudzora kupisa mumoto wehydrogen, nekuti musanganiswa wacho unogona kungopisa nekukasira nekuda kwekubata nenzvimbo dzinopisa mukamuri yemoto uye kuramba zvichitevera cheni yemabatiro asingadzorwi zvachose. Kudzivirira njodzi iyi ndeimwe yematambudziko makuru muhydrogen injini dhizaini, asi hazvisi nyore kubvisa mhedzisiro yekuti musanganiswa wemoto wakapararira unofamba padhuze nemadziro esirinda uye unokwanisa kupinda munzvimbo dzakamanikana zvakanyanya. semuenzaniso pamwe nemavharuvhu akavharwa ... Zvese izvi zvinofanirwa kutariswa pakugadzira mota idzi.

Iyo yepamusoro autoignition tembiricha uye yakakwira octane nhamba (inenge 130) inobvumira kuwedzera kweye compression ratio yeinjini uye, nekudaro, kushanda kwayo, asi zvakare kune njodzi yekuzvimisikidza yehydrogen paunosangana nechinopisa chikamu. muhombodo. Kubatsira kwekukwirisa kwepamusoro kwehydrogen ndiko mukana wekusanganisa nyore nemhepo, iyo kana pakaitika kuputsika kwetangi kunovimbisa kukurumidza uye kwakachengeteka kwemafuta.

Mhepo-hydrogen musanganiswa wekupisa ine reshiyo inosvika 34:1 (papeturu reshiyo iyi i14,7:1). Izvi zvinoreva kuti kana uchibatanidza huwandu hwakafanana hwehydrogen nepeturu muchiitiko chekutanga, mhepo inodarika kaviri inodiwa. Panguva imwecheteyo, musanganiswa wehydrogen-mhepo unotora zvakanyanya nzvimbo, izvo zvinotsanangura kuti nei injini dzehydrogen dzine simba shoma. Mufananidzo chaiwo wedhijitari wezviyero uye mavhoriyamu ane hunyoro - kuwanda kwehydrogen yakagadzirira kupiswa kwakapetwa ka56 pane kuwanda kwehutsi hwepeturu ... Zvisineyi, zvinofanirwa kucherechedzwa kuti, kazhinji, injini dzehydrogen dzinogona kushanda pamusanganiswa wemhepo. . hydrogen mu ratios kusvika 180: 1 (kureva ine "yakaipa" musanganiswa), izvo zvinoreva kuti injini inogona kumhanya isina throttle uye kushandisa musimboti weinjini dzedhiziri. Inofanirawo kutaurwa kuti hydrogen ndiye mutungamiri asingarambiki mukuenzanisa pakati pehydrogen nepeturu sechitubu chesimba - kirogiramu yehydrogen ine simba rakapetwa katatu pakirogiramu yepeturu.

Sezvinoita injini dzepeturu, liquefied hydrogen inogona kubaiwa pamberi pemavharuvhu mune manifolds, asi mhinduro yakanakisa ijekiseni rakananga panguva yekutsikirira sitiroko - muchiitiko ichi, simba rinogona kudarika iro reinjini yepeturu inofananidzwa ne25%. Izvi zvinodaro nekuti mafuta (hydrogen) haabvisi mhepo senge peturu kana dhiziri, zvichibvumira kamuri rinopisa kuti rizadze nemhepo chete (yakanyanya kudarika nguva). Mukuwedzera, kusiyana neinjini dzepeturu, haidrojeni haidi kutenderera kwechimiro, sezvo haidrojeni isina chiyero ichi inopararira zvakanaka nemhepo. Nekuda kwemazinga akasiyana ekupisa munzvimbo dzakasiyana dzesilinda, zviri nani kuisa maviri spark plugs, uye muinjini yehydrogen, kushandiswa kweplatinamu electrode hakuna kukodzera, sezvo platinum inova inokonzeresa iyo inotungamira kumafuta oxidation kunyangwe pakudziya kwakaderera. .

Mazda sarudzo

Kambani yeJapan Mazda iri kuratidzawo vhezheni yayo yeinjini yehydrogen, muchimiro chebhuroka inotenderera mumotokari yemitambo yeRX-8. Izvi hazvishamise, sezvo magadzirirwo enjini yeWankel akanyanya kukodzera kushandisa hydrogen sehuni.
Iyo gasi inochengetwa pasi pekumanikidza kwakanyanya mune yakakosha tangi uye mafuta anojowa akananga mumakamuri emoto. Nekuda kwekuti kana iri injini dzinotenderera, nzvimbo dzinowanikwa jekiseni nemoto dzakaparadzaniswa, uye tembiricha iri muchikamu chekutora yakaderera, dambudziko nekugona kwekudzora kusadzora rakadzikira zvakanyanya. Injini yeWankel inopawo nzvimbo yakakwana yejekiseni mbiri, izvo zvakakosha kuti ujekese huwandu hwakazara hwehydrogen.

H2R

Iyo H2R ndeye inoshanda supersport prototype yakavakwa neBMW mainjiniya uye inofambiswa ne12-cylinder injini inosvika pakubuda kukuru kwe285 hp. paunenge uchishanda nehydrogen. Kutenda kwavari, muenzaniso wekuedza unowedzera kubva pa0 kusvika ku100 km / h mumasekonzi matanhatu uye unosvika pakumhanya kwepamusoro 300 km / h. Injini yeH2R inobva pane yakajairwa kumusoro yakashandiswa mu 760i peturu uye yakatora mwedzi gumi chete kugadzira. .

Kuti udzivise kupisa kwega, nyanzvi dzeBavaria dzakagadzira nzira yakakosha yekuyerera uye jekiseni kutenderera mukamuri yekupisa, vachishandisa mikana inopihwa neinjini inochinja-chinja nguva yevharuvhu. Musanganiswa usati wapinda mumasilinda, iwo ekupedzisira anotonhodzwa nemhepo, uye kupisa kunoitwa chete kumusoro kwakafa pakati - nekuda kweiyo yakanyanya kupisa mwero nehydrogen mafuta, kupisa kumberi hakudiwi.