Mabhanti echigaro chemota: kudzivirirwa kunoratidzwa kwemakumi emakore

Kunyangwe paine huwandu hwakawanda hwekuvandudzika kwetekinoroji yazvino, mabhandi epachigaro anoramba ari iwo makuru nzira yekungodzivirira mutyairi nevanofamba mumota. Nekugadzirisa chinzvimbo chemuviri panguva yekukanganisa kwakakomba, chishandiso ichi chakaratidzirwa kwemakumi emakore kubatsira kudzivirira kukuvara kwakakomba, uko kunowanzo pesana nehupenyu. Maererano nenhamba, mune makumi manomwe muzana ezviitiko, vanhu vanokwanisa kurarama munjodzi dzakakomba nekuda kwemabhandi echigaro.

Chokwadi kubva munhoroondo uye zvazvino

Zvinotendwa kuti bhanhire rekutanga rakagadzwa uye rakapihwa patent muna 1885 naAmerican Edward Claghorn. Pakutanga, chishandiso chaishandiswa kune vafambi vanofamba mungoro dzakashama. Gare gare, varairidzi vakatangawo kushandisa bhandi. Nekudaro, muindasitiri yemotokari, mabhandi echigaro akatanga kuoneka gare gare. Pakutanga kwezana ramakumi maviri, vakaedza kuzviita seimwe sarudzo, asi pfungwa haina kuzobatika.

Kwenguva yekutanga, Ford yakatanga kugadzirira mota dzayo nemabhanhire echigaro: muna 1948, michina mitsva yakaiswa mumamodeli akati wandei echiratidzo kamwechete.

Mune chimiro chavo chemazuva ano, mabhandi epachigaro akaonekwa mumotokari muna 1959 chete, apo Volvo yeSweden yakatanga kuisa mavo.

Mune mota dzazvino, mabhandi epachigaro chinhu chakakosha. Paunenge uchityaira, zvinodikanwa kuti uzvisimbise kwete kune mutyairi chete, asiwo kune mumwe nemumwe wevatakuri vari mumotokari. Kana mutemo uyu ukatyorwa, mutyairi achabhadhariswa chiuru chemaRubles (zvichibva muchikamu 1 cheCode of Administrative Offices yeRussia Federation).

Zvisinei, haisi chirango chemari zvachose, asi kuva nehanya nekuchengetedzeka kwavo kunosungira vatyairi nevafambi kuti vashandise chishandiso chekuchengetedza chakaratidzirwa kwemakore. Kana pakaitika kudhumhana kwepamberi, mabhandi anodzivirira mukana we:

• kusimuka nepahwindo remhepo;
• kurova sitering, dashboard, kana zvigaro zvepamberi.

Zvakakomba divi zvinokanganisa zvinogona kukonzera kuti muchina ufambe. Kune zviitiko apo vanhu vasina kusungwa vakabhururuka kunze nepamahwindo emumativi, uye ndokuzopwanywa nemuviri wemota. Kana mabhandi epachigaro akashandiswa sekufungidzirwa, izvi hazvizoitika.

Chero chinhu chisina kuchengetedzwa mukamuri revatakuri njodzi yekurovera kune vamwe vafambi. Vanhu uye zvipfuwo hazvisi izvo zvinosara.

Mudziyo uye musimboti wekushanda

Pakutanga kuona, kuvakwa kwebhandi repachigaro kungaratidzika kunge kuri nyore kwazvo. Kunyange zvakadaro, mudziyo wemabhanhire emazuva ano unosanganisira runyorwa rwakakura kwazvo rwezvinhu, zvinosanganisira:

• tension tepe (yakagadzirwa nesimba-yakasimba polyester tambo dzinogona kumira zvinorema zvinorema);
• zvekubatanidza (zvinowanzoiswa pazvinhu zvemuviri zvekugadzirisa zvakanyanya, kunze kwemotokari dzine mabhandi mana- uye mashanu-emabhandi akasungirirwa pachigaro);
• bhandi bhandi (inopa yakanamatira yekumisikidza poindi, nekuda kwekuti inogona kuiswa nyore).
• inertial coils (inokonzeresa kukakavara kwetepi yebhanhire uye kumonera kwayo painomesa);
• miganhu (inokutendera kuti uwedzere kutsetseka urefu hwebhandi kudzima simba uye kuwedzera kuchengetedzeka panguva yetsaona);
• vanyengeri (vanokonzereswa panguva yekukanganisa, pakarepo vachisimbisa bhandi uye kudzivirira kumhanyisa kwemuviri).

Rondedzero izere yezvinhu zvinoenderana nemaitiro ebhandi. Pakazara pane matatu matatu mashandiro ekushandisa kifaa:

1. Static mashandiro. Rudzi urwu rwekuvaka ruchishandiswa uye harushandiswe pamota dzemazuvano. Iyo tepi ine yakasarudzika kureba iwe yaunogona kugadzirisa iwe pachako. Nekuda kwekutadza kutevedzera zviga zvekuchengetedza, mabhandi erudzi urwu haachashandi.
2. Dynamic mashandiro. Mabhanhire akadaro anokwanisa kurebesa nekusununguka zvakaenzana apo munhu anofamba. Nekudaro, panguva yakaoma mabhureki, muchengeti anokonzereswa, nekuda kwekuti iro bhanhire rinomanikidza muviri kurwisa chigaro chemota, ichichengeta mutyairi kana mutakurwi akamira.
3. Inotungamira mashandiro. Sarudzo yakatendeseka uye yemazuva ano inosanganisirwa nedzimwe nzira dzekuchengetedza mota. Kana maseru anokosha ari mumotokari akaona mukana wemamiriro ezvinhu ane njodzi, zvemagetsi zvinosunga mabhandi zvisati zvaitika. Kana njodzi yapfuura, tepi inodzokera panzvimbo yayo.

Mhando dzemabhande emazuva ano

Sezvo mabhandi ekuchengetedza akatanga kuunzwa muindasitiri yemotokari, vagadziri vakatanga kupa mhando dzakasiyana dzemidziyo iyi. Nekuda kweizvozvo, akati wandei mabhandi emabhanhire anogona kuwanikwa mumota dzazvino:

1. Bhandi-mbiri-mabhandi ndeyechinyakare sarudzo. Midziyo yakadaro inowanzoitika mumabhazi anotakura vanhu pamwe nendege. Dzimwe nguva mabhande-nongedzo maviri anokwenenzverwa kuzvigaro zvekumashure zvemotokari kune mufambi agere pakati.
2. Iyo bhanhire-nhatu-bhandi ndiyo sarudzo inozivikanwa kune vazhinji varidzi vemota. Inonziwo diagonal belt. Iyo inoratidzira yakavimbika fixation uye ndeyeyese (yakakodzera kune ese kumberi uye kumashure mutsara wezvigaro mune chero mota).
3. Mabhandi-emapoinzi mana haanyanyo shandiswa. Kazhinji kacho dzinoshandiswa pamitambo yemitambo, chakakosha michina, uye dzimwe nguva mota dzemumigwagwa. Tambo inonamira pachigaro pamapoinzi mana, ichichengetedza munhu kuti asadonhe kana kurova zvine simba.
4. Mabhanhire-mashanu-mabhandi anoshandiswa chete mune supercars dzinodhura, pamwe nekuvakwa kwekudzivirira kwevana. Kunze kwepafudzi uye kusunga kwechiuno, kune imwezve tambo pakati pemakumbo emupfuuri.

Mashandisiro Ekushandisa

Kushandisa bhandi repachigaro kuri nyore uye kuri nyore sezvinobvira kumutyairi nevafambi. Nekudaro, kunyangwe ichi chishandiso chiri nyore chine mitemo yayo uye nuances yekushanda.

1. Kuti utarise kana bhandi repachigaro rakasimba zvakakwana, isa ruoko rwako pakati pebhandi rebhandi nemuviri wako. Kana paine kumanikidza kunooneka paruoko, zvinoreva kuti yakatambanudzwa kusvika padanho chairo.
2. Usamonyanisa tepi. Pamusoro pekusagadzikana kuri pachena, mashandiro akadaro ebhandi haazomboipe kusagadzikana kwakakodzera munguva yekukurumidzira.
3. Kana mota yakatumirwa kunogadziriswa mushure metsaona yakakomba, kumbira nyanzvi dzebasa kuti vateerere mabhandi echigaro. Nekuda kwekukakavadzana kwakasimba uye kwakapinza, mabhandi anogona kurasikirwa nesimba. Izvo zvinokwanisika kuti ivo vanofanirwa kutsiviwa, uyezve kutarisa kuvimbika kwekusimbisa kwezvinhu zvese zvechigadzirwa.
4. Kudzorerwa kwemabhanhire echigaro kunokurudzirwawo panguva yekutyaira-isina tsaona panguva dzino makore mashanu kusvika pagumi nekuda kwekusakara uye kusvuuka.

Vatyairi vazhinji vanoedza kusunungura bhandi kuti risatadzise kufamba. Nekudaro, kusagadzikana kusinganzwisisike kwakaderera kunoderedza braking mhedzisiro yechigadzirwa, semhedzisiro yekuti kushanda kwayo kwakadzikira zvakanyanya.

Aya maverengera anoti: kana munhu akarega hanya nekudiwa kwekushandisa bhanhire remota mumota, saka kana paitika tsaona, njodzi yekukuvara zvakanyanya ichawedzera:

• 2,5 nguva - mune kurovera-musoro;
• 1,8 nguva - ine divi rova;
• 5 nguva - kana mota ichipfuura.

Iyo nzira inogona kuve isingafungidzirwe zvachose, saka chero nguva, mabhandi echigaro anogona kuchengetedza hupenyu hwako.